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arXiv physics/0502062physics.ins-dethep-ex
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基于FPGA的96通道时间数字转换器

A 96-Channel FPGA-based Time-to-Digital Converter

Mircea Bogdan, Henry Frisch, Mary Heintz, Alexander Paramonov, Harold Sanders, Steve Chappa, Robert DeMaat, Rod Klein, Ting Miao, Peter Wilson, Thomas J. Phillips

摘要:

我们描述了一个基于FPGA的,96通道,时间-数字转换器(TDC)打算与中央外跟踪器(COT)在CDF实验在费米实验室Tevatron使用。COT系统由315个TDC卡进行数字化和读出,每个TDC卡服务于腔室的96条线。TDC物理配置为9 U VME卡。该功能几乎完全在两个Altera Stratix FPGA的固件中编程。该器件的特殊功能包括840 MHz LVDS输入、多个锁相时钟模块和丰富的内存。TDC系统的输入分辨率为1.2 ns。每个输入每次碰撞最多可以接受7次命中。时间-数字转换是通过首先对96个输入中的每一个进行1.2 ns仓采样并填充循环存储器来完成的;然后将输入数据中逻辑转换(边沿)的存储器地址转换为COT脉冲的到达时间和宽度。深度为5.5 $μ$ s的内存流水线允许在第一级触发器中进行无死区操作。TDC VME接口允许一个板条箱中多个电路板的64位链式块传输,传输速率高达47 Mbytes/sec。TDC还包含一个单独编程的数据路径,可在每次Tevatron交叉时产生提示触发数据。给出了TDC的完整设计和多卡测试结果。物理简单性确保低维护;固件中的功能允许为其他应用程序重新编程。

英文摘要:

We describe an FPGA-based, 96-channel, time-to-digital converter (TDC) intended for use with the Central Outer Tracker (COT) in the CDF Experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron. The COT system is digitized and read out by 315 TDC cards, each serving 96 wires of the chamber. The TDC is physically configured as a 9U VME card. The functionality is almost entirely programmed in firmware in two Altera Stratix FPGA's. The special capabilities of this device are the availability of 840 MHz LVDS inputs, multiple phase-locked clock modules, and abundant memory. The TDC system operates with an input resolution of 1.2 ns. Each input can accept up to 7 hits per collision. The time-to-digital conversion is done by first sampling each of the 96 inputs in 1.2-ns bins and filling a circular memory; the memory addresses of logical transitions (edges) in the input data are then translated into the time of arrival and width of the COT pulses. Memory pipelines with a depth of 5.5 $μ$s allow deadtime-less operation in the first-level trigger. The TDC VME interface allows a 64-bit Chain Block Transfer of multiple boards in a crate with transfer-rates up to 47 Mbytes/sec. The TDC also contains a separately-programmed data path that produces prompt trigger data every Tevatron crossing. The full TDC design and multi-card test results are described. The physical simplicity ensures low-maintenance; the functionality being in firmware allows reprogramming for other applications.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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