发表机构
Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, UNSAM-CONICET（物理科学研究所，UNSAM-CONICET）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本研究设计了一款基于Artix-7 XC7A35T FPGA的双通道TDC，可实现SiPM的定时与幅度测量，时间分辨率为$(19\pm1)$ ps，经测试可在不同模式下稳定工作，适用于光子计数相关场景。
AI 中文摘要
硅光电倍增管（SiPM）广泛应用于光子计数场景，如正电子发射断层成像或粒子物理领域，这些场景均需要精确时间戳与光电子数信息。本研究采用Artix-7 XC7A35T FPGA设计了具备幅度测量功能的时间数字转换器（TDC），为简化设计，选择FPGA内部的xADC用于幅度测量。该设计拥有两个通道，可工作于仅时间戳模式或时间戳+幅度模式，通道既可独立运行也可符合运行。研究分析了该设计的积分非线性、微分非线性，以及其时间分辨率，时间分辨率为$(19\pm1)$ ps。采用CAEN DT5810脉冲模拟器，分别在仅定时模式、定时+幅度模式及符合模式下对该设计进行进一步测试，以展示其在使用不同幅度、服从泊松分布的类SiPM脉冲时的性能。
英文摘要
Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are widely used in photon-counting applications, such as positron emission tomography or particle physics, where precise timestamps and photoelectron number information are both required. In this work, a Time-to-Digital Converter with amplitude measurement capabilities was designed using an Artix-7 XC7A35T FPGA. For amplitude measurements, the internal xADC of the FPGA was chosen over other alternatives for simplicity. This design has two channels and can operate in timestamp-only mode or timestamp + amplitude mode. In turn, channels can be operated independently or in coincidence. The Integral Non-Linearity and Differential Non-Linearity of the design were studied, along with its time resolution, which is $(19 \pm 1)$ ps. Using a CAEN DT5810 pulse emulator, the design was tested further in timing-only mode, timing + amplitude mode and in coincidence mode to showcase its performance when using Poisson distributed SiPM-like pulses of various amplitudes.
