光子到数字转换器在粒子物理中应用的概念验证与用户视角
Proof-of-Concept and User Perspective on Photon-to-Digital Converter Applications in Particle Physics
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中文总结 AI 辅助
本文从粒子物理角度评估光子到数字转换器（PDC）技术，通过量热和径迹探测的概念验证，定性比较其与SiPM系统的性能，强调用户操作经验及集成便利性，并探讨其在大规模仪器和下一代高能物理实验中的潜力。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
光子到数字转换器（PDC）是具有单光子分辨率和较大动态范围的光传感器，能够直接在芯片上对单个单光子雪崩二极管的输出进行数字化，相较于模拟硅光电倍增管（SiPM）具有潜在优势。在本工作中，我们从粒子物理的角度评估PDC技术，使用早期、低覆盖率的PDC原型进行量热和径迹探测中的概念验证研究。在简单但可外推的探测器条件下，我们定性比较了PDC与基于SiPM的系统，以展示其在探测器性能和读出方面的潜力。作为该技术首次应用于粒子物理仪器，我们特别强调用户视角，报告了操作PDC的实践经验，从设置和校准到数据处理，并强调了与传统SiPM读出相比，其集成相对容易。我们讨论了PDC在解决大规模仪器关键挑战方面的潜力，以及它们在未来高能物理实验中的预期集成。
英文摘要
Photon-to-Digital Converters (PDCs) are photosensors with single photon resolution and large dynamic range that digitise the output of individual single-photon avalanche diodes directly on-chip, offering potential advantages with respect to analogue Silicon Photo-Multipliers (SiPMs). In this work, we assess the PDC technology from the perspective of particle physics, using early, low-coverage PDC prototypes for proof-of-concept studies in calorimetry and tracking. Under simple, but extrapolable, detector conditions, we qualitatively compare PDCs with SiPM-based systems to illustrate their potential in terms of detector performance and readout. As the first application of this technology to particle physics instrumentation, we place particular emphasis on the user perspective, reporting on the practical experience of operating PDCs, from setup and calibration to data handling, and highlighting the relative ease of integration compared to conventional SiPM readout. We discuss the potential of PDCs to address key challenges in large-scale instrumentation, and their prospective integration into next-generation high-energy physics experiments.
