We consider an autonomous differential system in $\mathbb{R}^n$ with a periodic orbit and we give a new method for computing the characteristic multipliers associated to it. Our method works when the periodic orbit is given by the transversal intersection of $n-1$ codimension one hypersurfaces and is an alternative to the use of the first order variational equations. We apply it to study the stability of the periodic orbits in several examples, including a periodic solution found by Steklov studying the rigid body dynamics.
In this paper we consider periodic orbits of planar linear Filippov systems with a line of discontinuity. Unlike many publications researching only the maximum number of crossing periodic orbits, we investigate not only the number and configuration of sliding periodic orbits, but also the coexistence of sliding periodic orbits and crossing ones. Firstly, we prove that the number of sliding periodic orbits is at most 2, and give all possible configurations of one or two sliding periodic orbits. Secondly, we prove that two sliding periodic orbits coexist with at most one crossing periodic orbit,…
We prove the existence of $n$-periodic orbits for almost all $n\in\mathbb{N}$ in the Rössler system with attracting periodic orbit, for two sets of parameters. The proofs are computer-assisted.
We introduce a new notion of stability for periodic orbits in polygonal billiards. We say that a periodic orbit of a polygonal billiard is $λ$-stable if there is a periodic orbit for the corresponding pinball billiard which converges to it as $λ$ $\rightarrow$ 1. This notion of stability is unrelated to the notion introduced by Galperin, Stepin and Vorobets. We give sufficient and necessary conditions for a periodic orbit to be $λ$-stable and prove that the set of d-gons having at most finite number of $λ$-stable periodic orbits is dense is the space of d-gons. Moreover, we also determine comp…
There is an open set of right triangles such that for each irrational triangle in this set (i) periodic billiards orbits are dense in the phase space, (ii) there is a unique nonsingular perpendicular billiard orbit which is not periodic, and (iii) the perpendicular periodic orbits fill the corresponding invariant surface.
Consider a transitive Anosov flow on a closed $3$-manifold. After removing a finite set of null-homologous periodic orbits, we study the distribution of the remaining periodic orbits in the homology of the knot complement.
We prove that every sectional Anosov flow (or, equivalently, every sectional-hyperbolic attracting set of a flow) on a compact manifold has a periodic orbit. This extends the previous three-dimensional result obtained in [Existence of periodic orbits for singular-hyperbolic sets].
Let f be a homeomorphism of the torus isotopic to the identity and suppose that there exists a periodic orbit with a non-zero rotation vector (p/q,r/q), then f has a topologically monotone periodic orbit with the same rotation vector.
Our main is to study periodic orbits of linear and invariant flows on a real, connected Lie group. Since each linear flow $φ_t$ has a derivation associated $\mathcal{D}$, we show that the existence of periodic orbits of $φ_t$ is based on the eigenvalues of the derivation $\mathcal{D}$. From this, we study periodic orbits of a linear flow on noncompact, semisimple Lie groups, and we work with periodic orbits of a linear flow on connected, simply connected, solvable Lie groups of dimension 2 or 3.
We show how a variant of the Lefschetz Fixed Point Theorem may be used to count the number of periodic orbits for certain rational difference equations.
Given any $K>0$, we construct two equivalent $C^2$ flows, one of which has positive topological entropy larger than $K$ and admits zero as the exponential growth of periodic orbits, in contrast, the other has zero topological entropy and super-exponential growth of periodic orbits. Moreover we establish a $C^{\infty}$ flow on $\mathbb{S}^2$ with super-exponential growth of periodic orbits, which is also equivalent to another flow with zero exponential growth of periodic orbits. On the other hand, any two dimensional flow has only zero topological entropy.
We prove that for a large and important class of $C^1$ twist maps of the torus periodic and quasi-periodic orbits of a new type exist, provided that there are no rotational invariant circles (R.I.C's). These orbits have a non-zero ''vertical rotation number'' (V.R.N.), in contrast to what happens to Birkhoff periodic orbits and Aubry-Mather sets. The V.R.N. is rational for a periodic orbit and irrational for a quasi-periodic. We also prove that the existence of an orbit with a $V.R.N=a>0,$ implies the existence of orbits with $V.R.N=b,$ for all $0<b<a.$ In this way, related to a generalized de…
We consider a space of complex polynomials of degree $n\ge 3$ with $n-1$ distinguished periodic orbits. We prove that the multipliers of these periodic orbits considered as algebraic functions on that space, are algebraically independent over the field of complex numbers.
We construct a highly-symmetric periodic orbit of eight bodies in three dimensions. In this orbit, each body collides with its three nearest neighbors in a regular periodic fashion. Regularization of the collisions in the orbit is achieved by an extension of the Levi-Civita method. Initial conditions for the orbit are found numerically. Linear stability of the orbit is then shown using a technique by Roberts. Evidence toward higher-order stability is presented as an additional result of a numerical calculation.
Our first purpose is to study the stability of linear flows on real, connected, compact, semisimple Lie groups. After, we study and classify periodic orbits of linear and invariant flows. In particular, we obtain a version of Poincaré-Bendixon's Theorem. As an application, we present periodic orbits of linear or invariant flows on $SO(3)$ or $SU(2)$, and we classify periodic orbits of a linear or invariant system on $SO(4)$.
We present an extension of the theory known as Lin's method to heteroclinic chains that connect hyperbolic equilibria and hyperbolic periodic orbits. Based on the construction of a so-called Lin orbit, that is, a sequence of continuous partial orbits that only have jumps in a certain prescribed linear subspace, estimates for these jumps are derived. We use the jump estimates to discuss bifurcation equations for homoclinic orbits near heteroclinic cycles between an equilibrium and a periodic orbit (EtoP cycles).
We study the one-dimensional Fermi-Ulam ping-pong problem with a Bohr almost periodic forcing function and show that the set of initial condition leading to escaping orbits typically has Lebesgue measure zero.
A family of periodic orbits is proven to exist in the spatial lunar problem that are continuations of a family of consecutive collision orbits, perpendicular to the primary orbit plane. This family emanates from all but two energy values. The orbits are numerically explored. The global properties and geometry of the family is studied.
The permutation binary neural networks are characterized by global permutation connections and local binary connections. Although the parameter space is not large, the networks exhibit various binary periodic orbits. Since analysis of all the periodic orbits is not easy, we focus on globally stable binary periodic orbits such that almost all initial points fall into the orbits. For efficient analysis, we define the standard permutation connection that represents multiple equivalent permutation connections. Applying the brute force attack to 7-dimensional networks, we present the main result: a…
In this paper, the general perturbation problem of piecewise smooth integrable differential systems with two switching planes is considered. Firstly, when the unperturbed system has a family of periodic orbits, the first order Melnikov vector function is derived which can be used to study the number of periodic orbits bifurcated from the period annuli. Then, by using the obtained Melnikov vector function, we get an upper bound of the number of periodic orbits of a concrete $n$-dimensional piecewise smooth differential system.
We extend Sharkovskii's theorem to the cases of $N$-dimensional maps which are close to 1D maps, with an attracting $n$-periodic orbit. We prove that, with relatively weak topological assumptions, there exist also $m$-periodic orbits for all $m\triangleright n$ in Sharkovskii's order, in the nearby. We also show, as an example of application, how to obtain such a result for the Rössler system with an attracting periodic orbit, for four sets of parameter values. The proofs are computer-assisted.
Let f be an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the disc D2 which possesses a periodic point of period 3. Then either f is isotopic, relative the periodic orbit, to a homeomorphism g which is conjugate to a rotation by 2 pi /3 or 4 pi /3, or f has a periodic point of least period n for each n in N*.
We study equidistribution of certain subsets of periodic orbits for subshifts of finite type. Our results solely rely on the growth of these subsets. As a consequence, effective equidistribution results are obtained for both hyperbolic diffeomorphisms and expanding maps on compact manifolds.
In this paper, we consider a time-periodically forced Kepler problem in any dimensions, with an external force which we only assume to be regular in a neighborhood of the attractive center. We prove that there exist infinitely many periodic orbits in this system, with possible double collisions with the center regularized, which accumulate the attractive center. The result is obtained via a localization argument combined with a result on $C^{1}$-persistence of closed orbits by a local homotopy-streching argument. Consequently, by formulating the circular and elliptic restricted three-body prob…
We obtain an asymptotic formula for the number of pairs of closed orbits of a weak-mixing transitive Anosov flow whose homology classes have a fixed difference.
We try to define the more general form of iterative processes in which the Pomeau-Manneville and the Feigenbaum scenario may occur along with their specific scaling properties. Doing this we need to generalize other basic concepts. Thus, what we call a periodic carousel is a generalization of what is usually called a periodic orbit.
We present a topological method of obtaining the existence of infinite number of symmetric periodic orbits for systems with reversing symmetry. The method is based on covering relations. We apply the method to a four-dimensional reversible map.
We present a proof of the existence of a periodic orbit for the Newtonian six-body problem with equal masses. This orbit has three double collisions each period and no multiple collisions. Our proof is based on the minimization of the Lagrangian action functional on a well chosen class of symmetric loops.
By varying a parameter of a one-dimensional piecewise smooth map, stable periodic orbits are observed. In this paper, complete analytic characterization of these stable periodic orbits is obtained. An interesting relationship between the cardinality of orbits and their period is established. It is proved that for any $n$, there exist $ϕ(n)$ distinct admissible patterns of cardinality $n$. An algorithm to obtain these distinct admissible patterns is outlined. Additionally, a novel algorithm to find the range of parameter for which the orbit exists is proposed.
Bautista and Morales proved the existence of periodic orbits in singular-hyperbolic attracting sets(*). In this paper, we extend their result to singular-hyperbolic Lyapunov stable sets. ((*)"Existence of periodic orbits for singular-hyperbolic sets", Moscow Mathematical Journal, 6 (2006), 265-297)
By folding an autonomous system of rational equations in the plane to a scalar difference equation, we show that the rational system has coexisting periodic orbits of all possible periods as well as stable aperiodic orbits for certain parameter ranges.
We prove Lr-estimates on periodic solutions of periodically-forced, linearly-damped mechanical systems with polynomially-bounded potentials. The estimates are applied to obtain a non-existence result of periodic solutions in bounded domains, depending on an upper bound on the gradient of the potential. The results are illustrated on examples.
We present a method for proving the existence of symmetric periodic, heteroclinic or homoclinic orbits in dynamical systems with the reversing symmetry. As an application we show that the Planar Restricted Circular Three Body Problem (PCR3BP) corresponding to the Sun-Jupiter-Oterma system possesses an infinite number of symmetric periodic orbits and homoclinic orbits to the Lyapunov orbits. Moreover, we show the existence of symbolic dynamics on six symbols for PCR3BP and the possibility of resonance transitions of the comet. This extends earlier results by Wilczak and Zgliczynski - Heteroclin…
We describe all Lyapunov spectra that can be obtained by perturbing the derivatives along periodic orbits of a diffeomorphism. The description is expressed in terms of the finest dominated splitting and Lyapunov exponents that appear in the limit of a sequence of periodic orbits, and involves the majorization partial order. Among the applications, we give a simple criterion for the occurrence of universal dynamics.
We prove that if the multipliers of the repelling periodic orbits of a complex polynomial grow at least like $n^{5 + ε}$, for some $ε> 0$, then the Julia set of the polynomial is locally connected when it is connected. As a consequence for a polynomial the presence of a Cremer cycle implies the presence of a sequence of repelling periodic orbits with "small" multipliers. Somehow surprinsingly the proof is based in measure theorical considerations.
An important problem in the dynamics of surface homeomorphisms is determining the forcing relation between orbits. The forcing relation between periodic orbits can be computed using standard algorithms, though this does not give much information on the structure of the forcing relation. Here we consider forcing relations between homoclinic orbits, and their relationships with periodic orbits. We outline a general procedure for computing the forcing relation, and apply this to compute the equivalence and forcing relations for homoclinic orbits of the Smale horseshoe map. We also outline a metho…
Let $K$ be the Cantor set. We prove that arbitrarily close to a homeomorphism $T:K\rightarrow K$ there exists a homeomorphism $\widetilde T:K\rightarrow K$ such that the $α$-limit and the $ω$-limit of every orbit is a periodic orbit. We also prove that arbitrarily close to an endomorphism $T:K\rightarrow K$ there exists an endomorphism $\widetilde T:K\rightarrow K$ close to $T$ such that every orbit is finally periodic.
We show that for any natural number n, the set of domains containing absolutely periodic orbits of order n are dense in the set of bounded strictly convex domains with smooth boundary. The proof that such an orbit exists is an extension to billiard maps of the results of a paper by Gonchenko, Shilnikov, and Turaev, where it is proved that such maps are dense in Newhouse domains in regions of real-analytic area-preserving two-dimensional maps. Our result is a step toward disproving a conjecture that no absolutely periodic billiard orbits of infinite order exist in Euclidean billiards and is als…
The space of $k$-jets of $n$ real function of one real variable $x$ admits the structure of a Carnot group, which then has an associated Hamiltonian geodesic flow. As in any Hamiltonian flow, a natural question is the existence of periodic solutions. Does the space of $k$-jets have periodic geodesics? This study will demonstrate the integrability of subRiemannian geodesic flow, characterize and classify the subRiemannian geodesics in the space of $k$-jets, and show that they are never periodic.
We prove that either there exists at least one hamilton periodic orbit in a given energy close smooth hypersurface or there exist at least two hamilton periodic orbits in a near-by energy close smooth hypersurface. More general results also hold.
We give a complete solution of the following problem: Find, classify and count the (classes of) periodic orbits on an equilateral triangle. We prove that Fagnano's period 3 orbit is the only periodic orbit with odd period. A periodic orbit is either prime or some d-fold iterate thereof. We count prime and iterate periodic orbits of period $2n$ via a bijection with a certain partition of $n$, then count only prime orbits using the prime factorization of $n$.
We prove that any Hamiltonian diffeomorphism of a closed symplectic manifold equipped with an atoroidal symplectic form has simple non-contractible periodic orbits of arbitrarily large period, provided that the diffeomorphism has a non-degenerate (or even isolated and homologically non-trivial) periodic orbit with non-zero homology class and the set of one-periodic orbits in that class is finite.
We show that the presence of one non-degenerate, non-contractible periodic orbit of a Hamiltonian on the standard symplectic torus implies the existence of infinitely many simple non-contractible periodic orbits.
For an analytic differential system in $\mathbb R^n$ with a periodic orbit, we will prove that if the system is analytically integrable around the periodic orbit, i.e. it has $n-1$ functionally independent analytic first integrals defined in a neighborhood of the periodic orbit, then the system is analytically equivalent to its Poincaré--Dulac type normal form. This result is an extension for analytic integrable differential systems around a singularity to the ones around a periodic orbit.
