D. Wilczak, P. Zgliczynski
We present a topological method of obtaining the existence of infinite number of symmetric periodic orbits for systems with reversing symmetry. The method is based on covering relations. We apply the method to a four-dimensional reversible map.
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A (discrete) dynamical system may have various symmetries and reversing symmetries, which together form its so-called reversing symmetry group. We study the set of 3D trace maps (obtained from two-letter substitution rules) which preserve the Fricke-Vogt invariant I(x,y,z). This set of dynamical systems forms a group G isomorphic with the projective linear (or modular) group PGL(2,Z). For such trace maps, we give a complete characterization of the reversing symmetry group as a subgroup of the group A of all polynomial mappings that preserve I(x,y,z).
Toral automorphisms are widely used (discrete) dynamical systems, the perhaps most prominent example (in 2D) being Arnold's cat map. Given such an automorphism M, its symmetries (i.e. all automorphisms that commute with M) and reversing symmetries (i.e. all automorphisms that conjugate M into its inverse) can be determined by means of number theoretic tools. Here, the case of GL(2,Z) is presented and the possible (reversing) symmetry groups are completely classified. Extensions to affine mappings and to k-(reversing) symmetries (i.e. (reversing) symmetries of the k-th power of M), and applicat…
We determine the symmetries and reversing symmetries within G, the group of real planar polynomial automorphisms, of area-preserving nonlinear polynomial maps L in generalised standard form, L: x'=x+p(y), y'=y+q(x'), where p and q are polynomials. We do this by using the amalgamated free product structure of G. Our results lead to normal forms for polynomial maps in generalised standard form and to a classification of the group structures of the reversing symmetry groups for such maps.
The problem of genealogy of permutations has been solved partially by Stefan (odd order) and Acosta-Humánez \& Bernhardt (power of two). It is well known that Sharkovskii's theorem shows the relationship between the cardinal of the set of periodic points of a continuous map, but simple permutations will show the behaviour of those periodic points. Recently Abdulla et al studied the structure of minimal $4n+2$-orbits of the continuous endomorphisms on the real line. This paper studies some combinatorial dynamics structures of permutations of mixed order $4n+2$, describing its genealogy, using P…
We deal with germs of diffeomorphisms that are reversible under an involution. We establish that this condition implies that, in general, both the family of reversing symmetries and the group of symmetries are not finite, in contrast with continuous-time dynamics, where typically there are finitely many reversing symmetries. From this we obtain two chains of fixed-points subspaces of involutory reversing symmetries that we use to obtain geometric information on the discrete dynamics generated by a given diffeomorphism. The results are illustrated by the generic case in arbitrary dimension, whe…
Minimal stretch factors of orientation-reversing fully-punctured pseudo-Anosov maps
本文研究了反方向全穿伪Anosov映射的最小伸缩因子，证明了其与曲面欧拉特征的关系，并展示了该界限的渐近紧致性。
We study various aspects of the dynamics induced by integer matrices on the invariant rational lattices of the torus in dimension 2 and greater. Firstly, we investigate the orbit structure when the toral endomorphism is not invertible on the lattice, characterising the pretails of eventually periodic orbits. Next we study the nature of the symmetries and reversing symmetries of toral automorphisms on a given lattice, which has particular relevance to (quantum) cat maps.
Robust chaos in orientation-reversing and non-invertible two-dimensional piecewise-linear maps
本文将二维边界碰撞范式的鲁棒混沌构造从可逆保向情形推广到不可逆与方向反转情形，证明鲁棒混沌与映射全局拓扑性质无关，并确定了混沌区域及其分岔边界。
In this work we introduce a planar restricted four-body problem where a massless particle moves under the gravitational influence due to three bodies following the eight figure choreography, and we explore some symmetric periodic orbits of this system which turns out to be non autonomous. We demonstrate that certain families of involutions are reversing symmetries of certain N-body problem. We consider a particular case of such families of reversing symmetries and we use it to study both theoretically and numerically certain type of symmetric periodic orbits of this system. The symmetric perio…
Closed orbits of MHD equilibria with orientation-reversing symmetry
本文研究具有非反射型反向定向对称性的 MHD 平衡，利用拓扑方法证明在压力函数具有环形嵌套水平集时环面上所有轨道均周期，并提出刻画微分同胚作用的指标。
Existence and spatio-temporal symmetric patterns of periodic solutions to second order reversible equivariant non-autonomous periodic systems with multiple delays are studied under the Hartman-Nagumo growth conditions. The method is based on using the Brouwer $D_1 \times \mathbb Z_2\times Γ$-equivariant degree theory, where $D_1$ is related to the reversing symmetry, $\mathbb Z_2$ is related to the oddness of the right-hand-side and $Γ$ reflects the symmetric character of the coupling in the corresponding network. Abstract results are supported by a concrete example with $Γ= D_n$ -- the dihedr…
We present a method for proving the existence of symmetric periodic, heteroclinic or homoclinic orbits in dynamical systems with the reversing symmetry. As an application we show that the Planar Restricted Circular Three Body Problem (PCR3BP) corresponding to the Sun-Jupiter-Oterma system possesses an infinite number of symmetric periodic orbits and homoclinic orbits to the Lyapunov orbits. Moreover, we show the existence of symbolic dynamics on six symbols for PCR3BP and the possibility of resonance transitions of the comet. This extends earlier results by Wilczak and Zgliczynski - Heteroclin…
Periodic orbits near collision in a restricted four-body problem for the eight choreography
本文研究三体沿八字形 choreography 运动时无质量粒子在碰撞附近的周期轨道，通过正则化坐标和反转对称性结合边值问题求解对称周期轨道。
A note on the bounded orbit conjecture
本文证明：平面上无不动点、反定向且所有轨道有界的同胚必有无穷多个周期轨道，从而为有界轨道猜想提供了一个注记。
Asymptotics of Transversality in Periodic Curves of Quadratic Rational Maps
本文计算了具有周期标记临界点的二次有理映射模空间的欧拉特征数，从而研究其横截性的渐近行为。
This paper is an extension of an earlier paper that dealt with global dynamics in autonomous triangular maps. In the current paper, we extend the results on global dynamics of autonomous triangular maps to periodic non-autonomous triangular maps. We show that, under certain conditions, the orbit of every point in a periodic non-autonomous triangular map converges to a fixed point (respectively, periodic orbit of period $p$) if and only if there is no periodic orbit of prime period two (respectively, periodic orbits of prime period greater than $p$).
Symmetric homoclinic tangles in reversible dynamical systems have positive topological entropy
针对可逆向量场中对称周期轨道族的强横截同宿相交，证明了系统拓扑熵为正，揭示了同宿缠结的混沌本质。
Coexistence of periodic-2 and periodic-3 caustics for nearly circular analytic billiard maps
本文研究了近圆解析台球映射中周期2与周期3焦散线的共存问题，证明了圆的对称解析形变需满足等距变换这一必要条件。
In this article, we present a landing theorem for periodic dynamic rays for transcendental entire maps which have bounded post-singular sets, by using standard hyperbolic geometry results.
We study time-reversal symmetry in dynamical systems with finite phase space, with applications to birational maps reduced over finite fields. For a polynomial automorphism with a single family of reversing symmetries, a universal (i.e., map-independent) distribution function R(x)=1-e^{-x}(1+x) has been conjectured to exist, for the normalized cycle lengths of the reduced map in the large field limit (J. A. G. Roberts and F. Vivaldi, Nonlinearity 18 (2005) 2171-2192). We show that these statistics correspond to those of a composition of two random involutions, having an appropriate number of f…
We prove that for continuous maps on the interval, the existence of an n-cycle, implies the existence of n-1 points which interwind the original ones and are permuted by the map. We then use this combinatorial result to show that piecewise affine maps (with no zero slope) cannot be infinitely renormalizable.
In this paper we investigate how many periodic attractors maps in a small neighbourhood of a given map can have. For this purpose we develop new tools which help to make uniform cross-ratio distortion estimates in a neighbourhood of a map with degenerate critical points.
We study dynamics and bifurcations of two-dimensional reversible maps having non-transversal heteroclinic cycles containing symmetric saddle periodic points. We consider one-parameter families of reversible maps unfolding generally the initial heteroclinic tangency and prove that there are infinitely sequences (cascades) of bifurcations of birth of asymptotically stable and unstable as well as elliptic periodic orbits.
On the periodic structure of $C^1$ self-maps on the product of spheres of different dimensions
该研究利用Lefschetz不动点理论，刻画了不同维数球面乘积上三类$C^1$自映射的周期结构，并将结果推广至紧连通单连通单Lie群上的同类映射。
We prove that, for a Ruelle-expanding map, the zeta function is rational and the topological entropy is equal to the exponential growth rate of the periodic points.
Density of periodic measures for piecewise monotonic maps
本文证明了具有正度量熵的分段单调映射的遍历测度可由周期测度在弱-*意义下逼近，部分回答了Hofbauer-Raith猜想。
We propose an extension of the one dimensional (doubling) renormalization operator to the case of maps on the cylinder. The kind of maps considered are commonly referred as quasi-periodic forced one dimensional maps. We prove that the fixed point of the one dimensional renormalization operator extends to a fixed point of the quasi-periodic forced renormalization operator. We also prove that the operator is differentiable around the fixed point and we study its derivative. Then we consider a two parametric family of quasi-periodically forced maps which is a unimodal one dimensional map with a f…
Periodic Shadowing for Set-Valued Maps
研究集值动力系统的周期跟踪性质，证明在紧度量空间上正膨胀集值映射的跟踪性蕴含周期跟踪性，且链传递映射的周期跟踪性蕴含跟踪性和拓扑传递性。
We consider a space of complex polynomials of degree $n\ge 3$ with $n-1$ distinguished periodic orbits. We prove that the multipliers of these periodic orbits considered as algebraic functions on that space, are algebraically independent over the field of complex numbers.
We prove that there exists an open and dense subset $\mathcal{U}$ in the space of $C^{2}$ expanding self-maps of the circle $\mathbb{T}$ such that the Lyapunov minimizing measures of any $T\in{\mathcal U}$ are uniquely supported on a periodic orbit.This answers a conjecture of Jenkinson-Morris in the $C^2$ topology.
We study periodic, piecewise linear maps on the plane starting with the Mort Brown's map. We show that if the number of pieces is two, there is only a short list of possible periods (this fact can be seen as the crystallographic restriction for this class of maps). Otherwise, without the restriction on the number of pieces, a map can have any period. We show how to construct such maps using binary trees and so called admissible sequences.
We study the existence of families of periodic solutions in a neighbourhood of a symmetric equilibrium point in two classes of Hamiltonian systems with involutory symmetries. In both classes, involutions reverse the sign of the Hamiltonian function. In the first class we study a Hamiltonian system with a reversing involution R acting symplectically. We first recover a result of Buzzi and Lamb showing that the equilibrium point is contained in a three dimensional conical subspace which consists of a two parameter family of periodic solutions with symmetry R and there may or may not exist two fa…
Periodic Points of Hamiltonian Diffeomorphisms Equal to Nondegenerate Linear Maps at Infinity
本文研究了辛欧氏空间上在无穷远处等于非退化线性映射的哈密顿微分同胚，证明了在存在满足扭曲条件的孤立同调非平凡不动点时，必定存在无穷多个具有任意大素数周期的简单周期点。
We consider the space of degree $n\ge 2$ rational maps of the Riemann sphere with $k$ distinct marked periodic orbits of given periods. First, we show that this space is irreducible. For $k=2n-2$ and with some mild restrictions on the periods of the marked periodic orbits, we show that the multipliers of these periodic orbits, considered as algebraic functions on the above mentioned space, are algebraically independent over $\mathbb C$. Equivalently, this means that at its generic point, the moduli space of degree $n$ rational maps can be locally parameterized by the multipliers of any $2n-2$ …
In this paper, we first show that any nonlinear monotonic increasing contracting maps with one discontinuous point on a unit interval which has an unique periodic point with period $n$ conjugates to a piecewise linear contracting map which has periodic point with same period. Second, we consider one parameter family of monotonic increasing contracting maps, and show that the family has the periodic structure called Arnold tongue for the parameter which is associated with the Farey series. This implies that there exist a parameter set with a positive Lebesgue measure such that the map has a per…
We describe the global dynamics of some pointwise periodic piecewise linear maps in the plane that exhibit interesting dynamic features. For each of these maps we find a first integral. For these integrals the set of values are discrete, thus quantized. Furthermore, the level sets are bounded sets whose interior is formed by a finite number of open tiles of certain regular or uniform tessellations. The action of the maps on each invariant set of tiles is described geometrically.
We show that for the generic continuous maps of the interval and circle which preserve the Lebesgue measure it holds for each k $\ge$ 1 that the set of periodic points of period k is a Cantor set of Hausdorff dimension zero and of upper box dimension one. Furthermore, building on this result, we show that there is a dense collection of transitive Lebesgue measure preserving interval map whose periodic points have full Lebesgue measure and whose periodic points of period k have positive measure for each k $\ge$ 1. Finally, we show that the generic continuous maps of the interval which preserve …
The search of high-order periodic orbits has been typically restricted to problems with symmetries that help to reduce the dimension of the search space. Well-known examples include reversible maps with symmetry lines. The present work proposes a new method to compute high-order periodic orbits in twist maps without the use of symmetries. The method is a combination of the parameterization method in Fourier space and a Newton-Gauss multiple shooting scheme. The parameterization method has been successfully used in the past to compute quasi-periodic invariant circles. However, this is the first…
Existence and spatio-temporal patterns of periodic solutions to second order reversible equivariant autonomous systems with commensurate delays are studied using the Brouwer $O(2) \times Γ\times \mathbb Z_2$-equivariant degree theory, where $O(2)$ is related to the reversing symmetry, $Γ$ reflects the symmetric character of the coupling in the corresponding network and $\mathbb Z_2$ is related to the oddness of the right-hand-side. Abstract results are supported by a concrete example with $Γ= D_6$ -- the dihedral group of order 12.
Normal distribution of Lyapunov exponents of periodic orbits for expanding circle maps
研究显示，扩张圆映射中周期点的Lyapunov指数分布近似正态，误差随周期增长而减小，验证了中心极限定理在有限周期轨道中的应用。
We prove that if A is the basin of immediate attraction to a periodic attracting or parabolic point for a rational map f on the Riemann sphere, then periodic points in the boundary of A are dense in this boundary. To prove this in the non simply- connected or parabolic situations we prove a more abstract, geometric coding trees version.
Homological data on the periodic structure of self-maps on wedge sums
针对拓扑流形楔和上的连续自映射，本文计算 Lefschetz 数、Dold 系数及代数周期，并揭示环面楔和情形中的同调障碍。
Distributions of periodic points for the Dyck shift and the heterochaos baker maps
本文证明了 Dyck 位移的两个最大熵遍历测度可表示为不同乘子周期点集的渐近分布，并将该结果推广到异混沌面包师映射，用不同不稳定维数刻画其两个最大熵遍历测度。
We show that repelling periodic points are landing points of periodic rays for exponential maps whose singular value has bounded orbit. For polynomials with connected Julia sets, this is a celebrated theorem by Douady, for which we present a new proof. In both cases we also show that points in hyperbolic sets are accessible by at least one and at most finitely many rays. For exponentials this allows us to conclude that the singular value itself is accessible.
The dynamics of a 1-parameter family of cluster maps $φ_r$ associated to mutation-periodic quivers in dimension 4, is studied in detail. The use of presymplectic reduction leads to a globally periodic symplectic map, and this enables us to reduce the problem to the study of maps belonging to a group of symplectic birational maps of the plane which is isomorphic to $SL(2,\mathbb{Z})\ltimes\mathbb{R}^2$. We conclude that there are three different types of dynamical behaviour for $φ_r$ characterized by the integer parameter values $r=1$, $r=2$ and $r>2$. For each type, the periodic points, the st…
Positive hyperbolic periodic orbits for area-preserving maps and Reeb flows
该研究针对保面积映射与Reeb流，证明闭三维接触流形上强非退化Reeb向量场若有至少3个简单周期轨道则存在无穷多简单正双曲周期轨道，核心结合曲面结果与破书分解定理完成证明。
Fractional Order Periodic Maps: Stability Analysis and Application to the Periodic-2 Limit Cycles in the Nonlinear Systems
本文研究线性分数阶差分方程中周期-2映射的稳定性，发现其稳定条件同时依赖于ab和a+b，并将所得条件应用于非线性系统渐近周期轨道的稳定性分析。
Stable manifolds for periodically perturbed maps
本研究证明当Hadamard-Perron定理的映射项含T周期变量时，其稳定流形为T周期函数的图像，并将Levinson关于自治系统周期扰动下吸引闭不变曲线的经典结果推广到混合微分方程。
Explicit formulas are obtained for the number of periodic points and maximum tail length of split polynomial maps over finite fields for affine and projective space. This work includes a detailed analysis of the structure of the directed graph for Chebyshev polynomials of non-prime degree in dimension 1 and the powering map in any dimension. The results are applied to an algorithm for determining the type of a given map through analysis of its cycle statistics modulo primes.
In this work, we relate the geometry of chaotic attractors of typical analytic unimodal maps to the behavior of the critical orbit. Our main result is an explicit formula relating the combinatorics of the critical orbit with the exponents of periodic orbits. This connection between topological and smooth invariants is obtained through an analysis of the physical measure. Since the exponents of periodic orbits form a complete set of smooth invariants in this setting, we have ``typical geometric rigidity'' of the dynamics of such chaotic attractors. This unexpected result implies that the lamina…
We consider the dynamics of `nonlinear tent maps': piecewise smooth unimodal maps with nowhere vanishing derivative. We show that if a nonlinear tent map $f$ is not infinitely renormalizable, then all its periodic orbits of sufficiently high period are hyperbolic repelling. If additionally all periodic orbits of $f$ are hyperbolic, then $f$ has at most finitely many periodic attractors and there is a hyperbolic expansion outside the basins of these periodic attractors. In particular, if a nonlinear tent map $f$ is not infinitely renormalizable and all its periodic orbits are hyperbolic repelli…
In this paper, following J.Nielsen, we introduce a complete characteristic of orientation preserving periodic maps on the two-dimensional torus. All admissible complete characteristics were found and realized. In particular, each of classes of non-homotopic to the identity orientation preserving periodic homeomorphisms on the 2-torus is realized by an algebraic automorphism. Moreover, it is shown that number of such classes is finite. Due to V.Z. Grines and A. Bezdenezhnykh, any gradient like orientation preserving diffeomorphism of an orientable surface is represented as a superposition of th…
Bifurcations of the $A_{n}$ type in Arnold's classification, in non-autonomous $p$-periodic difference equations generated by parameter depending families with $p$ maps, are studied. It is proved that the conditions of degeneracy, non-degeneracy and unfolding are invariant relative to cyclic order of compositions for any natural number $n$. The main tool for the proofs is local topological conjugacy. Invariance results are essential to the proper definition of the bifurcations $A_{n}$, and lower codimension bifurcations associated, using all the possible cyclic compositions of the fiber famili…
In this paper we are concerned with quasi-periodic forced one dimensional maps. We consider a two parametric family of quasi-periodically forced maps such that the one dimensional map (before forcing) is unimodal and it has a full cascade of period doubling bifurcations. Between one period doubling and the next one it is known that there exist a parameter value where the $2^n$-periodic orbit is superatracting. In a previous work we proposed an extension of the one-dimensional (doubling) renormalization operator to the quasi-periodic case. We proved that, if the family satisfies suitable hypoth…
We face the problem of characterizing the periodic cases in parametric families of (real or complex) rational diffeomorphisms having a fixed point. Our approach relies on the Normal Form Theory, to obtain necessary conditions for the existence of a formal linearization of the map, and on the introduction of a suitable rational parametrization of the parameters of the family. Using these tools we can find a finite set of values p for which the map can be p-periodic, reducing the problem of finding the parameters for which the periodic cases appear to simple computations. We apply our results to…
By varying a parameter of a one-dimensional piecewise smooth map, stable periodic orbits are observed. In this paper, complete analytic characterization of these stable periodic orbits is obtained. An interesting relationship between the cardinality of orbits and their period is established. It is proved that for any $n$, there exist $ϕ(n)$ distinct admissible patterns of cardinality $n$. An algorithm to obtain these distinct admissible patterns is outlined. Additionally, a novel algorithm to find the range of parameter for which the orbit exists is proposed.
Ground states and periodic orbits for expanding Thurston maps
本文研究扩张Thurston映射的最大化测度与基态，证明典型周期优化猜想成立，并推广到Misiurewicz–Thurston有理映射。
For an infinitely renormalizable negative Schwarzian unimodal map $f$ with non-flat critical point, we analyze statistical properties of periodic points as the periods tend to infinity. Introducing a weight function $φ$ which is a continuous or a geometric potential $φ=-β\log|f'|$ ($β\in\mathbb R$), we establish the level-2 Large Deviation Principle for weighted periodic points. From this, we deduce that all weighted periodic points equidistribute with respect to equilibrium states for the potential $φ$. In particular, it follows that all periodic points are equidistributed with respect to mea…
We prove that for a large and important class of $C^1$ twist maps of the torus periodic and quasi-periodic orbits of a new type exist, provided that there are no rotational invariant circles (R.I.C's). These orbits have a non-zero ''vertical rotation number'' (V.R.N.), in contrast to what happens to Birkhoff periodic orbits and Aubry-Mather sets. The V.R.N. is rational for a periodic orbit and irrational for a quasi-periodic. We also prove that the existence of an orbit with a $V.R.N=a>0,$ implies the existence of orbits with $V.R.N=b,$ for all $0<b<a.$ In this way, related to a generalized de…
We prove a generalization of the fixed point theorem of Cartwright and Littlewood. Namely, suppose $h : \mathbb{R}^2 \to\mathbb{R}^2$ is an orientation preserving planar homeomorphism, and let $C$ be a continuum such that $h^{-1}(C)\cup C$ is acyclic. If there is a $c\in C$ such that $\{h^{-i}(c):i\in\mathbb{N}\}\subseteq C$, or $\{h^i(c):i\in\mathbb{N}\}\subseteq C$, then $C$ also contains a fixed point of $h$. Our approach is based on Morton Brown's short proof of the result of Cartwright and Littlewood. In addition, making use of a linked periodic orbits theorem of Bonino we also prove a co…
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