We show that in every dimension greater than or equal to 4, there exist compact Kaehler manifolds which do not have the homotopy type of projective complex manifolds. Thus they a fortiori are not deformation equivalent to a projective manifold, which solves negatively Kodaira's problem.
We give both non simply connected (of dimension at least 4) and simply connected (of dimension at least 6) such examples.
We recently constructed examples of compact Kaeler manifolds which do not have the homotopy type of a projective complex manifold. They were however obtained by blowing-up certain complex tori, which are themselves deformation equivalent to complex projective manifolds. Thus it remained possible that in higher dimension, a birational version of Kodaira's theorem still holds. We construct however in this paper compact Kaehler manifolds, no birational model of which has the homotopy type of a projective manifold.
Each Scorza variety and its secant varieties in the ambient projective space are identified, in the realm of singular Poisson-Kaehler geometry, in terms of projectivizations of holomorphic nilpotent orbits in suitable Lie algebras of hermitian type, the holomorphic nilpotent orbits, in turn, being affine varieties. The ambient projective space acquires an exotic Kaehler structure, the closed stratum being the Scorza variety and the closures of the higher strata its secant varieties. In this fashion, the secant varieties become exotic projective varieties. In the rank 3 case, the four regular S…
We study complex compact Kaehler manifolds $X$ carrying a contact structure. If $X$ is almost homogeneous and $b_2(X) \geq 2$, then $X$ is a projectivised tangent bundle (this was known in the projective case even without assumption on the existence of vector fields). We further show that a global projective deformation of the projectivised tangent bundle over a projective space is again of this type unless it is the projectivisation of a special unstable bundle over a projective space. Examples for these bundles are given in any dimension.
We prove two results relating 3-manifold groups to fundamental groups occurring in complex geometry. Let N be a compact, connected, orientable 3-manifold. If N has non-empty, toroidal boundary, and π_1(N) is a Kaehler group, then N is the product of a torus with an interval. On the other hand, if N has either empty or toroidal boundary, and π_1(N) is a quasi-projective group, then all the prime components of N are graph manifolds.
Given an action of a complex reductive Lie group G on a normal variety X, we show that every analytically Zariski-open subset of X admitting an analytic Hilbert quotient with projective quotient space is given as the set of semistable points with respect to some G-linearised Weil divisor on X. Applying this result to Hamiltonian actions on algebraic varieties we prove that semistability with respect to a momentum map is equivalent to GIT-semistability in the sense of Mumford and Hausen. It follows that the number of compact momentum map quotients of a given algebraic Hamiltonian G-variety is f…
We show there is a symplectic conifold transition of a projective 3-fold which is not deformation equivalent to any Kaehler manifold. The key ingredient is Mori's classification of extremal rays on smooth projective 3-folds. It follows that there is a Lagrangian sphere in a projective variety which is not the vanishing cycle of any Kaehler degeneration, answering a question of Donaldson.
The paper studies the deformation theory of a holomorphic surjective map from a normal compact complex space to a compact Kaehler manifold and describes the component of the space of holomorphic maps, generalizing results in the projective case by Kebekus and the authors.
We investigate algebraicity properties of quotients of complex spaces by complex reductive Lie groups G. We obtain a projectivity result for compact momentum map quotients of algebraic G-varieties. Furthermore, we prove equivariant versions of Kodaira's Embedding Theorem and Chow's Theorem relative to an analytic Hilbert quotient. Combining these results we derive an equivariant algebraisation theorem for complex spaces with projective quotient.
A singular Moishezon space is not projective even if it is Kaehler. This paper gives a projectivity criterion for Kaehler Moishezon spaces. We shall use this projectivity criterion to show the density of projective symplectic varieties in the Kuranishi family of a (singular) symplectic variety.
We prove the existence of a Mori contraction on a compact Kaehler threefold whose canonical bundle is (analytically) not nef if the threefold can be approximated by projective threefolds or if the algebraic dimension is 2.
We show that many spin 6-manifolds have the homotopy type but not the homeomorphism type of a Kaehler manifold. Moreover, for given Betti numbers, there are only finitely many deformation types and hence topological types of smooth complex projectve spin threefolds of general type. Finally, on a fixed spin 6-manifold, the Chern numbers take on only finitely many values on all possible Kaehler structures.
In this expository paper (Bourbaki talk) we survey results of Claire Voisin showing that there exist compact Kaehler manifolds which are not homeomorphic to any projective manifold.
We present a classification of compact Kaehler manifolds admitting a hamiltonian 2-form (which were classified locally in part I of this work). This involves two components of independent interest. The first is the notion of a rigid hamiltonian torus action. This natural condition, for torus actions on a Kaehler manifold, was introduced locally in part I, but such actions turn out to be remarkably well behaved globally, leading to a fairly explicit classification: up to a blow-up, compact Kaehler manifolds with a rigid hamiltonian torus action are bundles of toric Kaehler manifolds. The second…
Let X be a compact Kaehler threefold such that the base of the MRC-fibration has dimension two. We prove that X is bimeromorphic to a Mori fibre space. Together with our earlier result arXiv:1304.4013 this completes the MMP for compact Kaehler threefolds: let X be a non-projective compact Kaehler threefold. Then X has a minimal model or X is bimeromorphic to a Mori fibre space over a non-projective Kaehler surface.
Summary: The Hodge conjecture asks whether rational Hodge classes on a smooth projective manifolds are generated by the classes of algebraic subsets, or equivalently by Chern classes of coherent sheaves. On a compact Kaehler manifold, Hodge conjecture is known to be false if algebraic subsets are replaced with analytic subsets. Here we show that it is even false that for a Kaehler manifold, Hodge classes are generated by Chern classes of coherent sheaves. We also show that finite free resolution do not in general exist for coherent sheaves on compact Kaehler manifolds.
This paper concerns the explicit construction of extremal Kaehler metrics on total spaces of projective bundles, which have been studied in many places. We present a unified approach, motivated by the theory of hamiltonian 2-forms (as introduced and studied in previous papers in the series) but this paper is largely independent of that theory. We obtain a characterization, on a large family of projective bundles, of those `admissible' Kaehler classes (i.e., the ones compatible with the bundle structure in a way we make precise) which contain an extremal Kaehler metric. In many cases, such as o…
Based on recent work of S. K. Donaldson and T. Mabuchi, we prove that any extremal Kaehler metric in the sense of E. Calabi, defined on the product of polarized compact complex projective manifolds is the product of extremal Kaehler metrics on each factor, provided that the integral Futaki invariants of the polarized manifold vanish or its automorphism group satisfies a constraint. This extends a result of S.-T. Yau about the splitting of a Kaehler-Einstein metric on the product of compact complex manifolds to the more general setting of extremal Kaehler metrics.
We consider a compact Kaehler manifold whose dual Kaehler cone contains a rational interior point. The general problem we have in mind is how far the manifold is from being projective; i.e. we ask for the algebraic dimension. We prove e.g. that if the interior point is represented by an effective curve in dimension 3, then the manifold has algebraic dimension at least 2 unless the variety is a so-called simple non-Kummer 3-fold. We also investigate 3-folds containing curves with ample normal bundle. It seems likely that examples with algebraic dimension 2 really exist.
We consider the moduli space MN of flat unitary connections on an open Kaehler manifold U (complement of a divisor with normal crossings) with restrictions on their monodromy transformations. Using intersection and L2 cohomologies with degenerating coefficients we construct a natural symplectic form F on MN. When U is quasi-projective we prove that F is actually a Kaehler form.
We define the C^*-action on moduli spaces of reductive representations of fundamental groups of quasi-compact Kaehler manifolds by solving Hermitian-Yang-Mills equation. As applications in algebraic geometry we show a non-abelian Hodge (p,q)-type theorem for families of quasi-projective manifolds. We also prove that any discrete sub group of a Lie group of rank >1 that is not of Hodge type can't be the fundamental group of a quasi-compact Kaehler manifold.
The aim of this paper is to study the pro-algebraic fundamental group of a compact Kaehler manifold. Following work by Simpson, the structure of this group's pro-reductive quotient is already well understood. We show that Hodge-theoretic methods can also be used to establish that the pro-unipotent radical is quadratically presented. This generalises both Deligne et al.'s result on the de Rham fundamental group, and Goldman and Millson's result on deforming representations of Kaehler groups, and can be regarded as a consequence of formality of the schematic homotopy type. New examples are given…
We investigate differential geometric aspects of moduli spaces parametrizing solutions of coupled vortex equations over a compact Kaehler manifold X. These solutions are known to be related to polystable triples via a Kobayashi-Hitchin type correspondence. Using a characterization of infinitesimal deformations in terms of the cohomology of a certain elliptic double complex, we construct a Hermitian structure on these moduli spaces. This Hermitian structure is proved to be Kaehler. The proof involves establishing a fiber integral formula for the Hermitian form. We compute the curvature tensor o…
We prove that any compact complex surface with positive first Chern class admits an Einstein metric which is conformally related to a Kaehler metric. The key new ingredient is the existence of such a metric on the blow-up of the complex projective plane at two distinct points.
These are lecture notes of a course given in Pisa, SNS, in february 2002. They provide a classification of holomorphic foliations of nongeneral type on compact Kaehler surfaces.
Let M be a compact Riemannian manifold equipped with a parallel differential form ω. We prove a version of Kaehler identities in this setting. This is used to show that the de Rham algebra of M is weakly equivalent to its subquotient $(H^*_c(M), d)$, called {\bf the pseudocohomology} of M. When M is compact and Kaehler and ωis its Kaehler form, $(H^*_c(M), d)$ is isomorphic to the cohomology algebra of M. This gives another proof of homotopy formality for Kaehler manifolds, originally shown by Deligne, Griffiths, Morgan and Sullivan. We compute $H^i_c(M)$ for a compact G_2-manifold, showing th…
We study the homotopy types of spaces of algebraic (rational) maps from real projective spaces into complex projective spaces. In a previous paper we have shown that the inclusion of the first space into the second one is a homotopy equivalence. In this paper we prove that the homotopy types of the terms of the natural "degree" filtration approximate closer and closer the homotopy type of the space of continuous maps and obtain bounds that describe the closeness of the approximation in terms of the degree. Moreover, we compute the homotopy groups of the spaces in low dimensions.
We determine the structure of the Hodge ring, a natural object encoding the Hodge numbers of all compact Kaehler manifolds. As a consequence of this structure, there are no unexpected relations among the Hodge numbers, and no essential differences between the Hodge numbers of smooth complex projective varieties and those of arbitrary Kaehler manifolds. The consideration of certain natural ideals in the Hodge ring allows us to determine exactly which linear combinations of Hodge numbers are birationally invariant, and which are topological invariants. Combining the Hodge and unitary bordism rin…
We introduce the notion of a hamiltonian 2-form on a Kaehler manifold and obtain a complete local classification. This notion appears to play a pivotal role in several aspects of Kaehler geometry. In particular, on any Kaehler manifold with co-closed Bochner tensor, the (suitably normalized) Ricci form is hamiltonian, and this leads to an explicit description of these Kaehler metrics, which we call weakly Bochner-flat. Hamiltonian 2-forms draw attention to a general construction of Kaehler metrics which interpolates between toric geometry and Calabi-like constructions of metrics on (projective…
The purpose of this paper is to generalise Sullivan's rational homotopy theory to non-nilpotent spaces, providing an alternative approach to defining Toen's schematic homotopy types over any field k of characteristic zero. New features include an explicit description of homotopy groups using the Maurer-Cartan equations, convergent spectral sequences comparing schematic homotopy groups with cohomology of the universal semisimple local system, and a generalisation of the Baues-Lemaire conjecture. For compact Kaehler manifolds, the schematic homotopy groups can be described explicitly in terms of…
Let X be a complex projective variety of dimension n with only isolated normal singularities. In this paper we prove, using mixed Hodge theory, that if the link of each singular point of X is (n-2)-connected, then X is a formal topological space. This result applies to a large class of examples, such as normal surface singularities, varieties with ordinary multiple points, hypersurfaces with isolated singularities and more generally, complete intersections with isolated singularities. We obtain analogous results for contractions of subvarieties.
We prove analogs of Whitehead's theorem (from algebraic topology) for both the Chow groups and for the Grothendieck group of coherent sheaves: a morphism between smooth projective varieties whose pushforward is an isomorphism on the Chow groups, or on the Grothendieck group of coherent sheaves, is an isomorphism. As a corollary, we show that there are no nontrivial naive $\mathbb{A}^1$-homotopy equivalences between smooth projective varieties.
Voisin constructed a series of examples concerning simply connected compact Kähler manifolds of even dimensions, which do not have the rational homotopy type of a complex projective manifold starting from dimension six. In this note, we prove that Voisin's examples of dimension four also does not have the rational homotopy type of a complex projective manifold. Oguiso constructed simply connected compact Kähler manifolds starting from dimension four, which can not deform to a complex projective manifold under a small deformation. We also prove that Oguiso's examples do not have the rational ho…
We present numerical homotopy continuation algorithms for solving systems of equations on a variety in the presence of a finite Khovanskii basis. These take advantage of Anderson's flat degeneration to a toric variety. When Anderson's degeneration embeds into projective space, our algorithm is a special case of a general toric two-step homotopy algorithm. When Anderson's degeneration is embedded in a weighted projective space, we explain how to lift to a projective space and construct an appropriate modification of the toric homotopy. Our algorithms are illustrated on several examples using Ma…
We study holomorphic 2-forms on projective (or compact Kaehler) threefolds not of general type and prove that in almost all cases the 2-form is created by some standard process. This means roughly that every 2-form is induced by a meromorphic map to a surface, a torus or a symplectic manifold. If the 2-form has only finitely many zeroes, more precise results hold. Finally we prove that compact Kaehler threefolds with negative Kodaira dimension are uniruled unles they are simple, i.e. there is no positive dimensional compact subvariety through the general point of the manifold (these simple thr…
In this work we use Hodge theoretic methods to study homotopy types of complex projective manifolds with arbitrary fundamental groups. The main tool we use is the \textit{schematization functor} $X \mapsto (X\otimes \mathbb{C})^{sch}$, introduced by the third author as a substitute for the rationalization functor in homotopy theory in the case of non-simply connected spaces. Our main result is the construction of a \textit{Hodge decomposition} on $(X\otimes\mathbb{C})^{sch}$. This Hodge decomposition is encoded in an action of the discrete group $\mathbb{C}^{\times δ}$ on the object $(X\otimes…
By the quantization condition compact quantizable Kaehler manifolds can be embedded into projective space. In this way they become projective varieties. The quantum Hilbert space of the Berezin-Toeplitz quantization (and of the geometric quantization) is the projective coordinate ring of the embedded manifold. This allows for generalization to the case of singular varieties. The set-up is explained in the first part of the contribution. The second part of the contribution is of tutorial nature. Necessary notions, concepts, and results of algebraic geometry appearing in this approach to quantiz…
Symmetric powers of quasi-projective schemes can be extended, in terms of left Kan extensions, to geometric symmetric powers of motivic spaces. In this paper, we study geometric symmetric powers and compare with various symmetric powers in the unstable and stable motivic homotopy category of schemes over a field.
Let N a compact complex submanifold of a compact complex manifold M. We say N splits in M, if the holomorphic tangent bundle sequence splits holomorphically. By a result of Mok a splitting submanifold of a Kaehler Einstein manifold with a projective structure is totally geodesic. The classification of all splitting submanifolds of families of fake elliptic curves given here completes the case of threefolds M with a projective structure by a previous result of the authors.
This is the third paper in a series. In part I we developed a deformation theory of objects in homotopy and derived categories of DG categories. Here we show how this theory can be used to study deformations of objects in homotopy and derived categories of abelian categories. Then we consider examples from (noncommutative) algebraic geometry. In particular, we study noncommutative Grassmanians that are true noncommutative moduli spaces of structure sheaves of projective subspaces in projective spaces.
We study matrix factorizations of locally free coherent sheaves on a scheme. For a scheme that is projective over an affine scheme, we show that homomorphisms in the homotopy category of matrix factorizations may be computed as the hypercohomology of a certain mapping complex. Using this explicit description, we give another proof of Orlov's theorem that there is a fully faithful embedding of the homotopy category of matrix factorizations into the singularity category of the corresponding zero subscheme. We also give a complete description of the image of this functor.
In this work we shall introduce a new model structure on the category of pro-simplicial sheaves, which is very convenient for the study of étale homotopy. Using this model structure we define a pro-space associated to a topos, as a result of applying a derived functor. We show that our construction lifts Artin and Mazur's étale homotopy type [AM] in the relevant special case. Our definition extends naturally to a relative notion, namely, a pro-object associated to a map of topoi. This relative notion lifts the relative étale homotopy type that was used in [HaSc] for the study of obstructions t…
We construct an explicit homotopy formula for the d-bar complex on a complete intersection subvariety V in CP^n. This formula can be interpreted as a Hodge-type decomposition for residual currents on V.
We construct a log algebraic version of the homotopy sequence for a quasi-projective normal crossing log variety over a log point of characteristic zero and prove some exactness properties of it. Our proofs are purely algebraic.
For arbitrary quantizable compact Kaehler manifolds, relations between the geometry given by the coherent states based on the manifold and the algebraic (projective) geometry realised via the coherent state mapping into projective space, are studied. Polar divisors, formulas relating the scalar products of coherent vectors on the manifold with the corresponding scalar products on projective space (Cauchy formulas), two-point, three-point and more generally cyclic m-point functions are discussed. The three-point function is related to the shape invariant of geodesic triangles in projective spac…
A homotopical treatment of intersection cohomology recently developed by Chataur-Saralegui-Tanré associates a "perverse algebraic model" to every topological pseudomanifold, extending Sullivan's presentation of rational homotopy to intersection cohomology. In this context, there is a notion of "intersection-formality", measuring the vanishing of Massey products in intersection cohomology. In the present paper, we study the perverse algebraic model of complex projective varieties with isolated singularities. We endow such invariant with natural mixed Hodge structures. This allows us to prove so…
For every compact Kaehler manifold we give a canonical extension of Griffith's period map to generalized deformations, intended as solutions of Maurer-Cartan equation in the algebra of polyvector fields. Our construction involves the notion of Cartan homotopy and a canonical L-infinity structure on mapping cones of morphisms of differential graded Lie algebras.
The existence of a vector field on a compact Kaehler manifold with nonempty zero locus and the properties of this zero locus strongly influence the geometry of the manifold. For example, J. Wahl proved that the existence of a vector field vanishing on an ample divisor of a projective normal variety X implies that X is a cone over this divisor. If X is smooth, X will be isomorphic to the n-dimensional projective space. This paper is a first attempt to generalize Wahl's theorem to higher codimensions: Given a complex smooth projective threefold X and a vector field on X vanishing on an irreducib…
The goal of this paper is to reveal hidden structures on the singular cohomology and the Griffiths period integral of a smooth projective hypersurface in terms of BV(Batalin-Vilkovisky) algebras and homotopy Lie theory (so called, $L_\infty$-homotopy theory). Let $X_G$ be a smooth projective hypersurface in the complex projective space $\mathbf{P}^n$ defined by a homogeneous polynomial $G(\underline x)$ of degree $d \geq 1$. Let $\mathbb{H}=H^{n-1}_{\operatorname{prim}}(X_G, \mathbb{C})$ be the middle dimensional primitive cohomology of $X_G$. We explicitly construct a BV algebra $\mathbf{B\!\…
Let $X$ a complex projective variety of complex dimension $n$ with only isolated singularities of simply connected links. We show that we can endow the rational cohomology of the family of the $\overline{p}$-perverse intersection spaces $\{ I^{\overline{p}}X \}$ with compatible mixed Hodge structures.
A famous conjecture attributed to Kodaira asks whether any compact Kaehler manifold can be approximated by projective manifolds. We confirm this conjecture on projectivized direct sums of three line bundles on three-dimensional complex tori which appears rather surprising in view of expected dimensions of certain families of tori. We also discuss possible counter examples.
For each integer n\ge 2, we construct an irreducible, smooth, complex projective variety M of dimension n, whose fundamental group has infinitely generated homology in degree n+1 and whose universal cover is a Stein manifold, homotopy equivalent to an infinite bouquet of n-dimensional spheres. This non-finiteness phenomenon is also reflected in the fact that the homotopy group π_n(M), viewed as a module over Zπ_1(M), is free of infinite rank. As a result, we give a negative answer to a question of Koll'ar on the existence of quasi-projective classifying spaces (up to commensurability) for the …
Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, and let f be a morphism of smooth projective varieties from X to Y over the ring k((t)) of formal Laurent series. We prove that if a general geometric fiber of f is rationally connected, then the Berkovich analytifications of X and Y are homotopy equivalent. Two important consequences of this result are that the homotopy type of the Berkovich analytification of any smooth projective variety X over k((t)) is a birational invariant of X, and that the Berkovich analytification of a rationally connected smooth projective variety over k((t…
