We recently constructed examples of compact Kaeler manifolds which do not have the homotopy type of a projective complex manifold. They were however obtained by blowing-up certain complex tori, which are themselves deformation equivalent to complex projective manifolds. Thus it remained possible that in higher dimension, a birational version of Kodaira's theorem still holds. We construct however in this paper compact Kaehler manifolds, no birational model of which has the homotopy type of a projective manifold.
The paper studies the deformation theory of a holomorphic surjective map from a normal compact complex space to a compact Kaehler manifold and describes the component of the space of holomorphic maps, generalizing results in the projective case by Kebekus and the authors.
In this expository paper (Bourbaki talk) we survey results of Claire Voisin showing that there exist compact Kaehler manifolds which are not homeomorphic to any projective manifold.
In this paper we prove that for a nonsingular projective variety of dimension at most 4 and with non-negative Kodaira dimension, the Kodaira dimension of coherent subsheaves of $Ω^p$ is bounded from above by the Kodaira dimension of the variety. This implies the finiteness of the fundamental group for such an $X$ provided that $X$ has vanishing Kodaira dimension and non-trivial holomorphic Euler characteristic.
We determine the Kodaira dimension of the moduli space of even spin curves for all genera, with one possible exception: The scheme S_g has negative Kodaira dimension for g<8 and it is of general type for g>8. The Kodaira dimension of S_8 is non-negative.
We show, using [14], that a smooth projective fibration f : X $\rightarrow$ Y between connected complex quasi-projective manifolds satisfies the equality $κ$(X) = $κ$(X y) + $κ$(Y) of Logarithmic Kodaira dimensions if its fibres X y admit a good minimal model. Without the last assumption, this was conjectured in [11]. Several cases are established in [13], which inspired the present text. Although the present results overlap with those of [13] in the projective case, the approach here is different, based on the r{ô}le played by birationally isotrivial fibrations, special manifolds and the core…
We show that in every dimension greater than or equal to 4, there exist compact Kaehler manifolds which do not have the homotopy type of projective complex manifolds. Thus they a fortiori are not deformation equivalent to a projective manifold, which solves negatively Kodaira's problem. We give both non simply connected (of dimension at least 4) and simply connected (of dimension at least 6) such examples.
A generically generated vector bundle on a smooth projective variety yields a rational map to a Grassmannian, called Kodaira map. We answer a previous question, raised by the asymptotic behaviour of such maps, giving rise to a birational characterization of abelian varieties. In particular we prove that, under the conjectures of the Minimal Model Program, a smooth projective variety is birational to an abelian variety if and only if it has Kodaira dimension 0 and some symmetric power of its cotangent sheaf is generically generated by its global sections.
We investigate algebraicity properties of quotients of complex spaces by complex reductive Lie groups G. We obtain a projectivity result for compact momentum map quotients of algebraic G-varieties. Furthermore, we prove equivariant versions of Kodaira's Embedding Theorem and Chow's Theorem relative to an analytic Hilbert quotient. Combining these results we derive an equivariant algebraisation theorem for complex spaces with projective quotient.
This is the first of a series of papers, in which we study the plurigenera, the Kodaira dimension and more generally the Iitaka dimension on compact almost complex manifolds. Based on the Hodge theory on almost complex manifolds, we introduce the plurigenera, Kodaira dimension and Iitaka dimension on compact almost complex manifolds. We show that the plurigenera and the Kodaira dimension as well as the irregularity are birational invariants in almost complex category, at least in dimension $4$, where a birational morphism is defined to be a degree one pseudoholomorphic map. However, they are n…
A famous conjecture attributed to Kodaira asks whether any compact Kaehler manifold can be approximated by projective manifolds. We confirm this conjecture on projectivized direct sums of three line bundles on three-dimensional complex tori which appears rather surprising in view of expected dimensions of certain families of tori. We also discuss possible counter examples.
We prove that for any smooth complex projective threefold of Kodaira dimension one, the $m$-th pluricanonical map is birational to the Iitaka fibration for every $m\geq5868$ and divisible by $12$.
We discuss the birational geometry and the Kodaira dimension of certain varieties previously constructed by Schreieder, proving that in any dimension they admit an elliptic fibration and they are not of general type. The $l$-dimensional variety $Y_n^l$, which is the quotient of the product of a certain curve $C_n$ by itself $l$ times by a group $G\simeq\left(\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}\right)^{l-1}$ of automorphisms, was constructed by Schreieder to obtain varieties with prescribed Hodge numbers. If $n=3^c$ Schreieder constructed an explicit smooth birational model of it, and Flapan proved: the Kod…
We prove that for every compact Kähler manifold $X$ there exists an $L$-infinity morphism, lifting the usual cup product in cohomology, from the Kodaira-Spencer differential graded Lie algebra to the suspension of the space of linear endomorphisms of the singular cohomology of $X$. As a consequence we get an algebraic proof of the principle ``obstructions to deformations of compact Kaehler manifolds annihilate ambient cohomology''.
In this paper we analyse the birational geometry of O'Grady ten dimensional manifolds, giving a characterisation of Kaehler classes and lagrangian fibrations. Moreover, we study symplectic compactifications of intermediate jacobian fibrations of smooth cubic fourfolds.
This is an attempt towards the understanding of the (birational) Kaehler cone of a compact hyperkaehler manifold in terms of the Beauville-Bogomolov form on its second cohomology. We discuss birational correspondences between hyperkaehler manifolds and their effects on the cohomology. Many of the results are conjectural in as much as they depend on a projectivity criterion for compact hyperkaehler manifolds contained in this paper's predecessor, but in which a serious mistake has oocured. An erratum is given in Sect. 6 and a way to rescue the approach is proposed in Sect. 7.
For compact complex surfaces (M^4, J) of Kaehler type, it was previously shown that the sign of the Yamabe invariant Y(M) only depends on the Kodaira dimension Kod (M, J). In this paper, we prove that this pattern in fact extends to all compact complex surfaces except those of class VII. In the process, we give a simplified proof of a result that explains why the exclusion of class VII is essential here.
The principle "ambient cohomology of a Kaehler manifold annihilates obstructions" has been known and exploited since pioneering work of Kodaira. This paper extends and unifies many known results in two contexts, abstract deformations of compact Kaehler manifolds and deformations of submanifolds within a given deformation of the ambient manifold.
The starting point of this note is our recent paper with Laza and Saccà on the construction of deformations of O'Grady's $10$-dimensional manifolds as compactifications of intermediate Jacobian fibrations associated to cubic fourfolds. The note provides a complement to that paper consisting in the analogous construction in the twisted case, leading to isogenous but presumably not isomorphic or birational hyper-Kähler manifolds.
We compute the Kodaira dimension of the universal Picard variety P_{d,g} parameterizing line bundles of degree d on curves of genus g under the assumption that (d-g+1,2g-2)=1. We also give partial results for arbitrary degrees d and we investigate for which degrees the universal Picard varieties are birational.
We make a very detailed analysis of the numerical properties of effective divisors whose support is contained in the exceptional locus of a birational morphism of smooth projective surfaces. As an application we extend Miyaoka's inequality on the number of canonical singularities on a projective normal surface with non-negative Kodaira dimension to the non minimal case, obtaining a slightly better result than known extensions by Megyesi and Langer.
We extend some of the results obtained for subvarieties of the moduli stack of canonically polarized manifolds in "Base spaces of non-isotrivial families of smooth minimal models" (math.AG/0103122) to moduli of polarized minimal models of Kodaira dimension zero. To this aim we first show that for those manifolds there are no non isotrivial families of minimal models, which are birationally isotrivial. In the last chapter, we discuss the rigidity of curves in the moduli stack of canonically polarized manifolds and of polarized minimal models of Kodaira dimension zero.
We study the Fourier--Mukai numbers of rational elliptic surfaces. As its application, we give an example of a pair of minimal 3-folds with Kodaira dimensions 1, $h^1(\mc O)=h^2(\mc O)=0$ such that they are mutually derived equivalent, deformation equivalent, but not birationally equivalent. It also supplies a counterexample of the birational Torelli problem.
Awfully idiosyncratic lecture notes from CMI summer school in arithmetic geometry July 31-August 4, 2006. Does not include: rationality problems, techniques of the minimal model problem and much of the rest. Includes: Lecture 0: geometry and arithmetic of curves Lecture 1: Kodaira dimension and properties, rational connectendess, Lang's and Campana's conjectures. Lecture 2: Campana's program; Campana constellations framed in terms of b-divisors, to allow for a definition of Kodaira dimension directly on the base. A speculative notion of firmaments which may deserve further investigation, espec…
A locally conformally Kaehler (LCK) manifold is a complex manifold admitting a Kaehler covering M, with monodromy acting on M by Kaehler homotheties. A compact LCK manifold is Vaisman if it admits a holomorphic flow acting by non-trivial homotheties on M. We prove a non-Kaehler analogue of Kodaira embedding theorem: any compact Vaisman manifold admits a natural holomorphic immersion to a Hopf manifold. As an application, we obtain that any Sasakian manifold has a contact immersion to an odd-dimensional sphere.
We classify compact complex surfaces whose groups of bimeromorphic selfmaps have bounded finite subgroups. We also prove that the stabilizer of a point in the automorphism group of a compact complex surface of zero Kodaira dimension, as well as the stabilizer of a point in the automorphism group of an arbitrary compact Kaehler manifold of non-negative Kodaira dimension, always has bounded finite subgroups.
Let $\kk$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero and $\KK$ a finitely generated field over $\kk$. Let $Σ$ be a central simple $\KK$-algebra, $X$ a normal projective model of $\KK$ and $Λ$ a sheaf of maximal $\Osh_X$-orders in $Σ$. There is a ramification $\QQ$-divisor $Δ$ on $X$, which is related to the canonical bimodule $ω_Λ$ by an adjunction formula. It only depends on the class of $Σ$ in the Brauer group of $\KK$. When the numerical abundance conjecture holds true, or when $Σ$ is a central simple algebra, we show that the Gelfand-Kirillov dimension (or GK dimension) of the…
We determine the structure of the Hodge ring, a natural object encoding the Hodge numbers of all compact Kaehler manifolds. As a consequence of this structure, there are no unexpected relations among the Hodge numbers, and no essential differences between the Hodge numbers of smooth complex projective varieties and those of arbitrary Kaehler manifolds. The consideration of certain natural ideals in the Hodge ring allows us to determine exactly which linear combinations of Hodge numbers are birationally invariant, and which are topological invariants. Combining the Hodge and unitary bordism rin…
The classification of class VII surfaces is a very difficult classical problem in complex geometry. It is considered by experts to be the most important gap in the Enriques-Kodaira classification table for complex surfaces. The standard conjecture concerning this problem states that any minimal class VII surface with $b_2>0$ has $b_2$ curves. By the results of Kato, Nakamura and Dloussky/Oeljeklaus/Toma, this conjecture (if true) would solve this classification problem completely. We explain a new approach (based on techniques from Donaldson theory) to prove existence of curves on class VII su…
We study holomorphic 2-forms on projective (or compact Kaehler) threefolds not of general type and prove that in almost all cases the 2-form is created by some standard process. This means roughly that every 2-form is induced by a meromorphic map to a surface, a torus or a symplectic manifold. If the 2-form has only finitely many zeroes, more precise results hold. Finally we prove that compact Kaehler threefolds with negative Kodaira dimension are uniruled unles they are simple, i.e. there is no positive dimensional compact subvariety through the general point of the manifold (these simple thr…
We show that the Kahler-Ricci flow on an algebraic manifold of positive Kodaira dimension and semi-ample canonical line bundle converges to a unique canonical metric on its canonical model. It is also shown that there exists a canonical measure of analytic Zariski decomposition on an algebraic manifold of positive Kodaira dimension. Such a canonical measure is unique and invariant under birational transformations under the assumption of the finite generation of canonical rings.
The purpose of this paper is to show how the generic vanishing theorems of M. Green and the second author can be used to settle several questions and conjectures concerning the geometry of irregular complex projective varieties. First, we prove a conjecture of Arbarello and DeConcini characterizing principally polarized abelian varieties whose theta divisors are singular in codimension one. Secondly, we study the holomorphic Euler characteristics of varieties of general type having maximal Albanese dimension: we verify a conjecture of Kollar for subvarieties of abelian varieties, but show that…
In this article we study how the birational geometry of a normal projective variety $X$ is influenced by a normal subvariety $A \subset X.$ One of the most basic examples in this context is provided by the following situation. Let $f:X\to Y$ be a surjective holomorphic map with connected fibers between compact connected complex manifolds. It is well known that given a general fiber $A$ of $f$ we have $$ κ(X)\le κ(A)+\dim Y. $$ This article grew out of the realization that this result should be true with $\dim Y$ replaced by the codimension $\cod_X A$ for a pair $(X,A)$ consisting of a normal s…
An n-dimensional complex manifold M is said to be (holomorphically) dominable by $\CC^n$ if there is a map $F:\CC^n \ra M$ which is holomorphic such that the Jacobian determinant $\det(DF)$ is not identically zero. Such a map F is called a dominating map. In this paper, we attempt to classify algebraic surfaces X which are dominable by $\CC^2$ using a combination of techniques from algebraic topology, complex geometry and analysis. One of the key tools in the study of algebraic surfaces is the notion of Kodaira dimension (defined in section 2). By Kodaira's pioneering work and its extensions, …
Given a (meromorphic) fibration $f:X\to Y$ where $X$ and $Y$ are compact complex manifolds of dimensions $n$ and $m$, we define $L_f$ to be the invertible subsheaf of the sheaf of holomorphic $m$-forms of $X$ given by the saturation of $f^*K_Y$, where $K_Y$ is the canonical sheaf of $Y$. We define the Kodaira dimension of the orbifold base $(Y,f)$ by that of $L_f$ and call the fibration to be of general type if this dimension is the maximal $\dime Y$. We call $X$ special if it does not have a general type fibration with positive dimensional base and call $f$ special if its general fibers are. …
We introduce a new equivalence relation, denoted by $A.Q.E.D.$ (= Algebraic-Quasi-Étale- Deformation) for complete algebraic varieties with canonical singularities: it is generated by birational equivalence, by flat algebraic deformations, and by quasi-étale morphisms, i.e., morphisms which are unramified in codimension $1$. $\C$-Q.E.D is the similar relation for compact complex manifolds and spaces. By a recent theorem of Siu dimension and Kodaira dimension are invariants for $A.Q.E.D.$. The question whether conversely two algebraic varieties of the same dimension and with the same Kodaira di…
We study the algebraic dimension a(X) of a compact hyperkaehler manfold of dimension 2n. We show that a(X) is at most n unless X is projective. If a compact Kaehler manifold with algebraic dimension 0 and Kodaira dimension 0 has a minimal model, then only the values 0,n and 2n are possible. In case of middle dimension, the algebraic reduction is holomorphic Lagrangian. If n = 2, then - without any assumptions - the algebraic dimension only takes the values 0,2 and 4. The paper gives structure results for "generalised hyperkaehler" manifolds and studies nef lines bundles.
Let M be a compact locally conformal hyperkaehler manifold. We prove a version of Kodaira-Nakano vanishing theorem for M. This is used to show that M admits no holomorphic differential forms, and the cohomology of the structure sheaf $H^i(O_M)$ vanishes for i>1. We also prove that the first Betti number of M is 1. This leads to a structure theorem for locally conformally hyperkaehler manifolds, describing them in terms of 3-Sasakian geometry. Similar results are proven for compact Einstein-Weyl locally conformal Kaehler manifolds.
Using the Kodaira dimension and the fundamental group of X, we succeed in classifying algebraic surfaces which are dominable by C^2 except for certain cases in which X is an algebraic surface of Kodaira dimension zero and the case when X is rational without any logarithmic 1-form. More specifically, in the case when X is compact (namely projective), we need to exclude only the case when X is birationally equivalent to a K3 surface (a simply connected compact complex surface which admits a globally non-vanishing holomorphic 2-form) that is neither elliptic nor Kummer. With the exceptions noted …
In the present paper and the companion paper [8] a probabilistic (statistical mechanical) approach to the study of canonical metrics and measures on a complex algebraic variety X is introduced. On any such variety with positive Kodaira dimension a canonical (birationally invariant) random point processes is defined and shown to converge in probability towards a canonical deterministic measure on X, coinciding with the canonical measure of Song-Tian and Tsuji. The proof is based on new large deviation principle for Gibbs measures with singular Hamiltonians which relies on an asymptotic submean …
This article mainly aims to overview the recent efforts on developing algebraic geometry for an arbitrary compact almost complex manifold. We review the results obtained by the guiding philosophy that a statement for smooth maps between smooth manifolds in terms of René Thom's transversality should also have its counterpart in pseudoholomorphic setting without requiring genericity of the almost complex structures. These include intersection of compact almost complex submanifolds, structure of pseudoholomorphic maps, zero locus of certain harmonic forms, and eigenvalues of Laplacian. In additio…
We show that the M-canonical map of an n-dimensional complex projective manifold X of Kodaira dimension two is birational to an Iitaka fibration for a computable positive integer M. M depends on the index b of a general fibre F of the Iitaka fibration and on the Betti number of the canonical covering of F, In particular, M is a universal constant if the dimension n is smaller than or equal to 4.
We recall some properties, unfortunately not all, of the Cremona group. We first begin by presenting a nice proof of the amalgamated product structure of the well-known subgroup of the Cremona group made up of the polynomial automorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^2$. Then we deal with the classification of birational maps and some applications (Tits alternative, non-simplicity...) Since any birational map can be written as a composition of quadratic birational maps up to an automorphism of the complex projective plane, we spend time on these special maps. Some questions of group theory are evoked: the c…
The paper generalizes some of the well-known results for K3 surfaces to higher-dimensional irreducible symplectic (or, equivalently, compact irreducible hyperkaehler) manifolds. In particular, we discuss the projectivity of such manifolds and their ample resp. Kaehler cones. It is proved that the period map surjects any non-empty connected component of the moduli space of marked manifolds onto the corresponding period domain. We also establish an anlogue of the transitivity of the Weyl-action on the set of chambers of a K3 surface. As a converse of a higher-dimensional version of the `Main Lem…
Let $X$ be a smooth complex projective algebraic variety of maximal Albanese dimension. We give a characterization of $κ(X)$ in terms of the set $V^0(X,ω_{X})$ $:=\{P\in {\text{\rm Pic}}^0(X)|h^0(X, ω_X \otimes P) \ne 0\}$. An immediate consequence of this is that the Kodaira dimension $κ(X)$ is invariant under smooth deformations. We then study the pluricanonical maps $ϕ_m:X -> \Bbb{P} (H^0(X,mK_X))$. We prove that if $X$ is of general type, $ϕ_m$ is generically finite for $m\geq 5$ and birational for $m\geq 5 \text{\rm dim} (X) +1$. More generally, we show that for $m\geq 6$ the image of $ϕ_…
