Strictly outer actions of groups and quantum groups
Stefaan Vaes
备注：
Completely rewritten and extended version. In particular, we discuss in detail strictly outer actions of compact and discrete quantum groups on injective factors
发表信息：
Journal für die reine und angewandte Mathematik 578 (2005), 147--184.
An action of a locally compact group or quantum group on a factor is said to be strictly outer when the relative commutant of the factor in the crossed product is trivial. We show that all locally compact quantum groups can act strictly outerly on a free Araki-Woods factor and that all locally compact groups can act strictly outerly on the hyperfinite II_1 factor. We define a kind of Connes' T invariant for locally compact quantum groups and prove a link with the possibility of acting strictly outerly on a factor with a given T invariant. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of strictly outer actions of compact Kac algebras on the hyperfinite II_1 factor are given.
We give a complete classification up to cocycle conjugacy of uniformly outer actions of Z^2 on UHF algebras. In particular, it is shown that any two uniformly outer actions of Z^2 on a UHF algebra of infinite type are cocycle conjugate. We also classify them up to outer conjugacy.
We show that for any prime p and for any II$_1$ factor N there exist two $mathbb{Z}_{p^2}$-- actions on the free product factor $*_{1} ^{p}N$ that have the same outer invariant but are not outer conjugate. Therefore, in the case of free product factors, the outer invariant is not a complete invariant for outer conjugacy.
We classify outer actions (or $\mathscr{G}$-kernels) of discrete amenable groupoids on injective factors. Our method based on unified approach for classification of discrete amenable groups actions, and cohomology reduction theorem of discrete amenable equivalence relations. We do not use Katayama-Takesaki type resolution group approach.
We consider a certain class of unital simple stably finite C^*-algebras which absorb the Jiang-Su algebra Z tensorially. Under a mild assumption, we show that the crossed product of a C^*-algebra in this class by a strongly outer action of Z^N or a finite group is Z-stable. As an application, we also prove that all strongly outer actions of Z^2 on Z are mutually cocycle conjugate.
Mimicking a recent article of Stefaan Vaes, in which was proved that every locally compact quantum group can act outerly, we prove that we get the same result for measured quantum groupoids, with an appropriate definition of outer actions of measured quantum groupoids. This result is used to show that every measured quantum groupoid can be found from some depth 2 inclusion of von Neumann algebras.
We consider a crossed product of a unital simple separable nuclear stably finite Z-stable C*-algebra A by a strongly outer cocycle action of a discrete countable amenable group Γ. Under the assumption that A has finitely many extremal tracial states and Γis elementary amenable, we show that the twisted crossed product C*-algebra is Z-stable. As an application, we also prove that all strongly outer cocycle actions of the Klein bottle group on Z are cocycle conjugate to each other. This is the first classification result for actions of non-abelian infinite groups on stably finite C*-algebras.
We examine the ideal structure of crossed products B\rtimes G where B is a continuous-trace C*-algebra and the induced action of G on the spectrum of B is proper. In particular, we are able to obtain a concrete description of the topology on the spectrum of the crossed product in the cases where either G is discrete or G is a Lie group acting smoothly on the spectrum of B.
In this last article of the series on outer actions of a countable dicrete amenable group on AFD factors, we analyze outer actions of a countable discrete free abelian group on an AFD factor of type $\text{III}_λ$, $0<λ< 1$, and compute outer conjugacy invariants. As a byproduct, we discover the asymmetrization technique for coboundary condition on a $\Bbb T$-valued cocycle of a torsion free abelian group, which might have been known by the group cohomologists. As the asymmetrization technique gives us a very handy criteria for coboundaries, we present it here in detail in the second section.
In this paper we study actions of locally compact quantum groups on von Neumann algebras and prove that every action has a canonical unitary implementation, paralleling Haagerup's classical result on the unitary implementation of a locally compact group action. This result is an important tool in the study of quantum groups in action. We will use it in this paper to study subfactors and inclusions of von Neumann algebras. When alpha is an action of a locally compact quantum group on the von Neumann algebra N we can give necessary and sufficient conditions under which the inclusion of the fixed…
We show that for any countable discrete maximally almost periodic group $G$ and any UHF algebra $A$, there exists a strongly outer product type action $α$ of $G$ on $A$. We also show the existence of countable discrete almost abelian group actions with a certain Rokhlin property on the universal UHF algebra. Consequently we get many examples of unital separable simple nuclear $C^*$-algebras with tracial rank zero and a unique tracial state appearing as crossed products.
We extend the classicial notion of an outer action $α$ of a group $G$ on a unital ring $A$ to the case when $α$ is a partial action on ideals, all of which have local units. We show that if $α$ is an outer partial action of an abelian group $G$, then its associated partial skew group ring $A \star_αG$ is simple if and only if $A$ is $G$-simple. This result is applied to partial skew group rings associated with two different types of partial dynamical systems.
To study outer actions $\a$ of a group $G$ on a factor $\sM$ of type {\threel}, $0<\la<1$, we study first the cohomology group of a group with the unitary group of an abelian {\vna} as a coefficient group and establish a technique to reduce the coefficient group to the torus $\T$ by the Shapiro mechanism based on the groupoid approach. We then show a functorial construction of outer actions of a {\cdag} on an AFD factor of type {\threel}, sharpening the result in \cite{KtT2: \S4}. The periodicity of the flow of weights on a factor $\sM$ of type {\threel} allows us to introduce an equivariant c…
We show that every non-amenable free product of groups admits free ergodic probability measure preserving actions which have relative property (T) in the sense of S.-Popa \cite[Def. 4.1]{Pop06}. There are uncountably many such actions up to orbit equivalence and von Neumann equivalence, and they may be chosen to be conjugate to any prescribed action when restricted to the free factors. We exhibit also, for every non-amenable free product of groups, free ergodic probability measure preserving actions whose associated equivalence relation has trivial outer automorphisms group. This gives in part…
We associate a cohomological invariant to each outer action of a group on a factor, and classify them by the invariant in the case that the group is a countable discrete amenable group and the factor is appoximately finite dimensional. The invariant defined for the group Out(M)=Aut(M)/Int(M) is called the intrinsic modular obstruction. The invariant for an outer action alpha is given as the pull back of the intrinsic modular obstruction, which is called the modular obstruction of alpha and denoted by Ob_m(alpha). This is the first part of the theory and presents general theory. In the case tha…
We will show the uniqueness of outer coactions of finite groups on the AFD factor of type II$_1$ along the arguments by Connes, Jones and Ocneanu. Namely, we construct the infinite tensor product type action, adopt it as the model action, and prove that any outer coaction is conjugate to the model action.
Let $A$ be a separable, unital, simple, $\mathcal{Z}$-stable, nuclear $C^*$-algebra, and let $α\colon G\to \mathrm{Aut}(A)$ be an action of a discrete, countable, amenable group. Suppose that the orbits of the action of $G$ on $T(A)$ are finite and that their cardinality is bounded. We show that $α$ is strongly outer if and only if $α\otimes\mathrm{id}_{\mathcal{Z}}$ has the weak tracial Rokhlin property. If $G$ is moreover residually finite, these conditions are also equivalent to $α\otimes\mathrm{id}_{\mathcal{Z}}$ having finite Rokhlin dimension (in fact, at most 2). If $\partial_eT(A)$ is …
We prove that all strongly outer Z^N-actions on a UHF algebra of infinite type are strongly cocycle conjugate to each other. We also prove that all strongly outer, asymptotically representable Z^N-actions on a unital simple AH algebra with real rank zero, slow dimension growth and finitely many extremal tracial states are cocycle conjugate to each other.
We study strongly outer actions of discrete groups on C*-algebras in relation to (non)amenability. In contrast to related results for amenable groups, where uniqueness of strongly outer actions on the Jiang-Su algebra is expected, we show that uniqueness fails for all nonamenable groups, and that the failure is drastic. Our main result implies that if $G$ contains a copy of the free group, then there exist uncountable many, non-cocycle conjugate strongly outer actions of $G$ on any Jiang-Su stable tracial C*-algebra. Similar conclusions apply for outer actions on McDuff tracial von Neumann alg…
We define a Rohlin property for actions of $Z^{2}$ on UHF algebras and show a noncommutative Rohlin type theorem. Among those actions with the Rohlin property, we classify product type actions up to outer conjugacy. In particular we present two classes of UHF algebras. For UHF algebras in one class, which includes the CAR algebra, there is one and only one outer conjugacy class of product type actions and for UHF algebras in the other class, contrary to the case of actions of $Z$, there are infinitely many outer conjugacy classesof product type actions.
We generalise various non-triviality conditions for group actions to Fell bundles over discrete groups and prove several implications between them. We also study sufficient criteria for the reduced section C*-algebra C_r(B) of a Fell bundle (B_g) to be strongly purely infinite. If the unit fibre A=B_e contains an essential ideal that is separable or of Type I, then the Fell bundle is aperiodic if and only if it is topologically free. If, in addition, G=Z or G=Z/p for a square-free number p, then these equivalent conditions are satisfied if and only if A detects ideals in C_r(B), if and only if…
Let $Λ$ be a countably infinite property (T) group, and let $D$ be UHF-algebra of infinite type. We prove that there exists a continuum of pairwise non (weakly) cocycle conjugate, strongly outer actions of $Λ$ on $D$. The proof consists in assigning, to any second countable abelian pro-$p$ group $G$, a strongly outer action of $Λ$ on $D$ whose (weak) cocycle conjugacy class completely remembers the group $G$. The group $G$ is reconstructed from the action through its (weak) 1-cohomology set endowed with a canonical pairing function. Our construction also shows the following stronger statement:…
Let $A$ be a separable, unital, simple, $\mathcal{Z}$-stable, nuclear $C^*$-algebra, and let $α\colon G\to \mathrm{Aut}(A)$ be an action of a countable amenable group $G$. If the trace space $T(A)$ is a Bauer simplex and the action of $G$ on $\partial_eT(A)$ has finite orbits and Hausdorff orbit space, we show that $α$ is strongly outer if and only if $α\otimes\mathrm{id}_{\mathcal{Z}}$ has the weak tracial Rokhlin property. If $G$ is moreover residually finite, then these conditions are also equivalent to $α\otimes\mathrm{id}_{\mathcal{Z}}$ having finite Rokhlin dimension (in fact, at most 2)…
Let R a be countable ergodic equivalence relation of type II_1 on a standard probability space (X,m). The group Out(R) of outer automorphisms of R consists of all invertible Borel measure preserving maps of the space which map R-classes to R-classes modulo those which preserve almost every R-class. We analyze the group Out(R) for relations R generated by actions of higher rank lattices, providing general conditions on finiteness and triviality of Out(R) and explicitly computing this group for the standard actions. The method is based on Zimmer's superrigidity for measurable cocycles, Ratner's …
We study equivalence relations and II_1 factors associated with (quotients of) generalized Bernoulli actions of Kazhdan groups. Specific families of these actions are entirely classified up to isomorphism of II_1 factors. This yields explicit computations of outer automorphism and fundamental groups. In particular, every finitely presented group is concretely realized as the outer automorphism group of a continuous family of non stably isomorphic II_1 factors.
We show an equivariant Kirchberg-Phillips-type absorption theorem for pointwise outer actions of discrete amenable groups on Kirchberg algebras with respect to natural model actions on the Cuntz algebras $\mathcal{O}_\infty$ and $\mathcal{O}_2$. This generalizes results known for finite groups and poly-$\mathbb{Z}$ groups. The model actions are shown to be determined, up to strong cocycle conjugacy, by natural abstract properties, which are verified for some examples of actions arising from tensorial shifts. We also show the following homotopy rigidity result, which may be understood as a prec…
We continue our study of the outer Pinsker factor for probability measure-preserving actions of sofic groups. Using the notion of doubly quenched convergence developed by Austin, we prove that in many cases the outer Pinsker factor of a product action is the product of the outer Pinsker factors. Our results are parallel to those of Seward for Rohklin entropy. We use these Pinsker products formulas to show that for many actions of a sofic group G on X where X is a compact group and the action is by automorphism, the (measurable) outer Pinsker factor of the action of G on X is given as a quotien…
Toward the complete classification of poly-$\mathbb{Z}$ group actions on Kirchberg algebras, we prove several fundamental theorems that are used in the classification. In addition, as an application of them, we classify outer actions of poly-$\mathbb{Z}$ groups of Hirsch length not greater than three on unital Kirchberg algebras up to $KK$-trivial cocycle conjugacy.
We introduce a new class of actions of the group $\G$ on finite von Neumann algebras and call them twisted Bernoulli shift actions. We classify these actions up to conjugacy and give an explicit description of their centralizers. We also distinguish many of those actions on the AFD $\mathrm{II}_1$ factor in view of outer conjugacy.
In this paper we consider a bootstrap class $\mathfrak C$ of countable discrete groups, which is closed under countable unions and extensions by the integers, and we study actions of such groups on C*-algebras. This class includes all torsion-free abelian groups, poly-$\mathbb Z$-groups, as well as other examples. Using the interplay between relative Rokhlin dimension and semi-strongly self-absorbing actions established in prior work, we obtain the following two main results for any group $Γ\in\mathfrak C$ and any strongly self-absorbing C*-algebra $\mathcal D$: (1) There is a unique strongly …
For a large class of word hyperbolic groups G the cross product C^*-algebra arising from the action of G on its Gromov boundary is shown to satisfy Poincare duality in K-theory. This class strictly contains fundamental groups of compact, negatively curved manifolds. The Baum-Connes Conjecture for amenable groupoids is used in a crucial way.
A hyperfinite $II_1$ subfactor may be obtained from a symmetric commuting square via iteration of the basic construction. For certain commuting squares constructed from Hadamard matrices, we describe this subfactor as a group-type inclusion $R^H \subset R \rtimes K$, where $H$ and $K$ are finite groups with outer actions on the hyperfinite $II_1$ factor $R$. We find the group of outer automorphisms generated by $H$ and $K$, and use the method of Bisch and Haagerup to determine the principal and dual principal graphs. In some cases a complete classification is obtained by examining the element …
We describe some of the forms of freeness of group actions on noncommutative C*-algebras that have been used, with emphasis on actions of finite groups. We give some indications of their strengths, weaknesses, applications, and relationships to each other. The properties discussed include the Rokhlin property, K-theoretic freeness, the tracial Rokhlin property, pointwise outerness, saturation, hereditary saturation, and the requirement that the strong Connes spectrum be the entire dual.
In this article it is proved, that every locally compact second countable group has a left invariant metric d, which generates the topology on G, and which is proper, ie. every closed d-bounded set in G is compact. Moreover, we obtain the following extension of a result due to N. Brown and E. Guentner: Every locally compact second countable $G$ admits a proper affine action on the reflexive and strictly convex Banach space $\bigoplus^{\infty}_{n=1} L^{2n}(G, dμ),$ where the direct sum is taken in the $l^2$-sense.
Let $A$ be a simple separable nuclear C$^*$-algebra with a unique tracial state and no unbounded traces, and let $α$ be a strongly outer action of a finite group $G$ on $A$. In this paper, we show that $α\otimes \mathrm{id}$ on $A\otimes\mathcal{W}$ has the Rohlin property, where $\mathcal{W}$ is the Razak-Jacelon algebra. Combing this result with the recent classification results and our previous result, we see that such actions are unique up to conjugacy.
This is the second part of our serial work on the classification of poly-$\mathbb{Z}$ group actions on Kirchberg algebras. Based on technical results obtained in our previous work, we completely reduce the problem to the classification of continuous fields of Kirchberg algebras over the classifying spaces. As an application, we determine the number of cocycle conjugacy classes of outer $\mathbb{Z}^n$-actions on the Cuntz algebras.
Motivated by our previous results, we investigate structural properties of probability measure-preserving actions of sofic groups relative to their Pinsker factor. We also consider the same properties relative to the Outer Pinsker factor, which is another generalization of the Pinsker factor in the nonamenable case. The Outer Pinsker factor is motivated by extension entropy for extensions, which fixes some of the "pathological" behavior of sofic entropy: namely increase of entropy under factor maps. We show that an arbitrary probability measure-preserving action of a sofic group is mixing rela…
We investigate how the fixed point algebra of a C*-dynamical system can differ from the underlying C*-algebra. For any exact group $Γ$ and any infinite group $Λ$, we construct an outer action of $Λ$ on the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_2$ whose fixed point algebra is almost equal to the reduced group C*-algebra ${\rm C}^\ast_{\rm r}(Γ)$. Moreover, we show that every infinite group admits outer actions on all Kirchberg algebras whose fixed point algebras fail the completely bounded approximation property.
In a prior paper, the author generalized the classical factor theorem of Sinai to actions of arbitrary countably infinite groups. In the present paper, we use this theorem and the techniques of its proof in order to study connections between positive entropy phenomena and the Koopman representation. Following the line of work initiated by Hayes for sofic entropy, we show in a certain precise manner that all positive entropy must come from portions of the Koopman representation that embed into the left-regular representation. By combining this result with the generalized factor theorem of the p…
Group actions on a Smale space and the actions induced on the C*-algebras associated to such a dynamical system are studied. We show that an effective action of a discrete group on a mixing Smale space produces a strongly outer action on the homoclinic algebra. We then show that for irreducible Smale spaces, the property of finite Rokhlin dimension passes from the induced action on the homoclinic algbera to the induced actions on the stable and unstable C*-algebras. In each of these cases, we discuss the preservation of properties---such as finite nuclear dimension, Z-stability, and classifica…
