We prove that a rank one transformation satisfying a condition called restricted growth is a mixing transformation if and only if the spacer sequence for the transformation is uniformly ergodic. Uniform ergodicity is a generalization of the notion of ergodicity for sequences in the sense that the mean ergodic theorem holds for what we call dynamical sequences. In particular, Adams' class of staircase transformations and Ornstein's class constructed using ``random spacers'' have both restricted growth and uniformly ergodic spacer sequences.
We prove mixing on a general class of rank-one transformations containing all known examples of rank-one mixing, including staircase transformations and Ornstein's constructions, and a variety of new constructions.
We prove that irreducible, linearly recurrent, type W interval exchange transformations are always mild mixing. For every irreducible permutation the set of linearly recurrent interval exchange transformations has full Hausdorff dimension.
For different classes of measure preserving transformations, we investigate collections of sets that exhibit the property of lightly mixing. Lightly mixing is a stronger property than topological mixing, and requires that a lim inf is positive. In particular, we give a straightforward proof that any mildly mixing transformation T has a dense algebra C such that T is lightly mixing on C. Also, we provide a hierarchy for the properties of lightly mixing, sweeping out and uniform sweeping out for dense collections, and dense algebras of sets. As a result, stronger mixing realizations are given fo…
We consider suspension flows built over interval exchange transformations with the help of roof functions having an asymmetric logarithmic singularity. We prove that such flows are strongly mixing for a full measure set of interval exchange transformations.
We prove that a class of infinite measure preserving transformations, satisfying a "strong" weak mixing condition, generates all rigidity sequences of all conservative ergodic invertible measure preserving transformations defined on a Lebesgue $σ$-finite measure space.
We construct, over some minimal translations of the two torus, special flows under a differentiable ceiling function that combine the properties of mixing and rank one.
We show that every invertible strong mixing transformation on a Lebesgue space has strictly over-recurrent sets. Also, we give an explicit procedure for constructing strong mixing transformations with no under-recurrent sets. This answers both parts of a question of V. Bergelson. We define $ε$-over-recurrence and show that given $ε> 0$, any ergodic measure preserving invertible transformation (including discrete spectrum) has $ε$-over-recurrent sets of arbitrarily small measure. Discrete spectrum transformations and rotations do not have over-recurrent sets, but we construct a weak mixing rigi…
It is shown that if $E$ is any subset of $\Bbb N$ such that either $1\in E$ or $2\in E$ then there is a mixing transformation whose set of spectral multiplicities is $E$.
We study topological mixing properties and the maximal equicontinuous factor of rank-one subshifts as topological dynamical systems. We show that the maximal equicontinuous factor of a rank-one subshift is finite. We also determine all the finite factors of a rank-one shift with a condition involving the cutting and spacer parameters. For rank-one subshifts with bounded spacer parameter we completely characterize weak mixing and mixing. For rank-one subshifts with unbounded spacer parameter we prove some sufficient conditions for weak mixing and mixing. We also construct some examples showing …
We show that a typical interval exchange transformation is either weakly mixing or it is an irrational rotation. We also conclude that a typical translation flow on a surface of genus $g \geq 2$ (with prescribed singularity types) is weakly mixing.
In paper [1] S. V. Tikhonov introduced a complete metric on the space of mixing transformations. It generates a topology called leash-topology. In [2] Tikhonov states the following problem: for what mixing transformation T its conjugacy class is dense in the space of mixing transformations with leash-topology? We show that it is true for every mixing T. As a corollary we get that generic mixing is rank-1.
We prove that for any compact connected Lie group G and a typical interval exchange transformation T, not isomorphic to a rotation, the skew product of T with a typical G-valued function, constant on the intervals, is weakly mixing.
We prove that mixing on rank-one transformations is equivalent to the spacer sequence being slice-ergodic. Slice-ergodicity, introduced in this paper, generalizes the notion of ergodic sequence to the uniform convergence of ergodic averages (as in the mean ergodic theorem) over subsequences of partial sums. We show that polynomial staircase transformations satisfy this condition and therefore are mixing.
For any infinite zero-density integer set M, we found a rigid measure-preserving transformation mixing along M by answering Bergelson's question. Gaussian and Poisson suspensions over infinite constructions are suggested as suitable examples. We also discuss rigid rank one transformations of finite measure that mix along a given set, and some analogues for group actions.
A technique is presented for multiplexing two ergodic measure preserving transformations together to derive a third limiting transformation. This technique is used to settle a question regarding rigidity of weak mixing transformations. Namely, given any rigidity sequence for an ergodic measure preserving transformation, there exists a weak mixing transformation which is rigid along the same sequence. This establishes a wide range of rigidity sequences for weakly mixing dynamical systems.
We study mixing properties of generalized $T, T^{-1}$ transformation. We discuss two mixing mechanisms. In the case the fiber dynamics is mixing, it is sufficient that the driving cocycle is small with small probability. In the case the fiber dynamics is only assumed to be ergodic, one needs to use the shearing properties of the cocycle. Applications include the Central Limit Theorem for sufficiently fast mixing systems and the estimates on deviations of ergodic averages.
J.-P. Thouvenot and the author showed via different approaches that the centralizer of a mixing rank-one infinite measure preserving transformation was trivial. In this note the author presents his joining proof. We also consider constructions with algebraic spacers as well as a class of Sidon constructions to produce new examples of mixing rank one transformations. In connection with Gordin's question on the existence of homoclinic ergodic actions for a zero entropy system we also discuss Poisson suspensions of some modifications of Sidon rank one constructions.
We study the notions of weak rational ergodicity and rational weak mixing as defined by Jon Aaronson. We prove that various families of infinite measure-preserving rank-one transformations possess (or do not posses) these properties, and consider their relation to other notions of mixing in infinite measure.
We examine some of the properties of uniformly rigid transformations, and analyze the compatibility of uniform rigidity and (measurable) weak mixing along with some of their asymptotic convergence properties. We show that on Cantor space, there does not exist a finite measure-preserving, totally ergodic, uniformly rigid transformation. We briefly discuss general group actions and show that (measurable) weak mixing and uniform rigidity can coexist in a more general setting.
We construct a rank one infinite measure preserving transformation $T$ such that for all sequences of nonzero integers $\{k_{1},..., k_{r}\}$, $T^{k_{1}}\times...\times T^{k_{r}}$ is ergodic.
We show that a residual set of non-degenerate IETs on more than 3 letters is topologically mixing. This shows that there exists a uniquely ergodic topologically mixing IET. This is then applied to show that some billiard flows in a fixed direction in an L-shaped polygon are topologically mixing.
In this paper we give explicit characterizations, based on the cutting and spacer parameters, of (a) which rank-one transformations factor onto a given finite cyclic permutation, (b) which rank-one transformations factor onto a given odometer, and (c) which rank-one transformations are isomorphic to a given odometer. These naturally yield characterizations of (d) which rank-one transformations factor onto some (unspecified) finite cyclic permutation, (d') which rank-one transformations are totally ergodic, (e) which rank-one transformations factor onto some (unspecified) odometer, and (f) whic…
We introduce high staircase infinite measure preserving transformations and prove that they are mixing under a restricted growth condition. This is used to (i) realize each subset $E\subset\Bbb N\cup\{\infty\}$ as the set of essential values of the multiplicity function for the Koopman operator of a mixing ergodic infinite measure preserving transformation, (ii) construct mixing power weakly mixing infinite measure preserving transformations, (iii) construct mixing Poissonian automorphisms with a simple spectrum, etc.
We define the notion of canonical boundedness among rank-one transformations and use it to characterize the class of all bounded rank-one transformations with trivial centralizer. We also explicitly characterize totally ergodic rank-one transformations with bounded cutting parameter. Together with a recent result of Ryzhikov our results provide a simple procedure for determining whether a bounded rank-one transformation has minimal self-joinings of all orders purely in terms of the cutting and spacer parameters for the transformation.
We show that all rank-one transformations are subsequence boundedly rationally ergodic and that there exist rank-one transformations that are not weakly rationally ergodic.
For flows the rank is an invariant by linear change of time. But what we can say about isomorphisms? It seems that in case of mixing flows this problem is the most difficult. However the known technique of joinings provides non-isomorphism for mixing rank-one flows under linear change of time. For automorphisms we consider another problems (with similar solutions). For example, the staircase cutting-and-stacking construction is set by a height $h_1$ of the first tower and a sequence $\{r_j\}$ of cut numbers. Let us consider two similar constructions: one is set by $(h_1, \{r_j\})$, another is …
In the class of Ornstein transformations the mixing property satisfies a 0-1 law. Here we consider Ornstein's construction with bounded cutting parameter. In fact, these latter transformations are not mixing, however it is proved that the weak mixing property occurs with probability one. Our situation is similar to the case of interval exchange transformations whose link with the cutting and stacking construction relies in a dynamical process called Rauzy induction.
In this paper some sufficient conditions are given for when two bounded rank-one transformations are isomorphic or disjoint. For commensurate, canonically bounded rank-one transformations, isomorphism and disjointness are completely determined by simple conditions in terms of their cutting and spacer parameters. We also obtain sufficient conditions for bounded rank-one transformations to have minimal self-joinings. As an application, we give a proof of Ryzhikov's theorem that totally ergodic, non-rigid, bounded rank-one transformations have minimal self-joinings of all orders.
Rank one transformations serve as a source of examples in ergodic theory, showing variety of algebraic, asymptotic and spectral properties of dynamical systems. The properties of a rank one transformation are closely related to the weak closure of its action. In this direction, known and new constructions of transformations and related problems are studied.
If $(M,g)$ is a smooth compact rank $1$ Riemannian manifold without focal points, it is shown that the measure $μ_{\max}$ of maximal entropy for the geodesic flow is unique. In this article, we study the statistic properties and prove that this unique measure $μ_{\max}$ is mixing. Stronger conclusion that the geodesic flow on the unit tangent bundle $SM$ with respect to $μ_{\max}$ is Bernoulli is acquired provided $M$ is a compact surface with genus greater than one and no focal points.
Let $G$ be a connected simple linear Lie group of rank one, and let $Γ<G$ be a discrete Zariski dense subgroup admitting a finite Bowen-Margulis-Sullivan measure $m^{\operatorname{BMS}}$. We show that the right translation action of the one dimensional diagonalizable subgroup is mixing on $(Γ\backslash G, m^{\operatorname{BMS}})$. Together with the work of Roblin, this proves ergodicity of the Burger-Roblin measure under the horospherical group $N$, establishes a classification theorem for $N$ invariant Radon measures on $Γ\backslash G$, and provides precise asymptotics for the Haar measure ma…
Let $d >1$. In this paper we show that for an irreducible permutation $π$ which is not a rotation, the set of $[λ]\in \mathbb{P}_+^{d-1}$ such that the interval exchange transformation $f([λ],π)$ is not weakly mixing does not have full Hausdorff dimension. We also obtain an analogous statement for translation flows. In particular, it strengthens the result of almost sure weak mixing proved by G. Forni and the first author. We adapt here the probabilistic argument developed in their paper in order to get some large deviation results. We then show how the latter can be converted into estimates o…
Given the cutting and spacer parameters for a rank-1 transformation, there is a simple condition which is easily seen to be sufficient to guarantee that the transformation under consideration is isomorphic to its inverse. Here we show that if the cutting and spacer parameters are canonically bounded, that condition is also necessary, thus giving a simple characterization of the canonically bounded rank-1 transformations that are isomorphic to their inverse.
We introduce a new tool to study the spectral type of rank one transformations using the method of central limit theorem for trigonometric sums. We get some new applications.
A rank-one infinite measure preserving flow $T=(T_t)_{t\in\Bbb R}$ is constructed such that for each $t\ne 0$, the Cartesian powers of the transformation $T_t$ are all ergodic.
For irreducible interval exchange transformations, we study the relation between the powers of induced map and the induced maps of powers and raise a condition of equivalence between them. And skew production of Rauzy induction map is set up and verified to be ergodic regard to a product measure. Then we prove that almost all the interval exchange transformations are totally rank one (rank one for all powers of positive integers) by interval. As a corollary, for almost all interval exchange transformations, rank one transformations are dense $G_δ$ in the weak closure.
We show that genuinely higher rank expanding actions of abelian semi-groups on compact manifolds are $C^{\infty}$-conjugate to affine actions on infra-nilmanifolds. This is based on the classification of expanding diffeomorphisms up to \holder conjugacy by Gromov and Shub, and is similar to recent work on smooth classification of higher rank Anosov actions on tori and nilmanifolds. To prove regularity of the conjugacy in the higher rank setting, we establish exponential mixing of solenoid actions induced from semi-group actions by nilmanifold endomorphisms, a result of independent interest. We…
We prove that minimal area-preserving flows locally given by a smooth Hamiltonian on a closed surface of any genus are typically (in the measure-theoretical sense) not mixing. The result is obtained by considering special flows over interval exchange transformations under roof functions with symmetric logarithmic singularities and proving absence of mixing for a full measure set of interval exchange transformations.
A classical result of Halmos asserts that among measure preserving transformations the weak mixing property is generic. We extend Halmos' result to the collection of ergodic extensions of a fixed, but arbitrary, ergodic transformation $T_0$. We then use a result of Connes, Feldman and Weiss to extend this relative theorem to the general (countable) amenable group.
We define a class of discrete abelian group extensions of rank-one transformations and establish necessary and sufficient conditions for these extensions to be power weakly mixing. We show that all members of this class are multiply recurrent. We then study conditions sufficient for showing that cartesian products of transformations are conservative for a class of invertible infinite measure-preserving transformations and provide examples of these transformations.
We derive sufficient conditions for the mixing of all orders of interacting transformations of a spatial Poisson point process, under a zero-type condition in probability and a generalized adaptedness condition. This extends a classical result in the case of deterministic transformations of Poisson measures. The approach relies on moment and covariance identities for Poisson stochastic integrals with random integrands.
Mixing (of all orders) rank-one actions $T$ of Heisenberg group $H_3(\Bbb R)$ are constructed. The restriction of $T$ to the center of $H_3(\Bbb R)$ is simple and commutes only with $T$. Mixing Poisson and mixing Gaussian actions of $H_3(\Bbb R)$ are also constructed. A rigid weakly mixing rank-one action $T$ is constructed such that the restriction of $T$ to the center of $H_3(\Bbb R)$ is not isomorphic to its inverse.
We establish that there are non-mixing maps that are mixing on appropriate sequences including sequences $(s_i)$ which satisfy the Rajchman dissociated property. Our examples are based on the staircase rank one construction, $M$-towers constructions and the Gaussian transformations. As a consequence, we obtain there are non-mixing maps which are mixing along the squares. We further prove that a sequence $M=(m_n)$ is a mixing sequence for some weak mixing ${1}/{2}$-rigid transformation $T$ if and only if the complement of $M$ is a thick set. This result is generalized to ${r}/{(r+1)}$-rigid tra…
We establish a dichotomy for the rate of the decay of the Cesàro averages of correlations of sufficiently regular functions for typical interval exchange transformations (IET) which are not rigid rotations (for which weak mixing had been previously established in the works of Katok-Stepin, Veech, and Avila-Forni). We show that the rate of decay is either logarithmic or polynomial, according to whether the IET is of rotation class (i.e., it can be obtained as the induced map of a rigid rotation) or not. In the latter case, we also establish that the spectral measures of Lipschitz functions have…
This is a straightforward generalization Section 2 of arXiv:1805.11167. It shows that for a residual set of transformations in the space of measure preserving transformations, with the weak topology, any self-joining defines a Markov operator that is a strong operator topology limit of convex combinations of powers of the unitary operator given by the transformation.
We introduce a class of rank-one transformations, which we call extremely elevated staircase transformations. We prove that they are measure-theoretically mixing and, for any $f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ with $f(n)/n$ increasing and $\sum 1/f(n) < \infty$, that there exists an extremely elevated staircase with word complexity $p(n) = o(f(n))$. This improves the previously lowest known complexity for mixing subshifts, resolving a conjecture of Ferenczi.
Consider a class of skew product transformations consisting of an ergodic or a periodic transformation on a probability space (M, B, m) in the base and a semigroup of transformations on another probability space (W,F,P) in the fibre. Under suitable mixing conditions for the fibre transformation, we show that the properties ergodicity, weakly mixing, and strongly mixing are passed on from the base transformation to the skew product (with respect to the product measure). We derive ergodic theorems with respect to the skew product on the product space. The main aim of this paper is to establish u…
We recall a proof of the mixing for almost all Ornstein's stochastic rank one constructions, replace stochastic spacers by special algebraic ones and prove the mixing in this new situation.
It is proved that each Gaussian cocycle over a mildly mixing Gaussian transformation is either a Gaussian coboundary or sharply weak mixing. The class of nonsingular infinite direct products $T$ of transformations $T_n$, $n\in\Bbb N$, of finite type (IDPFT) is studied. It is shown that if $T_n$ is mildly mixing, $n\in\Bbb N$, the sequence of the Radon-Nikodym derivatives of $T_n$ is asymptotically translation quasi-invariant and $T$ is conservative then the Maharam extension of $T$ is sharply weak mixing. This techniques provides a new approach to the nonsingular Gaussian transformations studi…
