We introduce a class of rank-one transformations, which we call extremely elevated staircase transformations. We prove that they are measure-theoretically mixing and, for any $f : \mathbb{N} \to \mathbb{N}$ with $f(n)/n$ increasing and $\sum 1/f(n) < \infty$, that there exists an extremely elevated staircase with word complexity $p(n) = o(f(n))$. This improves the previously lowest known complexity for mixing subshifts, resolving a conjecture of Ferenczi.
We study topological mixing properties and the maximal equicontinuous factor of rank-one subshifts as topological dynamical systems. We show that the maximal equicontinuous factor of a rank-one subshift is finite. We also determine all the finite factors of a rank-one shift with a condition involving the cutting and spacer parameters. For rank-one subshifts with bounded spacer parameter we completely characterize weak mixing and mixing. For rank-one subshifts with unbounded spacer parameter we prove some sufficient conditions for weak mixing and mixing. We also construct some examples showing …
We prove that a shift ergodic measure on a topologically mixing sub-shift is isomorphic to a Bernoulli shift whenever it is quasi invariant under permutations of finite number of coordinates. We prove also that Gibbs measures on topologically mixing subshift of finite type are quasi invariant.
Let f be a chain mixing continuous onto mapping from the Cantor set onto itself. Let g be a homeomorphism on the Cantor set that is topologically conjugate to a subshift. Then, homeomorphisms that are topologically conjugate to g approximate f in the topology of uniform convergence if a trivial necessary condition on the periodic points holds. In particular, if f is a chain mixing continuous onto mapping from the Cantor set onto itself with a fixed point, then homeomorphisms on the Cantor set that are topologically conjugate to a subshift approximate f in the topology of uniform convergence. I…
We investigate topological mixing of compatible random substitutions. For primitive random substitutions on two letters whose second eigenvalue is greater than one in modulus, we identify a simple, computable criterion which is equivalent to topological mixing of the associated subshift. This generalises previous results on deterministic substitutions. In the case of recognisable, irreducible Pisot random substitutions, we show that the associated subshift is not topologically mixing. Without recognisability, we rely on more specialised methods for excluding mixing and we apply these methods t…
It is well-known that any $\mathbb{Z}$ subshift with the specification property has the property that every factor is intrinsically ergodic, i.e., every factor has a unique factor of maximal entropy. In recent work, other $\mathbb{Z}$ subshifts have been shown to possess this property as well, including $β$-shifts and a class of $S$-gap shifts. We give two results that show that the situation for $\mathbb{Z}^d$ subshifts with $d >1 $ is quite different. First, for any $d>1$, we show that any $\mathbb{Z}^d$ subshift possessing a certain mixing property must have a factor with positive entropy w…
In this note we give simple examples of a one-dimensional mixing subshift with positive topological entropy which have two distinct measures of maximal entropy. We also give examples of subshifts which have two mutually singular equilibrium states for Hölder continuous functions. We also indicate how the construction can be extended to yield examples with any number of measures of maximal entropy of equilibrium states.
The paper gives a characterisation of the chain relation of a sofic subshift. Every sofic subshift $Σ$ can be described by a labelled graph $G$. Factorising $G$ in a suitable way we obtain the graph $G/_\approx$ that offers insight into some properties of the original subshift. Using $G/_\approx$ we describe first the chain relation in $Σ$, then characterise chain-transitive sofic subshifts, chain-mixing sofic subshifts and finally the attractors of the subshift dynamic system. At the end we present (straightforward) algorithms deciding chain-transitivity and chain-mixing properties of a sofic…
We define the finite extension property for $d$-dimensional subshifts, which generalizes the topological strong spatial mixing condition defined by Briceño (2016), and we prove that this property is invariant under topological conjugacy. Moreover, we prove that for every $d$, every $d$-dimensional block gluing subshift factors onto every $d$-dimensional subshift which has strictly lower entropy, a fixed point, and the finite extension property. This result extends a theorem from Boyle, Pavlov, and Schraudner (2010), which requires that the factor contain a safe symbol.
The notion of entropy dimension has been introduced to measure the subexponential complexity of zero entropy systems. In this work we present a general construction of a strictly ergodic subshift of topological entropy dimension $α$ for each $α\in (0,1)$. It is shown that the system satisfies some sort of regularity in the size of atoms and the first return time. Moreover, we modify the construction to obtain a variant system that is weakly mixing.
In this paper we study the quenched distributions of hitting times for a class of random dynamical systems. We prove that hitting times to dynamically defined cylinders converge to a Poisson point process under the law of random equivariant measures with super-polynomial decay of correlations. In particular, we apply our results to uniformly aperiodic random subshifts of finite type equipped with random invariant Gibbs measures. We emphasize that we make no assumptions about the mixing property of the marginal measure.
We consider the problem of when a symbolic dynamical system supports a Borel probability measure that is invariant under every element of its automorphism group. It follows readily from a classical result of Parry that the full shift on finitely many symbols, and more generally any mixing subshift of finite type, supports such a measure. Frisch and Tamuz recently dubbed such measures characteristic, and further showed that every zero entropy subshift has a characteristic measure. While it remains open if every subshift over a finite alphabet has a characteristic measure, we define a new class …
It is shown that for a non-singular conservative shift on a topologically mixing Markov subshift with Doeblin Condition the only possible absolutely continuous shift-invariant measure is a Markov measure. Moreover, if it is not equivalent to a homogeneous Markov measure then the shift is of Krieger-type $\mathrm{III}_1$. A criterion for equivalence of Markov measures is included.
We show that in a typical polygon the billiard map as well as its associated subshift obtained by coding orbits by the sequence of sides they visit are topologically weakly mixing.
Consider a Hölder continuous potential $ϕ$ defined on the full shift $A^\nn$, where $A$ is a finite alphabet. Let $X\subset A^\nn$ be a specified sofic subshift. It is well-known that there is a unique Gibbs measure $μ_ϕ$ on $X$ associated to $ϕ$. Besides, there is a natural nested sequence of subshifts of finite type $(X_m)$ converging to the sofic subshift $X$. To this sequence we can associate a sequence of Gibbs measures $(μ_ϕ^m)$. In this paper, we prove that these measures weakly converge at exponential speed to $μ_ϕ$ (in the classical distance metrizing weak topology). We also establish…
We study the dynamics of a transformation that acts on infinite paths in the graph associated with Pascal's triangle. For each ergodic invariant measure the asymptotic law of the return time to cylinders is given by a step function. We construct a representation of the system by a subshift on a two-symbol alphabet and then prove that the complexity function of this subshift is asymptotic to a cubic, the frequencies of occurrence of blocks behave in a regular manner, and the subshift is topologically weak mixing.
We show the existence of a bounded Borel measurable saturated compensation function for a factor map between subshifts. As an application, we find the Hausdorff dimension and measures of full Hausdorff dimension for a compact invariant set of an expanding nonconformal map on the torus given by an integer-valued diagonal matrix. These problems were studied in [19] for a compact invariant set whose symbolic representation is a shift of finite type under the condition of the existence of a saturated compensation function. We extend the results by presenting a formula for the Hausdorff dimension f…
We show that dynamical systems with $ϕ$-mixing measures have local escape rates which are exponential with rate $1$ at non-periodic points and equal to the extremal index at periodic points. We apply this result to equilibrium states on subshifts of finite type, expanding interval maps, Gibbs states on conformal repellers and more generally to Young towers and by extension to all systems that can be modeled by a Young tower.
We embed Thompson's group $V$ in the mapping class group of a mixing subshift of finite type. Question~6.3 in [Boyle-Chuysurichay, 17] asks whether these mapping class groups are sofic. Our result suggests that this question is difficult to solve at present (at least for some mixing SFTs), since a resolution of it in either direction would solve an open problem in geometric group theory. More generally, we define the notion of a ``veelike action'', and prove that whenever a group acts veelike on a language, it embeds in the mapping class group of some subshift. We show that Thompson's $V$ acts…
The generic limit set of a dynamical system is the smallest set that attracts most of the space in a topological sense: it is the smallest closed set with a comeager basin of attraction. Introduced by Milnor, it has been studied in the context of one-dimensional cellular automata by Djenaoui and Guillon, Delacourt, and Törmä. In this article we present complexity bounds on realizations of generic limit sets of cellular automata with prescribed properties. We show that generic limit sets have a $Π^0_2$ language if they are inclusion-minimal, a $Σ^0_1$ language if the cellular automaton has equi…
We exhibit examples of mixing subshifts of finite type and potentials such that there are phase transitions but the pressure is always strictly convex. More surprisingly, we show that the pressure can be analytic on some interval although there exist several equilibrium states.
Let S be an ergodic measure-preserving automorphism on a non-atomic probability space, and let T be the time-one map of a topologically weak mixing suspension flow over an irreducible subshift of finite type under a Holder ceiling function. We show that if the measure-theoretic entropy of S is strictly less than the topological entropy of T, then there exists an embedding from the measure-preserving automorphism into the suspension flow. As a corollary of this result and the symbolic dynamics for geodesic flows on compact surfaces of negative curvature developed by Bowen and Ratner, we also ob…
Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（塔塔基础研究所）；International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS-TIFR), Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（塔塔基础研究所国际理论科学中心）
A Borel system consists of a measurable automorphism of a standard Borel space. We consider Borel embeddings and isomorphisms between such systems modulo null sets, i.e. sets which have measure zero for every invariant probability measure. For every t>0 we show that in this category there exists a unique free Borel system (Y,S) which is strictly t-universal in the sense that all invariant measures on Y have entropy <t, and if (X,T) is another free system obeying the same entropy condition then X embeds into Y off a null set. One gets a strictly t-universal system from mixing shifts of finite t…
We show that a cellular automaton on a mixing subshift of finite type is a Von Neumann regular element in the semigroup of cellular automata if and only if it is split epic onto its image in the category of sofic shifts and block maps. It follows from [S.-Törmä, 2015] that Von Neumann regularity is decidable condition, and we decide it for all elementary CA.
For any dynamical system $T:X\rightarrow X$ of a compact metric space $X$ with $g-$almost product property and uniform separation property, under the assumptions that the periodic points are dense in $X$ and the periodic measures are dense in the space of invariant measures, we distinguish various periodic-like recurrences and find that they all carry full topological topological entropy and so do their gap-sets. In particular, this implies that any two kind of periodic-like recurrences are essentially different. Moreover, we coordinate periodic-like recurrences with (ir)regularity and obtain …
