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arXiv 2003.03447math.CO
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对Brouwer Laplacian谱猜想的限制

Constraints on Brouwer's Laplacian Spectrum Conjecture

Joshua N. Cooper

摘要:

Brouwer猜想指出,对于任何图$G$,$k$的最大(组合)拉普拉斯特征值之和至多为$|E(G)| + \binom{k+1}{2}$,$1 \leq k \leq n$。我们提出了几个相互关联的结果建立Brouwer猜想$\text{BC}_k(G)$的广泛的图$G$和参数$k$。特别地,我们证明了:(1)当$k \geq 11$时,$\text{BC}_k(G)$对低荫度图成立,特别是对平面$G$成立;(2)当度序列的方差不是很高时,$\text{BC}_k(G)$成立,推广了以前关于$G$正则或随机的结果;(3)$\text{BC}_k(G)$为真,如果$G$属于遗传谱有界类并且$k$作为$k$的函数足够大,特别是二分图的$k \geq \sqrt{32n}$;(4)$\text{BC}_k(G)$成立,除非$G$与分裂图具有边编辑距离$< k \sqrt{2n} = O(n^{3/2})$;(5)没有$G$违反所述上界超过$O(n^{5/4})$,二分图的$G$违反所述上界不超过$O(n)$ ;以及(6)$\text{BC}_k(G)$对长度为$O(n^{3/4})$的区间之外的所有$k$成立。此外,我们提出了一个令人惊讶的否定结果:渐近几乎必然地,一个均匀的随机符号完全图违反了$Ω(n)$的约束界。

英文摘要:

Brouwer's Conjecture states that, for any graph $G$, the sum of the $k$ largest (combinatorial) Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$ is at most $|E(G)| + \binom{k+1}{2}$, $1 \leq k \leq n$. We present several interrelated results establishing Brouwer's conjecture $\text{BC}_k(G)$ for a wide range of graphs $G$ and parameters $k$. In particular, we show that (1) $\text{BC}_k(G)$ is true for low-arboricity graphs, and in particular for planar $G$ when $k \geq 11$; (2) $\text{BC}_k(G)$ is true whenever the variance of the degree sequence is not very high, generalizing previous results for $G$ regular or random; (3) $\text{BC}_k(G)$ is true if $G$ belongs to a hereditarily spectrally-bounded class and $k$ is sufficiently large as a function of $k$, in particular $k \geq \sqrt{32n}$ for bipartite graphs; (4) $\text{BC}_k(G)$ holds unless $G$ has edge-edit distance $< k \sqrt{2n} = O(n^{3/2})$ from a split graph; (5) no $G$ violates the conjectured upper bound by more than $O(n^{5/4})$, and bipartite $G$ by no more than $O(n)$; and (6) $\text{BC}_k(G)$ holds for all $k$ outside an interval of length $O(n^{3/4})$. Furthermore, we present a surprising negative result: asymptotically almost surely, a uniform random signed complete graph violates the conjectured bound by $Ω(n)$.

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