Cluster algebras were introduced by Fomin-Zelevinsky in 2002 in order to give a combinatorial framework for phenomena occurring in the context of algebraic groups. Cluster algebras also have links to a wide range of other subjects, including the representation theory of finite dimensional algebras, as first discovered by Marsh- Reineke-Zelevinsky. Modifying module categories over hereditary algebras, cluster categories were introduced in work with Buan-Marsh-Reineke-Todorov in order to "categorify" the essential ingredients in the definition of cluster algebras in the acyclic case. They were shown to be triangulated by Keller. Related work was done by Geiss-Leclerc-Schröer using preprojective algebras of Dynkin type. In work by many authors there have been further developments, leading to feedback to cluster algebras, new interesting classes of finite dimensional algebras, and the investigation of categories of Calabi-Yau dimension $2.$
We prove the Berenstein-Zelevinsky conjecture that the quantized coordinate rings of the double Bruhat cells of all finite dimensional simple algebraic groups admit quantum cluster algebra structures with initial seeds as specified by [4]. We furthermore prove that the corresponding upper quantum cluster algebras coincide with the constructed quantum cluster algebras and exhibit a large number of explicit quantum seeds. Along the way a detailed study of the properties of quantum double Bruhat cells from the viewpoint of noncommutative UFDs is carried out and a quantum analog of the Fomin-Zelev…
We compute the Grothendieck group of certain 2-Calabi--Yau triangulated categories appearing naturally in the study of the link between quiver representations and Fomin--Zelevinsky's cluster algebras. In this setup, we also prove a generalization of Fomin--Zelevinsky's mutation rule.
We study the relationship between two sets of coordinates on a double Bruhat cell, the cluster variables introduced by Berenstein, Fomin, and Zelevinsky and the $\CX$-coordinates defined by the coweight parametrization of Fock and Goncharov. In these coordinates, we show that the generalized Chamber Ansatz of Fomin and Zelevinsky is a nondegenerate version of the canonical monomial transformation between the cluster variables and $\CX$-coordinates defined by a common exchange matrix. We prove this in the setting of an arbitrary symmetrizable Kac-Moody group, generalizing along the way many pre…
Cluster categories have been introduced by Buan, Marsh, Reineke, Reiten and Todorov in order to categorify Fomin-Zelevinsky cluster algebras. This survey motivates and outlines the construction of a generalization of cluster categories, and explains different applications of these new categories in representation theory.
Partially compactified quantum cluster structures on simple algebraic groups and the full Berenstein--Zelevinsky conjecture
Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学）；Northeastern University（东北大学）；Institute of Mathematics and Informatics Bulgarian Academy of Sciences（保加利亚科学院数学与计算机科学研究所）
We apply our previous work on cluster characters for Hom-infinite cluster categories to the theory of cluster algebras. We give a new proof of Conjectures 5.4, 6.13, 7.2, 7.10 and 7.12 of Fomin and Zelevinsky's Cluster algebras IV for skew-symmetric cluster algebras. We also construct an explicit bijection sending certain objects of the cluster category to the decorated representations of Derksen, Weyman and Zelevinsky, and show that it is compatible with mutations in both settings. Using this map, we give a categorical interpretation of the E-invariant and show that an arbitrary decorated rep…
This article tries to generalize former works of Derksen, Weyman and Zelevinsky about skew-symmetric cluster algebras to the skew-symmetrizable case. We introduce the notion of group species with potentials and their decorated representations. In good cases, we can define mutations of these objects in such a way that these mutations mimic the mutations of seeds defined by Fomin and Zelevinsky for a skew-symmetrizable exchange matrix defined from the group species. These good cases are called non-degenerate. Thus, when an exchange matrix can be associated to a non-degenerate group species with …
This is a concise introduction to Fomin-Zelevinsky's cluster algebras and their links with the representation theory of quivers in the acyclic case. We review the definition of cluster algebras (geometric, without coefficients), construct the cluster category and present the bijection between cluster variables and rigid indecomposable objects of the cluster category.
We describe a new way to relate an acyclic, skew-symmetrizable cluster algebra to the representation theory of a finite dimensional hereditary algebra. This approach is designed to explain the c-vectors of the cluster algebra. We obtain a necessary and sufficient combinatorial criterion for a collection of vectors to be the c-vectors of some cluster in the cluster algebra associated to a given skew-symmetrizable matrix. Our approach also yields a simple proof of the known result that the c-vectors of an acyclic cluster algebra are sign-coherent, from which Nakanishi and Zelevinsky have showed …
We prove the existence of cluster characters for Hom-infinite cluster categories. For this purpose, we introduce a suitable mutation-invariant subcategory of the cluster category. We sketch how to apply our results in order to categorify any skew-symmetric cluster algebra. More applications and a comparison to Derksen-Weyman-Zelevinsky's results will be given in a future paper.
Given a triangulated 2-Calabi-Yau category C and a cluster-tilting subcategory T, the index of an object X of C is a certain element of the Grothendieck group of the additive category T. In this note, we show that a rigid object of C is determined by its index, that the indices of the indecomposables of a cluster-tilting subcategory T' form a basis of the Grothendieck group of T and that, if T and T' are related by a mutation, then the indices with respect to T and T' are related by a certain piecewise linear transformation introduced by Fomin and Zelevinsky in their study of cluster algebras …
This is an introduction to some aspects of Fomin-Zelevinsky's cluster algebras and their links with the representation theory of quivers and with Calabi-Yau triangulated categories. It is based on lectures given by the author at summer schools held in 2006 (Bavaria) and 2008 (Jerusalem). In addition to by now classical material, we present the outline of a proof of the periodicity conjecture for pairs of Dynkin diagrams (details will appear elsewhere) and recent results on the interpretation of mutations as derived equivalences.
This is a brief and informal introduction to cluster algebras. It roughly follows the historical path of their discovery, made jointly with A.Zelevinsky. Total positivity serves as the main motivation.
Given a quantum cluster algebra, we show that its triangular bases defined by Berenstein and Zelevinsky and those defined by the author are the same for the seeds associated with acyclic quivers. This result implies that the Berenstein-Zelevinsky's basis contains all the quantum cluster monomials. We also give an easy proof that the two bases are the same for the seeds associated with bipartite skew-symmetrizable matrices.
We give combinatorial formulas for the Laurent expansion of any cluster variable in any cluster algebra coming from a triangulated surface (with or without punctures), with respect to an arbitrary seed. Moreover, we work in the generality of principal coefficients. An immediate corollary of our formulas is a proof of the positivity conjecture of Fomin and Zelevinsky for cluster algebras from surfaces, in geometric type.
Cluster algebras were introduced by S. Fomin and A. Zelevinsky in connection with dual canonical bases. Let U be a cluster algebra of type A_n. We associate to each cluster C of U an abelian category Cat_C such that the indecomposable objects of Cat_C are in natural correspondence with the cluster variables of U which are not in C. We give an algebraic realization and a geometric realization of Cat_C. Then, we generalize the ``denominator Theorem'' of Fomin and Zelevinsky to any cluster.
We apply the new theory of cluster algebras of Fomin and Zelevinsky to study some combinatorial problems arising in Lie theory. This is joint work with Geiss and Schröer (3, 4, 5, 6), and with Hernandez (8, 9).
Building on work by Geiss-Leclerc-Schroer and by Buan-Iyama-Reiten-Scott we investigate the link between certain cluster algebras with coefficients and suitable 2-Calabi-Yau categories. These include the cluster-categories associated with acyclic quivers and certain Frobenius subcategories of module categories over preprojective algebras. Our motivation comes from the conjectures formulated by Fomin and Zelevinsky in `Cluster algebras IV: Coefficients'. We provide new evidence for Conjectures 5.4, 6.10, 7.2, 7.10 and 7.12 and show by an example that the statement of Conjecture 7.17 does not al…
We study cluster algebras that are associated to unpunctured surfaces with coefficients arising from boundary arcs. We give a direct formula for the Laurent polynomial expansion of cluster variables in these cluster algebras in terms of certain paths on a triangulation of the surface. As an immediate consequence, we prove the positivity conjecture of Fomin and Zelevinsky for these cluster algebras. In the special case where the cluster algebra is acyclic, we also give a formula for the expansion of cluster variables as a polynomial whose indeterminates are the cluster variables contained in th…
We introduce a new category C, which we call the cluster category, obtained as a quotient of the bounded derived category D of the module category of a finite-dimensional hereditary algebra H over a field. We show that, in the simply-laced Dynkin case, C can be regarded as a natural model for the combinatorics of the corresponding Fomin-Zelevinsky cluster algebra. In this model, the tilting modules correspond to the clusters of Fomin-Zelevinsky. Using approximation theory, we investigate the tilting theory of C, showing that it is more regular than that of the module category itself, and demon…
Motivated by Fomin and Zelevinsky's theory of cluster algebras we introduce a variant of the Markov equation; we show that all natural solutions of the equation arise from an initial solution by cluster transformations.
We show that Derksen-Weyman-Zelevinsky's mutations of quivers with potential yield equivalences of suitable 3-Calabi-Yau triangulated categories. Our approach is related to that of Iyama-Reiten and Koszul dual to that of Kontsevich-Soibelman. It improves on previous work by Vitoria. In the appendix, the first-named author studies pseudo-compact derived categories of certain pseudo-compact dg algebras.
We show that upper cluster algebras need not be finitely generated, answering a question of Berenstein, Fomin and Zelevinsky. Our counter-example is a cluster algebra with B-matrix $\begin{pmatrix} 0 & 3 & -3 \\ -3 & 0 & 3 \\ 3 & -3 & 0 \end{pmatrix}$ and coefficients obeying a genericity condition.
We show that in case a cluster algebra coincides with its upper cluster algebra and the cluster algebra admits a grading with finite dimensional homogeneous components, the corresponding Berenstein-Zelevinsky quantum cluster algebra can be viewed as a flat deformation of the classical cluster algebra.
Let $Q$ be an acyclic quiver. We introduce the notion of generic variables for the coefficient-free acyclic cluster algebra $\mathcal A(Q)$. We prove that the set $\mathcal G(Q)$ of generic variables contains naturally the set $\mathcal M(Q)$ of cluster monomials in $\mathcal A(Q)$ and that these two sets coincide if and only if $Q$ is a Dynkin quiver. We establish multiplicative properties of these generic variables analogous to multiplicative properties of Lusztig's dual semicanonical basis. This allows to compute explicitly the generic variables when $Q$ is a quiver of affine type. When $Q$…
We show that for cluster algebras associated with finite quivers without oriented cycles (with no coefficients), a seed is determined by its cluster, as conjectured by Fomin and Zelevinsky.We also obtain an interpretation of the monomial in the denominator of a non-polynomial cluster variable in terms of the composition factors of an indecomposable exceptional module over an associated hereditary algebra.
This is an introductory survey on cluster algebras and their (additive) categorification using derived categories of Ginzburg algebras. After a gentle introduction to cluster combinatorics, we review important examples of coordinate rings admitting a cluster algebra structure. We then present the general definition of a cluster algebra and describe the interplay between cluster variables, coefficients, c-vectors and g-vectors. We show how c-vectors appear in the study of quantum cluster algebras and their links to the quantum dilogarithm. We then present the framework of additive categorificat…
Motivated by the work of of A. Zelevinsky on positive self-adjoint Hopf algebras, we define what we call a symmetric self-adjoint Hopf structure for a certain kind of semisimple abelian categories. It is known that every positive self-adjoint Hopf algebra admits a natural action of the associated Heisenberg double. We construct canonical morphisms lifting the relations that define this action on the algebra level and define an object that we call a categorical Heisenberg double that is a natural setting for considering these morphisms. As examples, we exhibit the symmetric self-adjoint Hopf st…
Broline, Crowe and Isaacs have computed the determinant of a matrix associated to a Conway-Coxeter frieze pattern. We generalise their result to the corresponding frieze pattern of cluster variables arising from the Fomin-Zelevinsky cluster algebra of type A. We give a representation-theoretic interpretation of this result in terms of certain configurations of indecomposable objects in the root category of type A.
Buan, Iyama, Reiten and Smith proved that the superpotential of a quiver corresponding to an element of Coxeter group is rigid. In this paper, we extend this result to the Berenstein-Fomin-Zelevinsky quivers corresponding to double Bruhat cells of symmetric Kac-Moody algebras. We also realize these quivers as dimers models on cylinder over corresponding graphs.
We study quiver Grassmannians associated with indecomposable representations of the Kronecker quiver. We find a cellular decomposition of them and we compute their Betti numbers. As an application, we give a geometric realization of the "canonical basis" of cluster algebras of Kronecker type (found by Sherman and Zelevinsky) and of type $A_2^{(1)}$.
We prove that indecomposable transjective modules over cluster-tilted algebras are uniquely determined by their dimension vectors. Similarly, we prove that for cluster-concealed algebras, rigid modules lifting to rigid objects in the corresponding cluster category are uniquely determined by their dimension vectors. Finally, we apply our results to a conjecture of Fomin and Zelevinsky on denominators of cluster variables.
Matrix mutation appears in the definition of cluster algebras of Fomin and Zelevinsky. We give a representation theoretic interpretation of matrix mutation, using tilting theory in cluster categories of hereditary algebras. Using this, we obtain a representation theoretical interpretation of cluster mutation in case of acyclic cluster algebras of finite type.
We realize Derksen-Weyman-Zelevinsky's mutations of representations as densely-defined regular maps on representation spaces, and study the generic values of Caldero-Chapoton functions with coefficients, giving, for instance, a sufficient combinatorial condition for their linear independence. For a quiver with potential $(Q,S)$, we show that if $k$ is a vertex not incident to any oriented 2-cycle, then every generically $τ$-reduced irreducible component $Z$ of any affine variety of (decorated) representations has a dense open subset $U$ on which Derksen-Weyman-Zelevinsky's mutation of represen…
F-polynomials and g-vectors were defined by Fomin and Zelevinsky to give a formula which expresses cluster variables in a cluster algebra in terms of the initial cluster data. A quantum cluster algebra is a certain noncommutative deformation of a cluster algebra. In this paper, we define and prove the existence of analogous quantum F-polynomials for quantum cluster algebras. We prove some properties of quantum F-polynomials. In particular, we give a recurrence relation which can be used to compute them. Finally, we compute quantum F-polynomials and g-vectors for a certain class of cluster vari…
In 2003, Fomin and Zelevinsky proved that finite type cluster algebras can be classified by Dynkin diagrams. Then in 2013, Barot and Marsh defined the presentation of a reflection group associated to a Dynkin diagram in terms of an edge-weighted, oriented graph, and proved that this group is invariant (up to isomorphism) under diagram mutations. In this paper, we extend Barot and Marsh's results to Artin group presentations, defining new generator relations and showing mutation-invariance for these presentations.
Fomin-Zelevinsky conjectured that in any cluster algebra, the cluster monomials are linearly independent and that the exchange graph and cluster complex are independent of the choice of coefficients. We confirm these conjectures for all skew-symmetric cluster algebras.
Double Bruhat cells $G^{u,v}$ were studied by Fomin and Zelevinsky. They provide important examples of cluster algebras and cluster Poisson varieties. Cluster varieties produce examples of 3d Calabi-Yau categories with stability conditions, and their Donaldson-Thomas invariants, defined by Kontsevich and Soibelman, are encoded by a formal automorphism on the cluster variety known as the Donaldson-Thomas transformation. Goncharov and Shen conjectured in that for any semisimple Lie group $G$, the Donaldson-Thomas transformation of the cluster Poisson variety $H\backslash G^{u,v}/H$ is a slight m…
These are expanded notes from three survey lectures given at the 14th International Conference on Representations of Algebras (ICRA XIV) held in Tokyo in August 2010. We first study identities between products of quantum dilogarithm series associated with Dynkin quivers following Reineke. We then examine similar identities for quivers with potential and link them to Fomin-Zelevinsky's theory of cluster algebras. Here we mainly follow ideas due to Bridgeland, Fock-Goncharov, Kontsevich-Soibelman and Nagao.
We provide a transformation formula of non-commutative Donaldson-Thomas invariants under a composition of mutations. Consequently, we get a description of a composition of cluster transformations in terms of quiver Grassmannians. As an application, we give an alternative proof of Fomin-Zelevinsky's conjectures on $F$-polynomials and $g$-vectors.
In this paper, we describe a general setting for dimer models on cylinders over Dynkin diagrams which in type A reduces to the well studied case of dimer models on a disc. We prove that all Berenstein--Fomin--Zelevinsky quivers for Schubert cells in a symmetric Kac--Moody algebra give rise to dimer models on the cylinder over the corresponding Dynkin diagram. We also give an independent proof of a result of Buan, Iyama, Reiten and Smith that the corresponding superpotentials are rigid using the dimer model structure of the quivers.
We define mutation on coloured quivers associated to tilting objects in higher cluster categories. We show that this operation is compatible with the mutation operation on the tilting objects. This gives a combinatorial approach to tilting in higher cluster categories and especially an algorithm to determine the Gabriel quivers of tilting objects in such categories.
We study the cluster combinatorics of $d-$cluster tilting objects in $d-$cluster categories. By using mutations of maximal rigid objects in $d-$cluster categories which are defined similarly for $d-$cluster tilting objects, we prove the equivalences between $d-$cluster tilting objects, maximal rigid objects and complete rigid objects. Using the chain of $d+1$ triangles of $d-$cluster tilting objects in [IY], we prove that any almost complete $d-$cluster tilting object has exactly $d+1$ complements, compute the extension groups between these complements, and study the middle terms of these $d+1…
Fomin and Zelevinsky's definition of cluster algebras laid the foundation for cluster theory. The various categorifications and generalisations of the original definition led to Iyama and Yoshino's generalised cluster categories $\mathcal{T}/\mathcal{T}^{fd}$ coming from positive-Calabi-Yau triples $(\mathcal{T}, \mathcal{T}^{fd},\mathcal{M})$. Jin later defined simple minded collection quadruples $(\mathcal{T}, \mathcal{T}^{p},\mathbb{S},\mathcal{S})$, where the special case $\mathbb{S}=Σ^{-d}$ is the analogue of Iyama and Yang's triples: negative-Calabi-Yau triples. In this paper, we further…
In this note we explain how to obtain cluster algebras from triangulations of (punctured) discs following the approach of S. Fomin, M. Shapiro and D. Thurston. Furthermore, we give a description of m-cluster categories via diagonals (arcs) in (punctured) polygons and of m-cluster categories via powers of translation quivers as given in joint work with R. Marsh.
We revisit the geometric description of cluster categories in type E in terms of colored diagonals in a polygon and generalize it to the case of m-cluster categories. As an application, we relate colored diagonals in a polygon to semi-standard Young tableaux, in type E_6,E_7,E_8. This provides a new compatibility description of semi--standard Young tableaux in Grassmannian cluster algebras in type E_6, E_8 and in a sub-cluster algebra of type E_7.
Cluster algebras were introduced by S. Fomin and A. Zelevinsky in math.RT/0104151; their study continued in math.RA/0208229, math.RT/0305434. This is a family of commutative rings designed to serve as an algebraic framework for the theory of total positivity and canonical bases in semisimple groups and their quantum analogs. In this paper we introduce and study quantum deformations of cluster algebras.
The Fomin-Zelevinsky Laurent phenomenon states that every cluster variable in a cluster algebra can be expressed as a Laurent polynomial in the variables lying in an arbitrary initial cluster. We give representation-theoretic formulas for the denominators of cluster variables in cluster algebras of affine type. The formulas are in terms of the dimensions of spaces of homomorphisms in the corresponding cluster category, and hold for any choice of initial cluster.
Cluster categories and cluster algebras encode two dimensional structures. For instance, the Auslander--Reiten quiver of a cluster category can be drawn on a surface, and there is a class of cluster algebras determined by surfaces with marked points. Cluster characters are maps from cluster categories (and more general triangulated categories) to cluster algebras. They have a tropical shadow in the form of so-called tropical friezes, which are maps from cluster categories (and more general triangulated categories) to the integers. This paper will define higher dimensional tropical friezes. One…
In this paper, we introduce a notion of unistructural cluster algebras, for which the set of cluster variables uniquely determines the clusters. We prove that cluster algebras of Dynkin type and cluster algebras of rank 2 are unistructural, then prove that if $\mathcal{A}$ is unistructural or of Euclidean type, then $f: \mathcal{A}\to \mathcal{A}$ is a cluster automorphism if and only if $f$ is an automorphism of the ambient field which restricts to a permutation of the cluster variables. In order to prove this result, we also investigate the Fomin-Zelevinsky conjecture that two cluster variab…
We identify a quantum lift of the greedy basis for rank 2 coefficient-free cluster algebras. Our main result is that our construction does not depend on the choice of initial cluster, that it builds all cluster monomials, and that it produces bar-invariant elements. We also present several conjectures related to this quantum greedy basis and the triangular basis of Berenstein and Zelevinsky.
