In this paper, we first define the complexification of a real analytic map between real analytic Koszul manifolds and show that the complexified map is the holomorphic extension of the original map. Next we define an anti-Kaehler metric compatible with the adapted complex structure on the complexification of a real analytic pseudo-Riemannian manifold. In particular, for a pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous space, we define another complexification and a (complete) anti-Kaehler metric on the complexification. One of main purposes of this paper is to find the interesting relation between these two complexifications (equipped with the anti-Kaehler metrics) of a pseudo-Riemannian homogeneous space. Another of main purposes of this paper is to show that almost all principal orbits of some isometric action on the first complexification (equipped with the anti-Kaehler metric) of a semi-simple pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space are curvature-adapted isoparametric submanifolds with flat section in the sense of this paper.
We consider strict and complete nearly Kaehler manifolds with the canonical Hermitian connection. The holonomy representation of the canonical Hermitian connection is studied. We show that a strict and complete nearly Kaehler is locally a Riemannian product of homogenous nearly Kaehler spaces, twistor spaces over quaternionic Kaehler manifolds and 6-dimensional nearly Kaehler manifolds. As an application we obtain structure results for totally geodesic Riemannian foliations admitting a compatible Kaehler structure. Finally, we obtain a classification result for the homogenous case, reducing a …
B. Sahin [9] introduced the notion of anti-invariant Riemannian submersions from almost Hermitian manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. In the present paper we extend the notion of anti-invariant and Lagrangian Riemannian submersions (a special anti-invariant Riemannian submersion) to the case of locally conformal Kaehler manifolds. We discuss the geometry of foliation and obtain some decomposition theorems for the total manifold of such submersions.
We study generic Riemannian submersions from nearly Kaehler manifolds onto Riemannian manifolds. We investigate conditions for the integrability of various distributions arising for generic Riemannian submersions and also obtain conditions for leaves to be totally geodesic foliations. We obtain conditions for a generic Riemannian submersion to be a totally geodesic map and also study generic Riemannian submersions with totally umbilical fibers. Finally, we derive conditions for generic Riemannian submersions to be harmonic map.
We study Riemannian foliations with complex leaves on Kaehler manifolds. The tensor T, the obstruction to the foliation be totally geodesic, is interpreted as a holomorphic section of a certain vector bundle. This enables us to give classification results when the manifold is compact.
We use the natural lifts of the fundamental tensor field g to the cotangent bundle T*M of a Riemannian manifold (M,g), in order to construct an almost Hermitian structure (G,J) of diagonal type on T*M. The obtained almost complex structure J on T*M is integrable if and only if the base manifold has constant sectional curvature and the second coefficient, involved in its definition is expressed as a rational function of the first coefficient and its first order derivative. Next one shows that the obtained almost Hermitian structure is almost Kaehlerian. Combining the obtained results we get a f…
We obtain a class of locally symmetric Kaehler Einstein structures on the cotangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold of negative sectional curvature. Similar results are obtained in the case of a Riemannian manifold of positive sectional curvature. The obtained class of Kaehler Einstein structures depends on one essential parameter and cannot have constant holomorphic sectional curvature.
In this note we show that any real exact G-invariant (1,1)-form is the Ricci form of a Kaehler metric on the complexification of an irreducible compact symmetric space G/K.
A characterization of maximal domains of existence of adapted complex structures for Riemannian homogeneous manifolds under certain extensibility assumptions on their geodesic flow is given. This is applied to generalized Heisenberg groups and naturally reductive Riemannian homogeneous spaces. As an application it is shown that the case of generalized Heisenberg groups yields examples of maximal domains of definition for the adapted complex structure which are are neither holomorphically separable, nor holomorphically convex.
Two Kaehler metrics on one complex manifold are said to be c-projectively equivalent if their J-planar curves, i.e., curves defined by the property that their acceleration is complex proportional to their velocity, coincide. The degree of mobility of a Kaehler metric is the dimension of the space of metrics that are c-projectively equivalent to it. We give the list of all possible values of the degree of mobility of simply connected 2n-dimensional Riemannian Kaehler manifolds. We also describe all such values under the additional assumption that the metric is Einstein. As an application, we de…
In this paper, we study the existence of various harmonic maps from Hermitian manifolds to Kaehler, Hermitian and Riemannian manifolds respectively. By using refined Bochner formulas on Hermitian (possibly non-Kaehler) manifolds, we derive new rigidity results on Hermitian harmonic maps from compact Hermitian manifolds to Riemannian manifolds, and we also obtain the complex analyticity of pluri-harmonic maps from compact complex manifolds to compact Kaehler manifolds (and Riemannian manifolds) with non-degenerate curvatures, which are analogous to several fundamental results in [28,Siu], [14,J…
In some other context, the question was raised how many nearly Kähler structures exist on the sphere $§^6$ equipped with the standard Riemannian metric. In this short note, we prove that, up to isometry, there exists only one. This is a consequence of the description of the eigenspace to the eigenvalue $λ= 12$ of the Laplacian acting on 2-forms. A similar result concerning nearly parallel $\G_2$-structures on the round sphere $§^7$ holds, too. An alternative proof by Riemannian Killing spinors is also indicated.
Positive Quaternion Kaehler Manifolds are Riemannian manifolds with holonomy contained in Sp(n)Sp(1) and with positive scalar curvature. Conjecturally, they are symmetric spaces. We prove this conjecture in dimension 20 under additional assumptions and we provide recognition theorems for quaternionic projective spaces (in low dimensions) as well as the real Grassmanian (which is Positive Quaternion Kaehler).
Given a compact Lie group, endowed with a bi-invariant Riemannian metric, its complexification inherits a Kaehler structure having twice the kinetic energy of the metric as its potential, and Kaehler reduction with reference to the adjoint action yields a stratified Kaehler structure on the resulting adjoint quotient. Exploiting classical invariant theory, in particular bisymmetric functions and variants thereof, we explore the singular Poisson-Kaehler geometry of this quotient. Among other things we prove that, for various compact groups, the real coordinate ring of the adjoint quotient is ge…
We study and classify almost complex totally geodesic submanifolds of the nearly Kaehler flag manifold $F_{1,2}(\mathbb C^3)$, and of its semi-Riemannian counterpart. We also develop a structural approach to the nearly Kaehler flag manifold $F_{1,2}(\mathbb C^3)$, expressing for example the curvature tensor in terms of the nearly Kaehler structure $J$ and the three canonical orthogonal complex structures.
We study the moduli space of quaternionic Kaehler structures on a compact manifold of dimension 4n (n>2) from a point of view of Riemannian geometry, not twistor theory. Then we obtain a rigidity theorem for quaternionic Kaehler structures of nonzero scalar curvature by observing the moduli space.
B. Y. Chen established sharp inequalities between certain Riemannian invariants and the squared mean curvature for submanifolds in real space form as well as in complex space form. In this paper we generalize Chen inequalities for submanifolds of Bochner Kaehler manifolds. Moreover, we consider CR-warped product submanifolds of Bochner Kaehler manifold and establish an inequality for scalar curvature.
We introduce slant Riemannian maps from Riemannian manifolds to almost Hermitian manifolds as a generalization of slant immersions, invariant Riemannian maps and anti-invariant Riemannian maps. We give examples, obtain characterizations and investigate the harmonicity of such maps. We also obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for slant Riemannian maps to be totally geodesic. Moreover we relate the notion of slant Riemannian maps to the notion of pseudo horizontally weakly conformal maps which are useful for proving various complex-analytic properties of stable harmonic maps from complex …
A Riemannian metric on a compact 4-manifold is said to be Bach-flat if it is a critical point for the L2-norm of the Weyl curvature. When the Riemannian 4-manifold in question is a Kaehler surface, we provide a rough classification of solutions, followed by detailed results regarding each case in the classification. The most mysterious case prominently involves 3-dimensional CR manifolds.
We introduce holomorphic Riemannian maps between almost Hermitian manifolds as a generalization of holomorphic submanifolds and holomorphic submersions, give examples and obtain a geometric characterization of harmonic holomorphic Riemannian maps from almost Hermitian manifolds to Kaehler manifolds.
The class W_1 of conformal Riemannian P-manifolds is the largest class of Riemannian almost product manifolds, which is closed with respect to the group of the conformal transformations of the Riemannian metric. This class is an analogue of the class of conformal Kaehler manifolds in almost Hermitian geometry. In the present work we study the natural connections on the manifolds (M, P, g) from the class W_1, i.e. the linear connections preserving the almost product structure P and the Riemannian metric g. We find necessary and sufficient conditions the curvature tensor of such a connection to …
Given any closed Kaehler manifold we define, following an idea by Eugenio Calabi, a Riemannian metric on the space of Kaehler metrics regarded as an infinite dimensional manifold. We prove several geometrical features of the resulting space, some of which we think were already known to Calabi. In particular, the space is a portion of an infinite dimensional sphere and admits explicit unique smooth solutions for the Cauchy and the Dirichlet problems for the geodesic equation.
Twistor forms are a natural generalization of conformal vector fields on Riemannian manifolds. They are defined as sections in the kernel of a conformally invariant first order differential operator. We study twistor forms on compact Kaehler manifolds and give a complete description up to special forms in the middle dimension. In particular, we show that they are closely related to Hamiltonian 2-forms. This provides the first examples of compact Kaehler manifolds with non-parallel twistor forms in any even degree.
Let $X$ be a toric variety and $u$ be a normalized symplectic potential of the corresponding polytope $P$. Suppose that the Riemannian curvature is bounded by 1 and $ \int_{\partial P} u ~ d σ< C_1, $ then there exists a constant $C_2$ depending only on $C_1$ and $P$ such that $\max_P u < C_2$. As an application, we show that if $(X,P)$ is analytic uniform $K$-stable, then the modified Calabi flow converges to an extremal metric exponentially fast by assuming that the Riemannian curvature is uniformly bounded along the Calabi flow. Also we provide a proof of a conjecture of Donaldson. Finally,…
We discuss a peculiar interplay between the representation theory of the holonomy group of a Riemannian manifold, the Weitzenboeck formula for the Hodge-Laplace operator on forms and the Lichnerowicz formula for twisted Dirac operators. For quaternionic Kaehler manifolds this leads to simple proofs of eigenvalue estimates for Dirac and Laplace operators. Moreover it enables us to determine which representations can contribute to harmonic forms. As a corollary we prove the vanishing of certain odd Betti numbers on compact quaternionic Kaehler manifolds of negative scalar curvature. We simplify …
We study the canonical complexifications of non-compact Riemannian symmetric spaces G/K by the Grauert tube construction. We determine the maximal such complexification, a domain already constructed in another context by Akhiezer and Gindikin (Math. Ann., 1990), and show that this domain is Stein. We show there is an alternative for a G-invariant complexification: it is either "rigid" (its automorphism group is G), or it is a Hermmitian symmetric space. We also determine when invariant complexifications, especially the maximal one, are Hermitian symmetric. This is expressed simply in terms of …
The theory of harmonic vector fields on Riemannian manifolds is generalised to pseudo-Riemannian manifolds. Harmonic conformal gradient fields on pseudo-Euclidean hyperquadrics are classified up to congruence, as are harmonic Killing fields on pseudo-Riemannian quadrics. A para-Kaehler twisted anti-isometry is used to correlate harmonic vector fields on the quadrics of neutral signature.
Following the approach to pseudo-Riemannian symmetric spaces developed in math.DG/0408249 we exhibit examples of indefinite hyper-Kaehler symmetric spaces with non-abelian holonomy. Moreover, we classify indecomposable hyper-Kaehler symmetric spaces whose metric has signature (4,4n). Such spaces exist if and only if n=0,1,3.
In this paper we obtain the structure equation of a contact-complex Riemannian submersion and give some applications of this equation in the study of almost cosymplectic manifolds with Kaehler fibres.
In this paper we introduce paraquaternionic CR-submanifolds of almost paraquaternionic hermitian manifolds and state some basic results on their differential geometry. We also study a class of semi-Riemannian submersions from paraquaternionic CR-submanifolds of paraquaternionic Kaehler manifolds.
We use some natural lifts defined on the cotangent bundle T*M of a Riemannian manifold (M,g) in order to construct an almost Hermitian structure (G,J) of diagonal type. The obtained almost complex structure J on T*M is integrable if and only if the base manifold has constant sectional curvature and the coefficients as well as their derivatives, involved in its definition, do fulfill a certain algebraic relation. Next one obtains the condition that must be fulfilled in the case where the obtained almost Hermitian structure is almost Kaehlerian. Combining the obtained results we get a family of …
Motivated by understanding the limiting case of a certain systolic inequality we study compact Riemannian manifolds having all harmonic 1-forms of constant length. We give complete characterizations as far as Kähler and hyperbolic geometries are concerned. In the second part of the paper, we give algebraic and topological obstructions to the existence of a geometrically 2-formal Kähler metric, at the level of the second cohomology group. A strong interaction with almost Kähler geometry is to be noted. In complex dimension 3, we list all the possible values of the second Betti number of a geome…
The warped product $N_1\times_f N_2$ of two Riemannian manifolds $(N_1,g_1)$ and $(N_2,g_2)$ is the product manifold $N_1\times N_2$ equipped with the warped product metric $g=g_1+f^2 g_2$, where $f$ is a positive function on $N_1$. Warped products play very important roles in differential geometry as well as in physics. A submanifold $M$ of a Kaehler manifold $\tilde M$ is called a $CR$-warped product if it is a warped product $M_T\times_f N_\perp$ of a complex submanifold $M_T$ and a totally real submanifold $M_\perp$ of $\tilde M$. In this article we survey recent results on warped product …
Conformal Killing forms are a natural generalization of conformal vector fields on Riemannian manifolds. They are defined as sections in the kernel of a conformally invariant first order differential operator. We show the existence of conformal Killing forms on nearly Kaehler and weak G_2-manifolds. Moreover, we give a complete description of special conformal Killing forms. A further result is a sharp upper bound on the dimension of the space of conformal Killing forms.
For an almost contact metric manifold $N$, we find conditions for which either the total space of an $S^1$-bundle over $N$ or the Riemannian cone over $N$ admits a strong Kähler with torsion (SKT) structure. In this way we construct new 6-dimensional SKT manifolds. Moreover, we study the geometric structure induced on a hypersurface of an SKT manifold, and use such structures to construct new SKT manifolds via appropriate evolution equations. Hyper-Kähler with torsion (HKT) structures on the total space of an $S^1$-bundle over manifolds with three almost contact structures are also studied.
We study surfaces in TN that are area-stationary with respect to a neutral Kaehler metric constructed on TN from a riemannian metric g on N. We show that holomorphic curves in TN are area-stationary, while lagrangian surfaces that are area-stationary are also holomorphic and hence totally null. However, in general, area stationary surfaces are not holomorphic. We prove this by constructing counter-examples. In the case where g is rotationally symmetric, we find all area stationary surfaces that arise as graphs of sections of the bundle TN$\to$N and that are rotationally symmetric. When (N,g) i…
We extend the Siu--Beauville theorem to a certain class of compact Kaehler--Weyl manifolds, proving that they fiber holomorphically over hyperbolic Riemannian surfaces whenever they satisfy the necessary topological hypotheses. As applications we obtain restrictions on the fundamental groups of such Kaehler--Weyl manifolds, and show that in certain cases they are in fact Kaehler.
Given a compact Riemannian manifold together with a group of isometries, we discuss MCF of the orbits and some applications: eg, finding minimal orbits. We then specialize to Lagrangian orbits in Kaehler manifolds. In particular, in the Kaehler-Einstein case we find a relation between MCF and moment maps which, for example, proves that the minimal Lagrangian orbits are isolated.
Four dimensional simply connected Lie groups admitting a pseudo Kähler metric are determined. The corresponding Lie algebras are modelized and the compatible pairs $(J,ω)$ are parametrized up to complex isomorphism (where $J$ is a complex structure and $ω$ is a symplectic structure). Such structure gives rise to a pseudo Riemannian metric $g$ for which $J$ is parallel. It is proved that most of these complex homogeneous spaces admit a pseudo Kähler Einstein metric. Ricci flat and flat metrics are determined. In particular Ricci flat unimodular Kähler Lie algebras are flat in dimension four. Ot…
In the paper we consider pseudo bihermitian structures - a pair of complex structures compatible with a pseudo Riemannian metric. As in the positive definite case we establish its relations with generalized (pseudo) Kaehler geometry and holomorphic Poisson structures. We provide a list of compact complex surfaces which could admit such structure and also examples of bihermitian structures on some of them. We also consider a naturally defined null plane distribution on generalized pseudo Kaehler 4-manifold and show that under a mild restriction it determines an Engel structure.
A Riemannian metric on a manifold M induces a family of Riemannian metrics on the loop space LM depending on a Sobolev space parameter s. We compute the connection forms of these metrics and the higher symbols of their curvature forms, which take values in pseudodifferential operators. These calculations are used in a followup paper "The Geometry of Loop Spaces II: Characteristic Classes" to construct Chern-Simons classes on the tangent bundle TLM which detect nontrivial elements in the diffeomorphism group of certain Sasakian 5-manifolds associated to Kaehler surfaces.
We verify the extension to the zero section of momentum construction of Kaehler-Einstein metrics and Kaehler-Ricci solitons on the total space Y of positive rational powers of the canonical line bundle of toric Fano manifolds with possibly irregular Sasaki-Einstein metrics. More precisely, we show that the extended metric along the zero section has an expression which can be extended to Y, restricts to the associated unit circle bundle as a transversely Kaehler-Einstein (Sasakian eta-Einstein) metric scaled in the Reeb flow direction, and that there is a Riemannian submersion from the scaled S…
We study the totally null surfaces of the neutral Kaehler metric on certain 4-manifolds. The tangent spaces of totally null surfaces are either self-dual ($α$-planes) or anti-self-dual ($β$-planes) and so we consider $α$-surfaces and $β$-surfaces. The metric of the examples we study, which include the spaces of oriented geodesics of 3-manifolds of constant curvature, are anti-self-dual, and so it is well-known that the $α$-planes are integrable and $α$-surfaces exist. These are holomorphic Lagrangian surfaces, which for the geodesic spaces correspond to totally umbilic foliations of the underl…
In this paper, we study Riemannian, anti-invariant Riemannian and Lagrangian submersions. We prove that the horizontal distribution of a Lagrangian submersion from a Kaehlerian manifold is integrable. We also give some applications of this result. Moreover, we investigate the effect of the submersion to the geometry of its total manifold and its fibers.
Let M be either a simply connected pseudo-Riemannian space of constant curvature or a rank one Riemannian symmetric space (other than the octonion hyperbolic plane), and consider the space L(M) of oriented geodesics of M. The space L(M) is a smooth homogeneous manifold and in this paper we describe all invariant symplectic structures, (para)complex structures, pseudo-Riemannian metrics and (para)Kaehler structure on L(M).
In this paper we provide examples of maps from almost complex domains into pseudo-Riemannian symmetric targets, which are pluriharmonic and not integrable, i.e. do not admit an associated family. More precisely, for one class of examples the source has a non-integrable complex structure, like for instance a nearly Kaehler structure and the target is a Riemannian symmetric space and for the other class the source is a complex manifold and the target is a pseudo-Riemannian symmetric space. These examples show, that a former result on the existence of associated families is sharp.
We characterize the Dirac structures that are parallel with respect to Gualtieri's canonical connection of a generalized Riemannian metric. On the other hand, we discuss Dirac structures that are images of generalized tangent structures. These structures turn out to be Dirac structures that, if seen as Lie algebroids, have a symplectic structure. Particularly, if compatibility with a generalized Riemannian metric is required, the symplectic structure is of the Kaehler type.
Let (M,J) be a minimal compact complex surface of Kaehler type. It is shown that the smooth 4-manifold M admits a Riemannian metric of positive scalar curvature iff (M,J) admits a KAEHLER metric of positive scalar curvature. This extends previous results of Witten and Kronheimer.
In this work we investigate Ricci flows of almost Kaehler structures on Lie algebroids when the fundamental geometric objects are completely determined by (semi) Riemannian metrics, or effective) regular generating Lagrange/ Finsler, functions. There are constructed canonical almost symplectic connections for which the geometric flows can be represented as gradient ones and characterized by nonholonomic deformations of Grigory Perelman's functionals. The first goal of this paper is to define such thermodynamical type values and derive almost Kähler - Ricci geometric evolution equations. The se…
Two homogeneous pseudo-riemannian manifolds $(G/H, ds^2)$ and $(G'/H', ds'^2)$ belong to the same {\it real form family} if their complexifications $(G_{\mathbb C}/H_{\mathbb C}, ds_{\mathbb C}^2)$ and $(G'_{\mathbb C}/H'_{\mathbb C}, ds'^2_{\mathbb C})$ are isometric. The point is that in many cases a particular space $(G/H, ds^2)$ has interesting properties, and those properties hold for the spaces in its real form family. Here we prove that if $(G/H, ds^2)$ is a geodesic orbit space with a reductive decomposition $\mathfrak{g} = \mathfrak{h} + \mathfrak{m}$, then the same holds all the memb…
Let $M^n$ be an $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold with boundary $\partial M$. Assume that Ricci curvature is bounded from below by $(n-1)k$, for $k\in \RR$, we give a sharp estimate of the upper bound of $ρ(x)=\dis(x, \partial M)$, in terms of the mean curvature bound of the boundary. When $\partial M$ is compact, the upper bound is achieved if and only if $M$ is isometric to a disk in space form. A Kaehler version of estimation is also proved. Moreover we prove a Laplace comparison theorem for distance function to the boundary of Kaehler manifold and also estimate the first eigenvalue of th…
Let M be a compact Riemannian manifold equipped with a parallel differential form ω. We prove a version of Kaehler identities in this setting. This is used to show that the de Rham algebra of M is weakly equivalent to its subquotient $(H^*_c(M), d)$, called {\bf the pseudocohomology} of M. When M is compact and Kaehler and ωis its Kaehler form, $(H^*_c(M), d)$ is isomorphic to the cohomology algebra of M. This gives another proof of homotopy formality for Kaehler manifolds, originally shown by Deligne, Griffiths, Morgan and Sullivan. We compute $H^i_c(M)$ for a compact G_2-manifold, showing th…
In this note, we look at estimates for the scalar curvature k of a Riemannian manifold M which are related to spin^c Dirac operators: We show that one may not enlarge a Kaehler metric with positive Ricci curvature without making k smaller somewhere on M. We also give explicit upper bounds for min(k) for arbitrary Riemannian metrics on certain submanifolds of complex projective space. In certain cases, these estimates are sharp: we give examples where equality is obtained.
There is a rich theory of so-called (strict) nearly Kaehler manifolds, almost-Hermitian manifolds generalising the famous almost complex structure on the 6-sphere induced by octonionic multiplication. Nearly Kaehler 6-manifolds play a distinguished role both in the general structure theory and also because of their connection with singular spaces with holonomy group the compact exceptional Lie group G2: the metric cone over a Riemannian 6-manifold M has holonomy contained in G2 if and only if M is a nearly Kaehler 6-manifold. A central problem in the field has been the absence of any complete …
Let $M$ be a complete Riemannian manifold and suppose $p\in M$. For each unit vector $v \in T_p M$, the $\textit{Jacobi operator}$, $\mathcal{J}_v: v^\perp \rightarrow v^\perp$ is the symmetric endomorphism, $\mathcal{J}_v(w) = R(w,v)v$. Then $p$ is an $\textit{isotropic point}$ if there exists a constant $κ_p \in \mathbf{R}$ such that $\mathcal{J}_v = κ_p \textit{ Id}_{v^\perp}$ for each unit vector $v \in T_pM$. If all points are isotropic, then $M$ is said to be isotropic; it is a classical result of Schur that isotropic manifolds of dimension at least 3 have constant sectional curvatures. …
Conditions, related to Kulkarni's equivalence problem are considered for indefinite Riemannian and Kaehlerian manifolds. Corresponding theorems are obtained for the values of the Ricci tensor on isotropic vectors as well as for the values of the curvature tensor on degenerate holomorphic 2-planes.
We define a class of metrics that extend the Sasaki metric of a tangent manifold of a Riemannian manifold. The new metrics are obtained by the transfer of the generalized (pseudo-)Riemannian metrics of the pullback of the big tangent bundle of a manifold to the tangent manifold. We obtain the expression of the transferred metric and we define a canonical, metric connection with torsion. We calculate the torsion, curvature and Ricci curvature of this connection and give a few applications of the results. We also discuss the transfer of generalized complex and generalized Kaehler structures.
