In the usual setup, the grading on Floer homology is relative: it is unique only up to adding a constant. "Graded Lagrangian submanifolds" are Lagrangian submanifolds with a bit of extra structure, which fixes the ambiguity in the grading. The idea is originally due to Kontsevich. This paper contains an exposition of the theory. Several applications are given, amongst them:
(1) topological restrictions on Lagrangian submanifolds of projective space, (2) the existence of "symplectically knotted" Lagrangian spheres on a K3 surface, (3) a result about the symplectic monodromy of weighted homogeneous hypersurface singularities.
Revised version: minor modifications, journal reference added.
This short and fairly informal note is an attempt to explain how methods of homological algebra may be brought to bear on problems in symplectic geometry. We do this by looking at a familiar sample question, which is that of the topology of Lagrangian submanifolds in the cotangent bundle of the sphere.
Floer's chain complexes for Lagrangian submanifolds in closed symplectic manifolds are generated by intersection points of Lagrangian submanifolds and whose differentials count pseudo-holomorphic strips with Lagrangian boundary conditions. In this paper we will propose Floer's chain complexes for Lagrangian submanifolds in symplectic manifolds with concave ends.
We construct a family of uncountably many Lagrangian submanifolds in the standard bidisks such that the Lagrangian Hofer diameter associated to each Lagrangian submanifold is unbounded. We also prove a certain inequality of the Lagrangian Hofer metric which is of the same type as S. Seyfaddini's for the case of the real form of the complex $n$-ball.
We investigate the extrinsic topology of Lagrangian submanifolds and of their submanifolds in closed symplectic manifolds using Floer homological methods. The first result asserts that the homology class of a displaceable monotone Lagrangian submanifold vanishes in the homology of the ambient symplectic manifold. Combining this with spectral invariants we provide a new mechanism for proving Lagrangian intersection results e.g. entailing that any two simply connected Lagrangian submanifold in $\CP^n\times\CP^n$ must intersect.
In this paper, we construct a Lagrangian submanifold of the moduli space associated to the fundamental group of a punctured Riemann surface (the space of representations of this fundamental group into a compact connected Lie group). This Lagrangian submanifold is obtained as the fixed-point set of an anti-symplectic involution defined on the moduli space. The notion of decomposable representation provides a geometric interpretation of this Lagrangian submanifold.
We make the elementary observation that the Lagrangian submanifolds of $\mathbb{C}^n$, for each $n \ge 3$, constructed by Ekholm, Eliashberg, Murphy and Smith are non-uniruled and moreover have infinite relative Gromov width. The construction of these submanifolds use exact Lagrangian caps, which obviously are non-uniruled in themselves. This property is also used to show that if a Legendrian submanifold inside a 1-jet space admits an exact Lagrangian cap then its Legendrian contact homology DGA is acyclic.
We prove a Seifert-van Kampen theorem for Legendrian submanifolds and exact Lagrangian cobordisms, and use it to calculate the change in the DGA caused by critical Legendrian ambient surgery.
We examine symplectic topological features of certain family of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds in CP^n. Firstly, we give a cohomological restriction for Lagrangian submanifolds in CP^n whose first integral homologies are 3-torsion. In particular, in the case where n=5,8, we prove the cohomologies with coefficients in Z_2 of such Lagrangian submanifolds are isomorphic to that of SU(3)/(SO(3) Z_3) and SU(3)/Z_3, respectively. Secondly, we calculate the Floer cohomology of a monotone Lagrangian submanifold SU(p)/Z_p in CP^{p^2-1} with coefficients in Z_2 by using Biran-Cornea's theory.
We study geodesics of Hofer's metric on the space of Lagrangian submanifolds in arbitrary symplectic manifolds from the variational point of view. We give a characterization of length-critical paths with respect to this metric. As a result, we prove that if two Lagrangian submanifolds are disjoint then we cannot join them by length-minimizing geodesics.
In this paper we establish a Floer-theoretical analog of the classical Gysin long exact sequence from algebraic topology for circle bundles. We study algebraic and functorial properties of this sequence and derive applications to computations of Lagrangian Floer homologies as well as to questions on the topology of Lagrangian submanifolds.
We introduce the notion of (graded) anchored Lagrangian submanifolds and use it to study the filtration of Floer' s chain complex. We then obtain an anchored version of Lagrangian Floer homology and its (higher) product structures. They are somewhat different from the more standard non-anchored version. The anchored version discussed in this paper is more naturally related to the variational picture of Lagrangian Floer theory and so to the likes of spectral invariants. We also discuss rationality of Lagrangian submanifold and reduction of the coefficient ring of Lagrangian Floer cohomology of …
We consider exact Lagrangian submanifolds in cotangent bundles. Under certain additional restrictions (triviality of the fundamental group of the cotangent bundle, and of the Maslov class and second Stiefel-Whitney class of the Lagrangian submanifold) we prove such submanifolds are Floer-cohomologically indistinguishable from the zero-section. This implies strong restrictions on their topology. An essentially equivalent result was recently proved independently by Nadler, using a different approach.
We find new obstructions on the topology of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds of $C^{n}$ under some hypothesis on the homology of their universal cover. In particular we show that nontrivial connected sums of manifolds of odd dimensions do not admit monotone Lagrangian embeddings into $\C^{n}$ whereas some of these examples are known to admit usual Lagrangian embeddings. In dimension three we get as a corollary that the only orientable Lagrangians in ${\bf C}^{3}$ are products $S^{1}\times Σ$.
We establish a new version of Floer homology for monotone Lagrangian submanifolds and apply it to prove the following (generalized) version of Audin's conjecture : if $L$ is an aspherical manifold which admits a monotone Lagrangian embedding in ${\bf C^{n}}$, then its Maslov number equals $2$. We also prove other results on the topology of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds $L\subset M$ of maximal Maslov number under the hypothesis that they are displaceable through a Hamiltonian isotopy.
We prove that every closed Bohr-Sommerfeld Lagrangian submanifold $Q$ of a symplectic/Kähler manifold $X$ can be realised as a Morse-Bott minimum for some 'convex' exhausting function defined in the complement of a symplectic/complex hyperplane section $Y$. In the Kähler case, 'convex' means strictly plurisubharmonic while, in the symplectic case, it refers to the existence of a Liouville pseudogradient. In particular, $Q\subset X\setminus Y$ is a regular Lagrangian submanifold in the sense of Eliashberg-Ganatra-Lazarev.
The main theorem of this paper asserts that the inclusion of the space of projective Lagrangian planes into the space of Lagrangian submanifolds of complex projective space induces an injective homomorphism of fundamental groups. We introduce three invariants of exact loops of Lagrangian submanifolds that are modelled on invariants introduced by Polterovich for loops of Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms. One of these is the minimal Hofer length in a given Hamiltonian isotopy class. We determine the exact values of these invariants for loops of projective Lagrangian planes. The proof uses the Grom…
We consider a Hamiltonian torus action on a compact connected symplectic manifold M. For a certain class of Lagrangian submanifolds Q of M we show that the image of Q under the momentum map is convex. As an application we complete the symplectic proof of Kostant's non-linear convexity theorem.
We prove that for any compact Lagrangian submanifold intersecting an open subset $U$ in tame symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$, the Hofer displacement energy of $L$ from $U$ is positive, provided $L \cap U \neq \emptyset$. We also give an explicitlower bound in terms of an $ε$-regularity type invariant for pseudo-holomorphic curves relative to $L$.
Our main result is the $\mathcal{C}^0$-rigidity of the area spectrum and the Maslov class of Lagrangian submanifolds. This relies on the existence of punctured pseudoholomorphic discs in cotangent bundles with boundary on the zero section, whose boundaries represent any integral homology class. We discuss further applications of these punctured discs in symplectic geometry.
This is a translation of an article appeared in Japanese in Suugaku 63 (2011), no. 1, 43-66 (MR2790665) and is a survey of Lagrangian Floer homology which the author studies jointly with Y.-G.Oh, H. Ohta, and K. Ono. It also contains some explanation on its relation to (homological) mirror symmetry.
We show that in many examples the non-displaceability of Lagrangian submanifolds by Hamiltonian isotopy can be proved via Lagrangian Floer cohomology with non-unitary line bundle. The examples include all monotone Lagrangian torus fibers in toric Fano manifold (which was also proven by Entov and Polterovich via the theory of symplectic quasi-states), some non-monotone Lagrangian torus fibers. We also extend the results by Oh and the author about the computations of Floer cohomology of Lagrangian torus fibers to the case of all toric Fano manifolds, removing the convexity assumption in the prev…
We consider various constructions of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds of $C P^n, S^2\times S^2$, and quadric hypersurfaces of $C P^n$. In $S^2\times S^2$ and $C P^2$ we show that several different known constructions of exotic monotone tori yield results that are Hamiltonian isotopic to each other, in particular answering a question of Wu by showing that the monotone fiber of a toric degeneration model of $C P^2$ is Hamiltonian isotopic to the Chekanov torus. Generalizing our constructions to higher dimensions leads us to consider monotone Lagrangian submanifolds (typically not tori) of quadri…
We extract from a toric model of the Chekanov-Schlenk exotic torus in $\mathbb{CP}^2$ methods of construction of Lagrangian submanifolds in toric symplectic manifolds. These constructions allow for some control of the monotonicity. We recover this way some known monotone Lagrangians in the toric symplectic manifolds $\mathbb{CP}^2$ and $\mathbb{CP}^1 \times \mathbb{CP}^1$ as well as new examples.
We describe families of monotone symplectic manifolds constructed via the symplectic cutting procedure of Lerman from the cotangent bundle of manifolds endowed with a free circle action. We also give obstructions to the monotone Lagrangian embedding of some compact manifolds in these symplectic manifolds.
In this note we study homological cycles in the mirror quintic Calabi-Yau threefold which can be realized by special Lagrangian submanifolds. We have used Picard-Lefschetz theory to establish the monodromy action and to study the orbit of Lagrangian vanishing cycles. For many prime numbers $p$ we can compute the orbit modulo $p$. We conjecture that the orbit in homology with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}$ can be determined by these orbits with coefficients in $\mathbb{Z}_p$.
We compare Hofer's geometries on two spaces associated with a closed symplectic manifold M. The first space is the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. The second space L consists of all Lagrangian submanifolds of $M \times M$ which are exact Lagrangian isotopic to the diagonal. We show that in the case of a closed symplectic manifold with $π_2(M) = 0$, the canonical embedding of Ham(M) into L, f $\mapsto$ graph(f) is not an isometric embedding, although it preserves Hofer's length of smooth paths.
Consider a Hamiltonian torus action on a connected symplectic manifold M for which the associated moment map Phi is proper in some sense. Let Q be a closed submanifold of M. We show that under certain local conditions on Q one has Phi(Q)=Phi(M). We apply this result in the special case that Q arises as the fixed point set of some involution on M which is not necessarily antisymplectic.
The quantum homology of the monotone complex quadric surface splits into the sum of two fields. We outline a proof of the following statement: The unities of these fields give rise to distinct symplectic quasi-states defined by asymptotic spectral invariants. In fact, these quasi-states turn out to be "supported" on disjoint Lagrangian submanifolds. Our method involves a spectral sequence which starts at homology of the loop space of the 2-sphere and whose higher differentials are computed via symplectic field theory, in particular with the help of the Bourgeois-Oancea exact sequence.
We study the relation of an embedded Lagrangian cobordism between two closed, orientable Legendrian submanifolds of R^{2n+1}. More precisely, we investigate the behavior of the Thurston-Bennequin number and (linearized) Legendrian contact homology under this relation. The result about the Thurston-Bennequin number can be considered as a generalization of the result of Chantraine which holds when n = 1. In addition, we provide a few constructions of Lagrangian cobordisms and prove that there are infinitely many pairs of exact Lagrangian cobordant and not pairwise Legendrian isotopic Legendrian …
We use Hamiltonian actions to construct nonstandard (as opposed to $\RP^n$ and $T^n$) Lagrangian submanifolds of $\CP^n$. First of all, a quotient of $\RP^3$ by the dihedral group $D_3$ is a Lagrangian submanifold of $\CP^3$. Secondly, $\Su(n)/\Z_n$ are Lagrangian submanifolds of $\CP^{n^2-1}$.
We discuss various algebraic quantum structures associated to monotone Lagrangian submanifolds and we present a number of applications, computations and examples.
The purpose of this paper is to give an application of the gluing theorem for special Lagrangian submanifolds of a Calabi-Yau 3-fold. We proved a gluing theorem before to smooth a codimension-two singularity of a particular special Lagrangian submanifold. In this paper we will show that this theorem can be applied to more general cases where different special Lagrangians are intersecting and gives a way of constructing new special Lagrangian submanifolds. As an example we will show that a smooth special Lagrangian submanifold can be obtained from five copies of RP^3 intersecting pairwise in a …
We prove that an immersed lagrangian submanifold in $\C^n$ with quadratic self-tangencies is rationally convex. This generalizes former results for the embedded and the immersed transversal cases.
We uncover the lowest order differential invariants of Lagrangian submanifolds under affine symplectic maps, and find out what happens when they are constant.
In this work, we prove a compactness theorem on the space of all Hamiltonian stationay Lagrangian submanifolds in a compact symplectic manifold with uniform bounds on area and total extrinsic curvature.
The branched deformations of immersed compact special Lagrangian submanifolds are studied in this paper. If there exists a nondegenerate $\mathbb{Z}_2$ harmonic 1-form over a special Lagrangian submanifold $L$, we construct a family of immersed special Lagrangian submanifolds $\tilde{L}_t$, that are diffeomorphic to a branched covering of $L$ and $\tilde{L}_t$ convergence to $2L$ as current. This answers a question suggested by Donaldson. Combining with the work of Abouzaid and Imagi, we obtain constraints for the existence of nondegenerate $\mathbb{Z}_2$ harmonic 1-forms.
Given a Lagrangian submanifold in a symplectic manifold and a Morse function on the submanifold, we show that there is an isotopic Morse function and a symplectic Lefschetz pencil on the manifold extending the Morse function to the whole manifold. From this construction we define a sequence of symplectic invariants classifying the isotopy classes of Lagrangian spheres in a symplectic 4-manifold.
In this work, we establish new rigidity results for the Maslov class of Lagrangian submanifolds in large classes of closed and convex symplectic manifolds. Our main result establishes upper bounds for the minimal Maslov number of displaceable Lagrangian submanifolds which are product manifolds whose factors each admit a metric of negative sectional curvature. Such Lagrangian submanifolds exist in every symplectic manifold of dimension greater than six or equal to four. The proof utilizes the relations between closed geodesics on the Lagrangian, the periodic orbits of geometric Hamiltonian flow…
This paper explores the topology of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds $L$ inside a symplectic manifold $M$ by exploiting the relationships between the quantum homology of $M$ and various quantum structures associated to the Lagrangian $L$.
We present an example of modified moduli space of special Bohr - Sommerfeld lagrangian submanifolds for the case when the given algebraic variety is the full flag $F^3$ for $\mathbb{C}^3$ and the very ample bundle is $K^{- \frac{1}{2}}_{F^3}$
We prove an equivariant deformation result for Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifolds of a Kahler manifold, with respect to deformations of its metric and almost complex structure that are compatible with an isometric Hamiltonian group action. This yields existence of Hamiltonian stationary Lagrangian submanifolds in possibly non-Kahler symplectic manifolds whose metric is arbitrarily close to a Kahler metric.
In this article we study complex properties of minimal Lagrangian submanifolds in Kaehler ambient spaces, and how they depend on the ambient curvature. In particular, we prove that, in the negative curvature case, minimal Lagrangians do not admit fillings by holomorphic discs. The proof relies on a mix of holomorphic curve techniques and on certain convexity results.
We consider Lagrangian-like submanifolds in certain even-dimensional 'symplectic-like' Poisson manifolds. We show, under suitable transversality hypotheses, that the pair consisting of the ambient Poisson manifold and the submanifold has unobstructed deformations and that the deformations automatically preserve the Lagrangian-like property.
Let $M$ be a manifold and $Λ$ a compact exact connected Lagrangian submanifold of $T^*M$. We can associate with $Λ$ a conic Lagrangian submanifold $Λ'$ of $T^*(M\times R)$. We prove that there exists a canonical sheaf $F$ on $M\times R$ whose microsupport is $Λ'$ outside the zero section. We deduce the already known results that the Maslov class of $Λ$ is $0$ and that the projection from $Λ$ to $M$ induces isomorphisms between the homotopy groups.
We prove that a smooth tropical hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^3$ can be lifted to a smooth embedded Lagrangian submanifold in $(\mathbb{C}^*)^3$. This completes the proof of the result announced in the article "Lagrangian pairs pants" arXiv:1802.02993. The idea of the proof is to use Lagrangian pairs of pants as the main building blocks.
R.C.McLean showed that the moduli space of nearby submanifolds of a smooth, compact, orientable special Lagrangian submanifold L in a Calabi-Yau manifold X is a smooth manifold and its tangent space at L is identified with the space of harmonic one forms on L. In this paper, we will extend this result from Calabi-Yau manifolds to the symplectic manifolds with non-integrable almost complex structure.
The purpose of this paper is to prove a gluing theorem for a given special Lagrangian submanifold of a Calabi-Yau 3-fold. The proof will be an adaption of the gluing techniques in J-holomorphic curve theory. It is a well known procedure in geometric analysis to construct new solutions to a given nonlinear partial differential equation by gluing known solutions. First an approximate solution is constructed and then using analytic methods it is perturbed to a real solution. In this paper the gluing theorem will be used for smoothing a singularity of a special Lagrangian submanifold. In particula…
We present a new notion of speciality which is valid for Bohr - Sommerfeld lagrangian submanifolds. For algebraic varieties it leads to the construction of finite dimensional moduli spaces which are algebraic starting with any ample line bundle. The construction can be exploited both in Geometric Quantization and Mirror Symmetry.
We give a construction of the Floer homology of the pair of {\it non-compact} Lagrangian submanifolds, which satisfies natural continuity property under the Hamiltonian isotopy which moves the infinity but leaves the intersection set of the pair compact. This construction uses the concept of Lagrangian cobordism and certain singular Lagrangian submanifolds. We apply this construction to conormal bundles (or varieties) in the cotangent bundle, and relate it to a conjecture made by MacPherson on the intersection theory of the characteristic Lagrangian cycles associated to the perverse sheaves co…
We give a coadjoint orbit's diffeomorphic deformation between the classical semisimple case and the semi-direct product given by a Cartan decomposition. The two structures admit the Hermitian symplectic form defined in a semisimple complex Lie algebra. We provide some applications such as the constructions of Lagrangian submanifolds.
We characterize isometric actions on compact Kaehler manifolds admitting a Lagrangian orbit, describing under which condition the Lagrangian orbit is unique. We furthermore give the complete classification of simple groups acting on the complex projective space with a Lagrangian orbit, and we give the explicit list of these orbits.
