Hiroshi Iriyeh, Takashi Otofuji
We study geodesics of Hofer's metric on the space of Lagrangian submanifolds in arbitrary symplectic manifolds from the variational point of view. We give a characterization of length-critical paths with respect to this metric. As a result, we prove that if two Lagrangian submanifolds are disjoint then we cannot join them by length-minimizing geodesics.
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We construct a family of uncountably many Lagrangian submanifolds in the standard bidisks such that the Lagrangian Hofer diameter associated to each Lagrangian submanifold is unbounded. We also prove a certain inequality of the Lagrangian Hofer metric which is of the same type as S. Seyfaddini's for the case of the real form of the complex $n$-ball.
Chekanov showed that the Hofer norm on the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism group of a geometrically bounded symplectic manifold induces a nondegenerate metric on the orbit of any compact Lagrangian submanifold under the group. In this paper we consider the orbits of more general submanifolds. We show that, for the Chekanov-Hofer pseudometric on the orbit of a closed submanifold to be a genuine metric, it is necessary for the submanifold to be coisotropic, and we show that this condition is sufficient under various additional geometric assumptions. At the other extreme, we show that the image of a g…
We compare Hofer's geometries on two spaces associated with a closed symplectic manifold M. The first space is the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. The second space L consists of all Lagrangian submanifolds of $M \times M$ which are exact Lagrangian isotopic to the diagonal. We show that in the case of a closed symplectic manifold with $π_2(M) = 0$, the canonical embedding of Ham(M) into L, f $\mapsto$ graph(f) is not an isometric embedding, although it preserves Hofer's length of smooth paths.
We prove that the displacement energy of a stable coisotropic submanifold is bounded away from zero if the ambient symplectic manifold is closed, rational and satisfies a mild topological condition.
We use the minimal coupling procedure of Sternberg and Weinstein and our pseudo-symplectic capacity theory to prove that every closed symplectic submanifold in any symplectic manifold has an open neighborhood with finite ($π_1$-sensitive) Hofer-Zehnder symplectic capacity. Consequently, the Weinstein conjecture holds near closed symplectic submanifolds in any symplectic manifold.
In this work, we establish new rigidity results for the Maslov class of Lagrangian submanifolds in large classes of closed and convex symplectic manifolds. Our main result establishes upper bounds for the minimal Maslov number of displaceable Lagrangian submanifolds which are product manifolds whose factors each admit a metric of negative sectional curvature. Such Lagrangian submanifolds exist in every symplectic manifold of dimension greater than six or equal to four. The proof utilizes the relations between closed geodesics on the Lagrangian, the periodic orbits of geometric Hamiltonian flow…
We introduce the concept of Hofer-Zehnder $G$-semicapacity (or $G$-sensitive Hofer-Zehnder capacity) and prove that given a geometrically bounded symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$ and an open subset $N \subset M$ endowed with a Hamiltonian free circle action $ϕ$ then $N$ has bounded Hofer-Zehnder $G_ϕ$-semicapacity, where $G_ϕ\subset π_1(N)$ is the subgroup generated by the homotopy class of the orbits of $ϕ$. In particular, $N$ has bounded Hofer-Zehnder capacity. We give two types of applications of the main result. Firstly, we prove that the cotangent bundle of a compact manifold endowed with a fr…
Hofer-Zehnder capacity as a geodesic selector
本文计算ℝ³中椭球单位余切丛的Hofer-Zehnder容量，通过两种互补方法推导其上下界，为正曲率黎曼二维球面的相关容量提供了界定。
We use Floer homology to study the Hofer-Zehnder capacity of neighborhoods near a closed symplectic submanifold M of a geometrically bounded and symplectically aspherical ambient manifold. We prove that, when the unit normal bundle of M is homologically trivial in degree dim(M) (for example, if codim(M) > dim(M)), a refined version of the Hofer-Zehnder capacity is finite for all open sets close enough to M. We compute this capacity for certain tubular neighborhoods of M by using a squeezing argument in which the algebraic framework of Floer theory is used to detect nontrivial periodic orbits. …
We use spectral invariants in Lagrangian Floer theory in order to show that there exist \emph{isometric} embeddings of normed linear spaces (finite or infinite dimensional, depending on the case) into the space of Hamiltonian deformations of certain Lagrangian submanifolds in tame symplectically aspherical manifolds. In addition to providing a new class of examples in which the Lagrangian Hofer metric can be computed explicitly, we refine and generalize some known results about it.
We introduce the notion of a symplectic capacity relative to a coisotropic submanifold of a symplectic manifold, and we construct two examples of such capacities through modifications of the Hofer-Zehnder capacity. As a consequence, we obtain a non-squeezing theorem for symplectic embeddings relative to coisotropic constraints and existence results for leafwise chords on energy surfaces.
A Hamiltonian circle action on a compact symplectic manifold is known to be a closed geodesic with respect to the Hofer metric on the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. If the momentum map attains its minimum or maximum at an isolated fixed point with isotropy weights not all equal to plus or minus one, then this closed geodesic can be deformed into a loop of shorter Hofer length. In this paper we give a lower bound for the possible amount of shortening, and we give a lower bound for the index ("number of independent shortening directions"). If the minimum or maximum is attained along a sub…
We prove that for any compact Lagrangian submanifold intersecting an open subset $U$ in tame symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$, the Hofer displacement energy of $L$ from $U$ is positive, provided $L \cap U \neq \emptyset$. We also give an explicitlower bound in terms of an $ε$-regularity type invariant for pseudo-holomorphic curves relative to $L$.
Helmut Hofer introduced in '93 a novel technique based on holomorphic curves to prove the Weinstein conjecture. Among the cases where these methods apply are all contact 3--manifolds $(M,ξ)$ with $π_2(M) \ne 0$. We modify Hofer's argument to prove the Weinstein conjecture for some examples of higher dimensional contact manifolds. In particular, we are able to show that the connected sum with a real projective space always has a closed contractible Reeb orbit.
The main theme of this paper is a relative version of the almost existence theorem for periodic orbits of autonomous Hamiltonian systems. We show that almost all low levels of a function on a geometrically bounded symplectically aspherical manifold carry contractible periodic orbits of the Hamiltonian flow, provided that the function attains its minimum along a closed symplectic submanifold. As an immediate consequence, we obtain the existence of contractible periodic orbits on almost all low energy levels for twisted geodesic flows with symplectic magnetic field. We give examples of functions…
We show that if (M,ω) is a closed symplectic manifold which admits a nontrivial Hamiltonian vector field all of whose contractible closed orbits are constant, then Hofer's metric on the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms of (M,ω) has infinite diameter, and indeed admits infinite-dimensional quasi-isometrically embedded normed vector spaces. A similar conclusion applies to Hofer's metric on various spaces of Lagrangian submanifolds, including those Hamiltonian-isotopic to the diagonal in M x M when M satisfies the above dynamical condition. To prove this, we use the properties of a Floer-theo…
Hausdorff limits of submanifolds of symplectic and contact manifolds
本文研究遵循黎曼几何界的浸入序列，并应用于辛与切触流形子流形序列，揭示了Hausdorff度量与Lagrangian Hofer及谱度量的相互作用，证明了邻近Lagrangian猜想和Viterbo谱范数猜想的度量版本，并推广了$C^0$与Hofer/谱极限的刚性结果。
The main theorem of this paper asserts that the inclusion of the space of projective Lagrangian planes into the space of Lagrangian submanifolds of complex projective space induces an injective homomorphism of fundamental groups. We introduce three invariants of exact loops of Lagrangian submanifolds that are modelled on invariants introduced by Polterovich for loops of Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms. One of these is the minimal Hofer length in a given Hamiltonian isotopy class. We determine the exact values of these invariants for loops of projective Lagrangian planes. The proof uses the Grom…
In this paper we consider the Arnold conjecture on the Lagrangian intersections of some closed Lagrangian submanifold of a closed symplectic manifold with its image of a Hamiltonian diffeomorphism. We prove that if the Hofer's symplectic energy of the Hamiltonian diffeomorphism is less than a topology number defined by the Lagrangian submanifold, then the Arnold conjecture is true in the degenerated (non-transversal) case.
In this article we study the Hofer geometry of a compact Lie group $K$ which acts by Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms on a symplectic manifold $M$. Generalized Hofer norms on the Lie algebra of $K$ are introduced and analyzed with tools from group invariant convex geometry, functional and matrix analysis. Several global results on the existence of geodesics and their characterization in finite dimensional Lie groups $K$ endowed with bi-invariant Finsler metrics are proved. We relate the conditions for being a geodesic in the group $K$ and in the group of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms. These results a…
Let $γ$ be a non-degenerate Ustilovsky geodesic in $Ham (M, ω)$ generated by $H$. We give a simple proof of a generalization of the conjecture stated in \cite{virtmorse}, relating the Morse index of $ γ$, as a critical point of the Hofer length functional, with the Conley Zehnder index of the extremizers of $H$, considered as periodic orbits.
We verify here some variants of topological and dynamical flavor of the injectivity radius conjecture in Hofer geometry, Lalonde-Savelyev \cite{citeLalondeSavelyevOntheinjectivityradiusinHofergeometry} in the case of $Ham (S^2)$ and $Ham(Σ, ω)$, for $Σ$ a closed positive genus surface. In particular we show that any loop in $Ham (S^2)$, respectively $Ham(Σ, ω)$ with $L ^{+}$ Hofer length less than $area(S ^{2} )/2$, respectively any $L ^{+} $ length is contractible through ($L ^{+} $) Hofer shorter loops, in the $C ^{\infty} $ topology. We also prove some stronger variants of this statement on…
Proof of Hofer-Wysocki-Zehnder's two or infinity conjecture
在接触结构具有挠第一陈类的前提下，证明了闭连通三维流形上Reeb流及$\mathbb{R}^4$上Hamilton流的二或无穷多周期轨道猜想，且不依赖非退化性假设。
We study lower semi-continuity properties of the volume, i.e., the surface area, of a closed Lagrangian manifold with respect to the Hofer- and $γ$-distance on a class of monotone Lagrangian submanifolds Hamiltonian isotopic to each other. We prove that volume is $γ$-lower semi-continuous in two cases. In the first one the volume form comes from a Kähler metric with a large group of Hamiltonian isometries, but there are no additional constraints on the Lagrangian submanifold. The second one is when the volume is taken with respect to any compatible metric, but the Lagrangian submanifold must b…
Following \cite{citeSavelyevVirtualMorsetheoryon$Omega$Ham$(Momega)$.}, we develop here a connection between Morse theory for the (positive) Hofer length functional $L: Ω\text {Ham}(M, ω) \to \mathbb{R}$, with Gromov-Witten/Floer theory, for monotone symplectic manifolds $ (M, ω) $. This gives some immediate restrictions on the topology of the group of Hamiltonian symplectomorphisms (possibly relative to the Hofer length functional), and a criterion for non-existence of certain higher index geodesics for the Hofer length functional. The argument is based on a certain automatic transversality p…
Hofer geometry via toric degeneration
本文利用环面退化在哈密顿微分同胚群上构造不同的齐次拟态射，研究了二次超曲面和del Pezzo曲面上的拉格朗日子流形，并证明了超重性及相关的辛拓扑应用。
We consider collections of Lagrangian submanifolds of a given symplectic manifold which respect uniform bounds of curvature type coming from an auxiliary Riemannian metric. We prove that, for a large class of metrics on these collections, convergence to an embedded Lagrangian submanifold implies convergence to it in the Hausdorff metric. This class of metrics includes well-known metrics such as the Lagrangian Hofer metric, the spectral norm and the shadow metrics introduced by Biran, Cornea and Shelukhin arXiv:1806.06630. The proof relies on a version of the monotonicity lemma, applied on a ca…
In this paper we introduce and study a distance, Gromov-Hausdorff distance, which measures how two filtered A $A_{\infty}$ categories are far away each other. In symplectic geometry the author associated a filtered$A_{\infty}$ category, Fukaya category, to a finite set of Lagrangian submanifolds. The Gromov-Hausdorff distance then gives a new invariant of a finite set of Lagrangian submanifolds. One can estimate it by the Hofer distance of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms needed to send one Lagrangain submanifold to the other. A motivation to introduce Gromov-Hausdorff distance is to obtain a certa…
Given a closed symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$ we introduce a certain quantity associated to a tuple of conjugacy classes in the universal cover of the group ${\hbox{\it Ham}} (M,ω)$ by means of the Hofer metric on ${\hbox{\it Ham}} (M,ω)$. We use pseudo-holomorphic curves involved in the definition of the multiplicative structure on the Floer cohomology of a symplectic manifold $(M,ω)$ to estimate this quantity in terms of actions of some periodic orbits of related Hamiltonian flows. As a corollary we get a new way to obtain Agnihotri-Belkale-Woodward inequalities for eigenvalues of products of u…
One purpose of this article is to establish a general method to determine stability of totally geodesic submanifolds of symmetric spaces. The method is used to determine the stability of the basic totally geodesic submanifolds $M_+,M_-$ introduced and studied by Chen and Nagano in [Totally geodesic submanifolds of symmetric spaces, II, Duke Math. J. 45 (1978), 405--425] as minimal submanifolds. The other purpose is to establish a stability theorem for minimal totally real submanifolds of Kählerian manifolds.
In this paper we study submanifolds of contact manifolds. The main submanifolds we are interested in are contact coisotropic submanifolds. Based on a correspondence between symplectic and contact coisotropic submanifolds, we can show contact coisotropic submanifolds admit a $C^0$-rigidity, similar to Humilière-Leclercq-Seyfaddini's coisotropic rigidity on symplectic manifolds. Moreover, based on Shelukhin's norm defined on the contactomorphism group, we define a Chekanov type pseudo-metric on the orbit space of a fixed submanifold of a contact manifold. Moreover, we can show a dichotomy of (no…
In general, Lagrangian Floer homology - if well-defined - is not isomorphic to singular homology. For arbitrary closed Lagrangian submanifolds a local version of Floer homology is defined in [Flo89, Oh96] which is isomorphic to singular homology. This construction assumes that the involved Hamiltonian function $H$ is sufficiently $C^2$-small and the almost complex structure is sufficiently standard. In this note we develop a new construction of local Floer homology which works for any (compatible) almost complex structure and all Hamiltonian function with Hofer norm less than the minimal (symp…
Our project is to define Radon-type transforms in symplectic geometry. The chosen framework consists of symplectic symmetric spaces whose canonical connection is of Ricci-type. They can be considered as symplectic analogues of the spaces of constant holomorphic curvature in Kählerian Geometry. They are characterized amongst a class of symplectic manifolds by the existence of many totally geodesic symplectic submanifolds. We present a particular class of Radon type tranforms, associating to a smooth compactly supported function on a homogeneous manifold $M$, a function on a homogeneous space $N…
The width of a Lagrangian is the largest capacity of a ball that can be symplectically embedded into the ambient manifold such that the ball intersects the Lagrangian exactly along the real part of the ball. Due to Dimitroglou Rizell, finite width is an obstruction to a Lagrangian admitting an exact Lagrangian cap in the sense of Eliashberg-Murphy. In this paper we introduce a new method for bounding the width of a Lagrangian Q by considering the Lagrangian Floer cohomology of an auxiliary Lagrangian L with respect to a Hamiltonian whose chords correspond to geodesic paths in Q. This is formal…
Homological Lagrangian monodromy and Wang exact sequence
该研究利用能量阈值条件证明 Lagrangian 子流形的同调单值性在无低能 J-全纯球面或圆盘时为平凡。
Invariant sets and spectral rigidity of Hamiltonian diffeomorphisms
该研究解决了Polterovich2002年关于二维哈密顿微分同胚Hofer度量刚性的问题，在高维自治哈密顿流等情形取得进展，相关结果适用于Viterbo谱度量等，运用定量拉格朗日Floer理论完成论证。
In this note we show the following result using the integral-geometric formula of R. Howard: Consider the totally geodesic $\mathbb{R}P^{2m}$ in $\mathbb{C}P^n$. Then it minimizes volume among the isotropic submanifolds in the same $\mathbb{Z}/2$ homology class in $\mathbb{C}P^n$ (but not among all submanifolds in this $\mathbb{Z}/2$ homology class). Also the totally geodesic $\mathbb{R}P^{2m-1}$ minimizes volume in its Hamiltonian deformation class in $\mathbb{C}P^n$. As a corollary we'll give estimates for volumes of Lagrangian submanifolds in complete intersections in $\mathbb{C}P^n$.
For an oriented isometric immersion $f:M\to S^n$ the spherical Gauss map is the Legendrian immersion of its unit normal bundle $UM^\perp$ into the unit sphere subbundle of $TS^n$, and the geodesic Gauss map $γ$ projects this into the manifold of oriented geodesics in $S^n$ (the Grassmannian of oriented 2-planes in $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$), giving a Lagrangian immersion of $UM^\perp$ into a Kaehler-Einstein manifold. We give expressions for the mean curvature vectors for both the spherical and geodesic Gauss maps in terms of the second fundamental form of $f$, and show that when $f$ has conformal sh…
In this paper we prove a symmetry result on submanifolds of codimension one in a n + 1-dimensional space form, related to the geodesic distance function and to the normal curvature of some fixed vector field. As applications we will prove sphere characterization type theorems for Kahler manifolds endowed with a toric group action.
We study configurations of disjoint Lagrangian submanifolds in certain low-dimensional symplectic manifolds from the perspective of the geometry of Hamiltonian maps. We detect infinite-dimensional flats in the Hamiltonian group of the two-sphere equipped with Hofer's metric, prove constraints on Lagrangian packing, find instances of Lagrangian Poincaré recurrence, and present a new hierarchy of normal subgroups of area-preserving homeomorphisms of the two-sphere. The technology involves Lagrangian spectral invariants with Hamiltonian term in symmetric product orbifolds.
Let (M,J) be an almost complex manifold. We show that the infinite-dimensional space Tau of totally real submanifolds in M carries a natural connection. This induces a canonical notion of geodesics in Tau and a corresponding definition of when a functional, defined on Tau, is convex. Geodesics in Tau can be expressed in terms of families of J-holomorphic curves in M; we prove a uniqueness result and study their existence. When M is Kähler we define a canonical functional on Tau; it is convex if M has non-positive Ricci curvature. Our construction is formally analogous to the notion of geodesic…
Lagrangian $k$-surgery modifies an immersed Lagrangian submanifold by topological $k$-surgery while removing a self-intersection. Associated to a $k$-surgery is a Lagrangian surgery trace cobordism. We prove that every Lagrangian cobordism is exactly homotopic to a concatenation of suspension cobordisms and Lagrangian surgery traces. This exact homotopy can be chosen with as small Hofer norm as desired. Furthermore, we show that each Lagrangian surgery trace bounds a holomorphic teardrop pairing the Morse cochain associated with the handle attachment to the Floer cochain generated by the self-…
We explore the relationship between contact forms on $\mathbb S^3$ defined by Finsler metrics on $\mathbb S^2$ and the theory developed by H. Hofer, K. Wysocki and E. Zehnder in \cite{HWZ,HWZ1}. We show that a Finsler metric on $\mathbb S^2$ with curvature $K\geq 1$ and with all geodesic loops of length $>π$ is dynamically convex and hence it has either two or infinitely many closed geodesics. We also explain how to explicitly construct $J$-holomorphic embeddings of cylinders asymptotic to Reeb orbits of contact structures arising from Finsler metrics on $\mathbb S^2$ with K=1 thus complementi…
A translation of "The Geometry of the Group of Symplectic Diffeomorphisms"
本书介绍霍费尔度量，研究哈密顿微分同胚群的直径、测地线及单参数子群增长，并应用于动力学和遍历理论。
Lagrangian metric geometry with Riemannian bounds
研究具有一致黎曼边界的精确拉格朗日子流形集合，在辛拓扑度量（如拉格朗日Hofer度量或谱度量）下的度量与辛性质，证明其完备化紧致且仅含有限哈密顿同痕类，并推广到单调拉格朗日子流形。
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