We consider non-selfadjoint operators of the kind arising in linearized NLS and prove dispersive bounds for the time-evolution without assuming that the edges of the essential spectrum are regular. Our approach does not depend on any specific properties of NLS. Rather, it is axiomatic on the linear level, and our results are obtained from four assumptions (which are of course motivated by NLS). This work is in three dimensions.
We prove dispersive estimates for linear Schroedinger equations in two space dimensions. The potential is assumed to be real-valued with some polynomial decay (faster than a negative third power), and zero energy is assumed to be a regular point for the perturbed resolvent.
We prove L^1 --> L^\infty estimates for the linear Schroedinger equation in three dimensions. The potential is assumed to belong to certain L^p spaces, but no pointwise decay estimates and no additional regularity is required.
We consider the Schroedinger operator in R^3 with N point interactions placed at Y=(y_1, ... ,y_N), y_j in R^3, of strength a=(a_1, ... ,a_N). Exploiting the spectral theorem and the rather explicit expression for the resolvent we prove a (weighted) dispersive estimate for the corresponding Schroedinger flow. In the special case N=1 the proof is directly obtained from the unitary group which is known in closed form.
The possibility of finite-time, dispersive blow up for nonlinear equations of Schroedinger type is revisited. This mathematical phenomena is one of the possible explanations for oceanic and optical rogue waves. In dimension one, the possibility of dispersive blow up for nonlinear Schroedinger equations already appears in [9]. In the present work, the existing results are extended in several ways. In one direction, the theory is broadened to include the Davey-Stewartson and Gross-Pitaevskii equations. In another, dispersive blow up is shown to obtain for nonlinear Schroedinger equations in spat…
We establish a dispersive estimate (with a decay of 1/t), valid for all times, for the Schroedinger evolution on a non-compact 2-dimensional manifold with a trapped geodesic.
We prove a general dispersive estimate for a Schroedinger type equation on a product manifold, under the assumption that the equation restricted to each factor satisfies suitable dispersive estimates. Among the applications are the two-particle Schroedinger equations on Euclidean spaces, and the nonlinear Schroedinger equation on the product of two real hyperbolic spaces.
We prove a dispersive estimate for the evolution of Schroedinger operators $H = -Δ+ V(x)$ in ${\mathbb R}^3$. The potential is allowed to be a complex-valued function belonging to $L^p(\R^3)\cap L^q(\R^3)$, $p < \frac32 < q$, so that $H$ need not be self-adjoint or even symmetric. Some additional spectral conditions are imposed, namely that no resonances of $H$ exist anywhere within the interval $[0,\infty)$ and that eigenfunctions at zero (including generalized eigenfunctions) decay rapidly enough to be integrable.
Global in time dispersive estimates for the Schroedinger and wave evolutions are obtained on manifolds with conical ends whose Hamiltonian flow exhibits trapping. This paper deals with the case of initial data with fixed "nonzero angular momentum".
We prove dispersive estimates for Schroedinger operators in dimension three without any assumptions on zero energy. Ie, we allows resonances and/or eigenvalues at zero energy.
We study a non-linear Schroedinger equation with a Hartree-type nonlinearity and a localized random time-dependent external potential. Sharp dispersive estimates for the linear Schroedinger equation with a random time-dependent potential enable us to also treat the case of small semi-linear perturbations. In both the linear and the nonlinear instances, we prove that, on average, energy remains bounded and solutions scatter.
We consider a class of nonlinear Schroedinger equation in three space dimensions with an attractive potential. The nonlinearity is local but rather general encompassing for the first time both subcritical and supercritical (in $L^2$) nonlinearities. We study the asymptotic stability of the nonlinear bound states, i.e. periodic in time localized in space solutions. Our result shows that all solutions with small initial data, converge to a nonlinear bound state. Therefore, the nonlinear bound states are asymptotically stable. The proof hinges on dispersive estimates that we obtain for the time d…
By developing the method of multipliers, we establish sufficient conditions on the electric potential and magnetic field which guarantee that the corresponding two-dimensional Schroedinger operator possesses no point spectrum. The settings of complex-valued electric potentials and singular magnetic potentials of Aharonov-Bohm field are also covered.
Global in time dispersive estimates for the Schroedinger and wave evolutions are obtained on manifolds with conical ends whose Hamiltonian flow exhibits trapping. This paper deals with the case of initial data with "zero angular momentum".
We prove dispersive estimates in R^3 for the Schroedinger evolution generated by the Hamiltonian H = -Δ+V, under optimal decay conditions on V, in the presence of zero energy eigenfunctions and resonances.
We consider the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two space dimensions with an attractive potential. We study the asymptotic stability of the nonlinear bound states, i.e. periodic in time localized in space solutions. Our result shows that all solutions with small, localized in space initial data, converge to the set of bound states. Therefore, the center manifold in this problem is a global attractor. The proof hinges on dispersive estimates that we obtain for the non-autonomous, non-Hamiltonian, linearized dynamics around the bound states.
Given a one dimensional perturbed Schroedinger operator H=-(d/dx)^2+V(x) we consider the associated wave operators W_+, W_- defined as the strong L^2 limits as s-> \pm\infty of the operators e^{isH} e^{-isH_0} We prove that the wave operators are bounded operators on L^p for all 1<p<\infty, provided (1+|x|)^2 V(x) is integrable, or else (1+|x|)V(x) is integrable and 0 is not a resonance. For p=\infty we obtain an estimate in terms of the Hilbert transform. Some applications to dispersive estimates for equations with variable rough coefficients are given.
We prove global smoothing and Strichartz estimates for the Schroedinger, wave, Klein-Gordon equations and for the massless and massive Dirac systems, perturbed with singular electromagnetic potentials. We impose a smallness condition on the magnetic part, while the electric part can be large. The decay and regularity assumptions on the coefficients are close to critical.
Resonances which result from perturbation of embedded eigenvalues are studied by time dependent methods. A general theory is developed, with new and weaker conditions, allowing for perturbations of threshold eigenvalues and relaxed Fermi Golden rule. The exponential decay rate of resonances is addressed; its uniqueness in the time dependent picture is shown is certain cases. The relation to the existence of meromorphic continuation of the properly weighted Green's function to time dependent resonance is further elucidated, by giving an equivalent time dependent asymptotic expansion of the solu…
We prove Strichartz estimates for the Schroedinger operator $H = -Δ+ V(t,x)$ with time-periodic complex potentials $V$ belonging to the scaling-critical space $L^{n/2}_x L^\infty_t$ in dimensions $n \ge 3$. This is done directly from estimates on the resolvent rather than using dispersive bounds, as the latter generally require a stronger regularity condition than what is stated above. In typical fashion, we project onto the continuous spectrum of the operator and must assume an absence of resonances. Eigenvalues are permissible at any location in the spectrum, including at threshold energies,…
We prove Strichartz-type estimates for Schroedinger's equation with time-dependent potentials. The time derivative of the potentials need not be integrable, so the total variation of the potentials may be infinite.
We consider time-dependent nonlinear Schroedinger equations subject to smooth, lattice-periodic potentials plus additional confining potentials, slowly varying on the lattice scale. After an appropriate scaling we study the homogenization limit for vanishing lattice spacing. Assuming well prepared initial data, the resulting effective dynamics is governed by a homogenized nonlinear Schroedinger equation with an effective mass tensor depending on the initially chosen Bloch eigenvalue. The given results rigorously justify the use of the effective mass formalism for the description of Bose-Einste…
We consider a singular Schrödinger operator in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)$ written formally as $-Δ- βδ(x-γ)$ where $γ$ is a $C^4$ smooth open arc in $\mathbb{R}^2$ of length $L$ with regular ends. It is shown that the $j$th negative eigenvalue of this operator behaves in the strong-coupling limit, $β\to +\infty$, asymptotically as \[ E_j(β)=-\frac{β^2}{4} +μ_j +\mathcal{O}\Big(\dfrac{\logβ}β\Big), \] where $μ_j$ is the $j$th Dirichlet eigenvalue of the operator \[ -\frac{d^2}{ds^2} -\frac{κ(s)^2}{4}\, \] on $L^2(0,L)$ with $κ(s)$ being the signed curvature of $γ$ at the point $s\in(0,L)$.
The aim of the paper is to derive spectral estimates on the eigenvalue moments of the magnetic Schroedinger operators defined on the two-dimensional disk with a radially symmetric magnetic field and radially symmetric electric potential.
We consider time-dependent Schroedinger equations in one dimension with double well potential and an external nonlinear perturbation. If the initial state belongs to the eigenspace spanned by the eigenvectors associated to the two lowest eigenvalues then, in the semiclassical limit, we show that the reduction of the time-dependent equation to a 2-mode equation gives the dominant term of the solution with a precise estimate of the error. By means of this stability result we are able to prove the destruction of the beating motion for large enough nonlinearity.
We prove trace inequalities for a self-adjoint operator on an abstract Hilbert space. These inequalities lead to universal bounds on spectral gaps and on moments of eigenvalues lambda_k that are analogous to those known for Schroedinger operators and the Dirichlet Laplacian, on which the operators of interest are modeled. In addition we produce inequalities that are new even in the model case. These include a family of differential inequalities for generalized Riesz means and theorems stating that arithmetic means of lambda_k^p for p <= 3 are universally bounded from above by multiples of the …
We investigate $L^1(\R^2)\to L^\infty(\R^2)$ dispersive estimates for the Schrödinger operator $H=-Δ+V$ when there are obstructions, resonances or an eigenvalue, at zero energy. In particular, we show that the existence of an s-wave resonance at zero energy does not destroy the $t^{-1}$ decay rate. We also show that if there is a p-wave resonance or an eigenvalue at zero energy then there is a time dependent operator $F_t$ satisfying $\|F_t\|_{L^1\to L^\infty} \lesssim 1$ such that $$\|e^{itH}P_{ac}-F_t\|_{L^1\to L^\infty} \lesssim |t|^{-1}, \text{for} |t|>1.$$ We also establish a weighted dis…
We prove L^1 --> L^\infty estimates for linear Schroedinger equations in dimensions one and three. The potentials are only required to satisfy some mild decay assumptions. No regularity on the potentials is assumed.
Let L be a Schroedinger operator with potential W in L^{(n+1)/2}. We prove that there is no embedded eigenvalue. The main tool is an Lp Carleman type estimate, which builds on delicate dispersive estimates established in a previous paper. The arguments extend to variable coefficient operators with long range potentials and with gradient potentials.
We consider a periodic system of domains coupled by small windows. In such domain we study the band spectrum of a Schroedinger operator subject to Neumann condition. We show that near each isolated eigenvalue of the similar operator but in the periodicity cell, there are several non-intersecting bands of the spectrum for the perturbed operator. We also discuss the position of the points at which the band functions attain the edges of each band.
Consider the H^{1/2}-critical Schroedinger equation with a cubic nonlinearity in R^3, i \partial_t ψ+ Δψ+ |ψ|^2 ψ= 0. It admits an eight-dimensional manifold of periodic solutions called solitons e^{i(Γ+ vx - t|v|^2 + α^2 t)} ϕ(x-2tv-D, α), where ϕ(x, α) is a positive ground state solution of the semilinear elliptic equation -Δϕ+ α^2ϕ= ϕ^3. We prove that in the neighborhood of the soliton manifold there exists a H^{1/2} real analytic manifold N of asymptotically stable solutions of the Schroedinger equation, meaning they are the sum of a moving soliton and a dispersive term. Furthermore, a sol…
We study the eigenvalues of the magnetic Schroedinger operator associated with a magnetic potential A and a scalar potential q, on a compact Riemannian manifold M, with Neumann boundary conditions if the boundary is not empty. We obtain several bounds for the spectrum. Besides the dimension and the volume of the manifold, the geometric quantity which plays an important role in these estimates is the first eigenvalue of the Hodge-de Rham Laplacian acting on co-exact 1-forms. In the 2-dimensional case, this is nothing but the first positive eigenvalue of the Laplacian acting on functions. As for…
In this article we obtain eigenvalue asymptotics for 2D and 3D-Schroedinger, Schroedinger-Pauli and Dirac operators in the situations in which the role of the magnetic field is important. These operators are essentially different and there is a significant difference between 2D and 3D-operators.
We study nuclear propagation through avoided crossings of electron energy levels. We construct a surface hopping semigroup, which gives an Egorov-type description of the dynamics. The underlying time-dependent Schroedinger equation has a two-by-two matrix-valued potential, whose eigenvalue surfaces have an avoided crossing. Using microlocal normal forms reminiscent of the Landau-Zener problem, we prove convergence to the true solution in the semi-classical limit.
We prove a dispersive estimate for the one-dimensional Schroedinger equation, mapping between weighted $L^p$ spaces with stronger time-decay ($t^{-3/2}$ versus $t^{-1/2}$) than is possible on unweighted spaces. To satisfy this bound, the long-term behavior of solutions must include transport away from the origin. Our primary requirements are that $(1+|x|)^3 V$ be integrable and $-Δ+ V$ not have a resonance at zero energy. If a resonance is present (for example in the free case), similar estimates are valid after projecting away from a rank-one subspace corresponding to the resonance.
In this article we prove time-global smoothing effects of dispersive pseudodifferential equations with constant coefficient radially symmetric symbols on real rank one symmetric spaces of noncompact type. We also discuss gain of regularities according to decay rates of initial values for the Schroedinger evolution equation. We introduce some isometric operators and reduce the arguments to the well-known Euclidean case. In our proof, Helgason's Fourier transform and the Radon transform as an elliptic Fourier integral operator play crucial roles.
We prove a dispersive estimate for the evolution of Schroedinger operators H = -Δ+ V(x) in three dimensions. The potential should belong to the closure of bounded compactly-supported functions with respect to the golbal Kato norm. Some additional spectral conditions are imposed, namely that no resonances or eigenfunctions of H exist anywhere on the positive half-line. The proof is an application of a new version of Wiener's L^1 inversion theorem.
We strengthen and generalise a result of Kirsch and Simon on the behaviour of the function $N_L(E)$, the number of bound states of the operator $L = Δ+V$ in $\R^d$ below $-E$. Here $V$ is a bounded potential behaving asymptotically like $P(ω)r^{-2}$ where $P$ is a function on the sphere. It is well known that the eigenvalues of such an operator are all nonpositive, and accumulate only at 0. If the operator $Δ_{S^{d-1}}+P$ on the sphere has negative eigenvalues $-μ_1,...,-μ_n$ less than $-(d-2)^2/4$, we prove that $N_L(E)$ may be estimated as \[ N_L(E)) = \frac{\log(E^{-1})}{2π}\sum_{i=1}^n \sq…
We prove for a class of nonlinear Schrödinger systems (NLS) having two nonlinear bound states that the (generic) large time behavior is characterized by decay of the excited state, asymptotic approach to the nonlinear ground state and dispersive radiation. Our analysis elucidates the mechanism through which initial conditions which are very near the excited state branch evolve into a (nonlinear) ground state, a phenomenon known as {\it ground state selection}. Key steps in the analysis are the introduction of a particular linearization and the derivation of a normal form which reflects the dyn…
For $α>1$ we consider the initial value problem for the dispersive equation $i\partial_t u +(-Δ)^{α/2} u= 0$. We prove an endpoint $L^p$ inequality for the maximal function $\sup_{t\in[0,1]}|u(\cdot,t)|$ with initial values in $L^p$-Sobolev spaces, for $p\in(2+4/(d+1),\infty)$. This strengthens the fixed time estimates due to Fefferman and Stein, and Miyachi. As an essential tool we establish sharp $L^p$ space-time estimates (local in time) for the same range of $p$.
We investigate nodal sets of magnetic Schroedinger operators with zero magnetic field, acting on a non simply connected domain in $\r^2$. For the case of circulation 1/2 of the magnetic vector potential around each hole in the region, we obtain a charactisation of the nodal set, and use this to obtain bounds on the multiplicity of the groundstate. For the case of one hole and a fixed electric potential, we show that the first eigenvalue takes its highest value for circulation 1/2.
This mini-course of 20 lectures aims at highlights of spectral theory for self-adjoint partial differential operators, with a heavy emphasis on problems with discrete spectrum. Part I: Discrete Spectrum (ODE preview, Laplacian - computable spectra, Schroedinger - computable spectra, Discrete spectral theorem via sesquilinear forms, Laplace eigenfunctions, Natural boundary conditions, Magnetic Laplacian, Schroedinger in confining well, Variational characterizations, Monotonicity of eigenvalues, Weyl's asymptotic, Polya's conjecture, Reaction-diffusion stability, Thin fluid film stability) Part …
We define a Schrödinger operator on the half-space with a discontinuous magnetic field having a piecewise-constant strength and a uniform direction. Motivated by applications in the theory of superconductivity, we study the infimum of the spectrum of the operator. We give sufficient conditions on the strength and the direction of the magnetic field such that the aforementioned infimum is an eigenvalue of a reduced model operator on the half-plane. We use the Schrödinger operator on the half-space to study a new semiclassical problem in bounded domains of the space, considering a magnetic Neuma…
We show that the time evolution of the operator $H = -Δ+ i(A \cdot \nabla + \nabla \cdot A) + V$ in R^3 satisfies Strichartz and smoothing estimates under suitable smoothness and decay assumptions on A and V but without any smallness assumptions. We require that zero energy is neither an eigenvalue nor a resonance.
We investigate $L^1(\mathbb R^4)\to L^\infty(\mathbb R^4)$ dispersive estimates for the Schrödinger operator $H=-Δ+V$ when there are obstructions, a resonance or an eigenvalue, at zero energy. In particular, we show that if there is a resonance or an eigenvalue at zero energy then there is a time dependent, finite rank operator $F_t$ satisfying $\|F_t\|_{L^1\to L^\infty} \lesssim 1/\log t$ for $t>2$ such that $$\|e^{itH}P_{ac}-F_t\|_{L^1\to L^\infty} \lesssim t^{-1},\,\,\,\,\,\text{for} t>2.$$ We also show that the operator $F_t=0$ if there is an eigenvalue but no resonance at zero energy. We …
We investigate $L^1(\mathbb R^n)\to L^\infty(\mathbb R^n)$ dispersive estimates for the Schrödinger operator $H=-Δ+V$ when there is an eigenvalue at zero energy and $n\geq 5$ is odd. In particular, we show that if there is an eigenvalue at zero energy then there is a time dependent, rank one operator $F_t$ satisfying $\|F_t\|_{L^1\to L^\infty} \lesssim |t|^{2-\frac{n}{2}}$ for $|t|>1$ such that $$\|e^{itH}P_{ac}-F_t\|_{L^1\to L^\infty} \lesssim |t|^{1-\frac{n}{2}},\qquad\textrm{ for } |t|>1.$$ With stronger decay conditions on the potential it is possible to generate an operator-valued expansi…
We study the operator $L=-Δ+q$ on a bounded domain $Ω\subset\mathbb R^n$, where $q(x)$ is a distributional potential. We find sufficient conditions for $q(x)$ which guarantee that $L$ is well--defined with Dirichlet and generalized Neumann boundary conditions. The asymptotics of the eigenvalues and the basis properties of the eigen- and associated functions of such operators are studied. The results are generalized for strongly elliptic operator of order $2m$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
In this paper we establish the orbital stability of periodic traveling waves for a general class of dispersive equations. We use the Implicit Function Theorem to guarantee the existence of smooth solutions depending of the corresponding wave speed. Essentially, our method establishes that if the linearized operator has only one negative eigenvalue which is simple and zero is a simple eigenvalue the orbital stability is determined provided that a convenient condition about the average of the wave is satisfied. We use our approach to prove the orbital stability of periodic dnoidal waves associat…
We prove dispersive estimates at low frequency in dimensions n greater or equal to 4 for the wave equation for a very large class of real-valued potentials, provided the zero is neither an eigenvalue nor a resonance.
We investigate $L^1(\mathbb R^n)\to L^\infty(\mathbb R^n)$ dispersive estimates for the Schrödinger operator $H=-Δ+V$ when there is an eigenvalue at zero energy in even dimensions $n\geq 6$. In particular, we show that if there is an eigenvalue at zero energy then there is a time dependent, rank one operator $F_t$ satisfying $\|F_t\|_{L^1\to L^\infty} \lesssim |t|^{2-\frac{n}{2}}$ for $|t|>1$ such that $$\|e^{itH}P_{ac}-F_t\|_{L^1\to L^\infty} \lesssim |t|^{1-\frac{n}{2}},\,\,\,\,\,\text{ for } |t|>1.$$ With stronger decay conditions on the potential it is possible to generate an operator-valu…
In this article we give an overview on some recent development of Littlewood-Paley theory for Schrödinger operators. We extend the Littlewood-Paley theory for special potentials considered in the authors' previous work. We elaborate our approach by considering potential in $C^\infty_0$ or Schwartz class in one dimension. In particular the low energy estimates are treated by establishing some new and refined asymptotics for the eigenfunctions and their Fourier transforms. We give maximal function characterization of the Besov spaces and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated with $H$. Then we prove…
Spectral theory for self-adjoint Dirac operators with periodic potentials and inverse scattering transform for the defocusing nonlinear Schroedinger equation with periodic boundary conditions
We obtain a dispersive long-time decay in weighted energy norms for solutions of 3D Klein-Gordon equation with magnetic and scalar potentials. The decay extends the results obtained by Jensen and Kato for the Schroedinger equation with scalar potential. For the proof we develop the spectral theory of Agmon, Jensen and Kato and minimal escape velocities estimates of Hunziker, Sigal and Soffer.
This paper considers the question of global in time existence and asymptotic behavior of small-data solutions of nonlinear dispersive equations with a real potential $V$. The main concern is treating nonlinearities whose degree is low enough as to preclude the simple use of classical energy methods and decay estimates. In their place, we present a systematic approach that adapts the space-time resonance method to the non-Euclidean setting using the spectral theory of the Schroedinger operator $-Δ+V$. We start by developing tools of independent interest, namely multilinear analysis (Coifman-Mey…
