It is an open conjecture that generalized Bessel functions associated with root systems have a positive product formula for non-negative multiplicity parameters of the associated Dunkl operators. In this paper, a partial result towards this conjecture is proven, namely a positive radial product formula for the non-symmetric counterpart of the generalized Bessel function, the Dunkl kernel. Radial hereby means that one of the factors in the product formula is replaced by its mean over a sphere. The key to this product formula is a positivity result for the Dunkl-type spherical mean operator. It can also be interpreted in the sense that the Dunkl-type generalized translation of radial functions is positivity-preserving. As an application, we construct Dunkl-type homogeneous Markov processes associated with radial probability distributions.
We prove turán type inequalities for Dunkl kernel. We provide a $q$-integral representation for the $q$-Dunkl kernel. Using a $q$-version of Schwartz inequality, we get a turán type inequalities for $q$-Dunkl kernel.
These lecture notes are intended as an introduction to the theory of rational Dunkl operators and the associated special functions, with an emphasis on positivity and asymptotics. We start with an outline of the general concepts: Dunkl operators, the intertwining operator, the Dunkl kernel and the Dunkl transform. We point out the connection with integrable particle systems of Calogero-Moser-Sutherland type, and discuss some systems of orthogonal polynomials associated with them. A major part is devoted to positivity results for the intertwining operator and the Dunkl kernel, the Dunkl-type he…
In this note, a new proof for the positivity of Dunkl's intertwining operator in the crystallographic case is given. It is based on an asymptotic relationship between the Opdam-Cherednik kernel and the Dunkl kernel as recently observed by M. de Jeu, and on positivity results of S. Sahi for the Heckman-Opdam polynomials and their non-symmetric counterparts.
We give an explicit integral formula for the Dunkl kernel associated to root system of type $A_2$ and parameter $k>0$, by exploiting recent result in [1].
In this paper, we are interested in the estimates of the Dunkl Kernel on some special sets, following the work of M.F.E. de Jeu and M. Rösler in \cite{R3}.
In this paper, we establish an integral expression for the Dunkl kernel in the context of Dihedral group of an arbitrary order by using the results in \cite{M-Y-Vk} where a construction of the Dunkl intertwining operator for a large set of regular parameter functions is provided. We introduce a differential equations systems that leads to the explicit expression of the Dunkl Kernel whenever an appropriate solution of it is obtained. In particular, an explicit expression of the Dunkl kernel $E_k(x,y)$ is given when one of its argument $x$ or $y$ is invariant under the action of a known reflecti…
We study Riesz distributions in the framework of rational Dunkl theory associated with root systems of type A. As an important tool, we employ a Laplace transform involving the associated Dunkl kernel, which essentially goes back to Macdonald, but was so far only established at a formal level. We give a rigorous treatment of this transform based on suitable estimates of the type A Dunkl kernel. Our main result is a precise analogue in the Dunkl setting of a well-known result by Gindikin, stating that a Riesz distribution on a symmetric cone is a positive measure if and only if its exponent is …
Dunkl operators associated with finite reflection groups generate a commutative algebra of differential-difference operators. There exists a unique linear operator called intertwining operator which intertwines between this algebra and the algebra of standard differential operators. There also exists a generalization of the Fourier transform in this context called Dunkl transform. In this paper, we determine an integral expression for the Dunkl kernel, which is the integral kernel of the Dunkl transform, for all dihedral groups. We also determine an integral expression for the intertwining ope…
We consider the Dunkl intertwining operator $V_α$ and its dual ${}^tV_α$, we define and study the Dunkl Sonine operator and its dual on $\mathbb{R}$. Next, we introduce complex powers of the Dunkl Laplacian $Δ_α$ and establish inversion formulas for the Dunkl Sonine operator $S_{α,β}$ and its dual ${}^tS_{α,β}$. Also, we give a Plancherel formula for the operator ${}^tS_{α,β}$.
In this paper, a new method is developed to obtain explicit and integral expressions for the kernel of the $(κ, a)$-generalized Fourier transform for $κ=0$. In the case of dihedral groups, this method is also applied to the Dunkl kernel as well as the Dunkl Bessel function. The method uses the introduction of an auxiliary variable in the series expansion of the kernel, which is subsequently Laplace transformed. The kernel in the Laplace domain takes on a much simpler form, by making use of the Poisson kernel. The inverse Laplace transform can then be computed using the generalized Mittag-Leffl…
In this paper, we derive a Laplace-type integral representations for both the generalized Bessel function and the Dunkl kernel associated with the rank-two root system of type B_2. The derivation of the first one elaborates on the integral representation of the generalized Bessel function proved in \cite{Demni} through the modified Bessel function of the first kind. In particular, we recover an expression of the density of the Duistermaat-Heckman measure for the dihedral group of order eight. As to the integral representation of the corresponding Dunkl kernel, it follows from an application of…
In this paper, we pursue the investigations started in \cite{Mas-You} where the authors provide a construction of the Dunkl intertwining operator for a large subset of the set of regular multiplicity values. More precisely, we make concrete the action of this operator on homogeneous polynomials when the root system is of dihedral type and under a mild assumption on the multiplicity function. In particular, we obtain a formula for the corresponding Dunkl kernel and another representation of the generalized Bessel function already derived in \cite{Demni0}. When the multiplicity function is every…
We derive two-sided bounds for the Newton and Poisson kernels of the $W$-invariant Dunkl Laplacian in geometric complex case when the multiplicity $k(α)=1$, i.e. for flat complex symmetric spaces. For the invariant Dunkl-Poisson kernel $P^W(x,y)$, the estimates are $$ P^W(x,y)\asymp \frac{P^{{\bf R}^d}(x,y)}{\prod_{α> 0 \ }|x-σ_αy|^{2k(α)}},$$ where the $α$'s are the positive roots of a root system acting in ${\bf R}^d$, the $σ_α$'s are the corresponding symmetries and $P^{{\bf R}^d}$ is the classical Poisson kernel in ${{\bf R}^d}$. Analogous bounds are proven for the Newton kernel when $d\ge…
We provide two equivalent approaches for computing the tail distribution of the first hitting time of the boundary of the Weyl chamber by a radial Dunkl process. The first approach is based on a spectral problem with initial value. The second one expresses the tail distribution by means of the $W$-invariant Dunkl-Hermite polynomials. Illustrative examples are given by the irreducible root systems of types $A$, $B$, $D$. The paper ends with an interest in the case of Brownian motions for which our formulae take determinantal forms.
The main goal of this paper is to give potential theoretical approach to study the Dunkl Laplacian $Δ_k$ which is a standard example of differential-difference operators. By introducing the Green kernel relative to $Δ_k$, we prove that the Dunkl Laplacian generates a balayage space and we investigate the associated family of harmonic measures. Therefore, by mean of harmonic kernels, we give a characterization of all $Δ_k$-harmonic functions on large class of open subsets $U$ of $\mathbb{R}^d$. We also establish existence and uniqueness result of a solution of the corresponding Dirichlet proble…
In this paper, a family of radial deformations of the realization of the Lie superalgebra osp(1|2) in the theory of Dunkl operators is obtained. This leads to a Dirac operator depending on 3 parameters. Several function theoretical aspects of this operator are studied, such as the associated measure, the related Laguerre polynomials and the related Fourier transform. For special values of the parameters, it is possible to construct the kernel of the Fourier transform explicitly, as well as the related intertwining operator.
We introduce the notion of Dunkl positive definite and strictly positive definite functions on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. This done by the use of the properties of Dunkl translation. We establish the analogue of Bochner's theorem in Dunkl setting. The case of radial functions is considered. We give a sufficient condition for a function to be Dunkl strictly positive definite on $\mathbb{R}^{d}.$
In this paper, we derive an integral representation for the density of the reciprocal of the first hitting time of the boundary of a wedge of angle $π/4$ by a radial Dunkl process with equal multiplicity values. Not only this representation readily yields the non negativity of the density, but also provides an analogue of Dufresne's result on the distribution of the first hitting time of zero by a Bessel process and a generalization of the Vakeroudis-Yor's identity satisfied by the first exit time from a wedge by a planar Brownian motion. We also use a result due to Spitzer on the angular part…
We generalize classical Hobson's formula concerning partial derivatives of radial functions on a Euclidean space to a formula in the Dunkl analysis. As applications we give new simple proofs of known results involving Maxwell's representation of harmonic polynomials, Bochner-Hecke identity, Pizzetti formula for spherical mean, and Rodrigues formula for Hermite polynomials.
Strichartz inequality for the solutions of free Schrödinger equation associated with Dunkl Hermite operator $H_κ$ is generalized to any system of orthonormal functions with initial data. A relation between the kernels of Schrödinger propagators ($e^{-it H_κ}$ and $e^{itΔ_κ}$) associated with the Dunkl Hermite and Dunkl Laplacian operators is established using which corresponding Schtrichartz inequality for orthonormal functions associated with Dunkl Laplacian is obtained.
In this note, we express explicitly the Dunkl kernel and generalized Bessel functions of type $A_{n-1}$ by the Humbert's function $Φ_{2}^{(n)}$, with one variable specified. The obtained formulas lead to a new proof of Xu's integral expression for the intertwining operator associated to symmetric groups, which was recently reported in [21].
We prove the existence and study properties of the Green function of the unit ball for the Dunkl Laplacian $Δ_k$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$. As applications we derive the Poisson-Jensen formula for $Δ_k$-subharmonic functions and Hardy-Stein identities for the Poisson integrals of $Δ_k$. We also obtain sharp estimates of the Newton potential kernel, Green function and Poisson kernel in the rank one case in $\mathbb{R}^d$. These estimates contrast sharply with the well-known results in the potential theory of the classical Laplacian.
We prove that the spherical mean value of the Dunkl-type generalized translation operator $τ^y$ is a positive $L^p$-bounded generalized translation operator $T^t$. As application, we prove the Young inequality for a convolution defined by $T^t$, the $L^p$-boundedness of $τ^y$ on a radial functions for $p>2$, the $L^p$-boundedness of the Riesz potential for the Dunkl transform and direct and inverse theorems of approximation theory in $L^p$-spaces with the Dunkl weight.
We study potential operators associated with Laguerre function expansions of convolution and Hermite types, and with Dunkl-Laguerre expansions. We prove qualitatively sharp estimates of the corresponding potential kernels. Then we characterize those $1 \le p,q \le \infty$, for which the potential operators are $L^p-L^q$ bounded. These results are sharp analogues of the classical Hardy-Littlewood-Sobolev fractional integration theorem in the Laguerre and Dunkl-Laguerre settings.
In this paper, we will give some results on the support of Dunkl translations on compactly supported functions. Then we will define Dunkl-type $BMO$ space and Riesz transforms for Dunkl transform on $L^\infty$, and prove the boundedness of Riesz transforms from $L^\infty$ to Dunkl-type $BMO$ space under the uniform boundedness assumption of Dunkl translations. The proof and the definition in Dunkl setting will be harder than in the classical case for the lack of some similar properties of Dunkl translations to that of classical translations. We will also extend the preciseness of the descripti…
Let $V_k$ denote Dunkl's intertwining operator associated with some root system $R$ and multiplicity function $k$. For two multiplicities $k, k^\prime$ on $R$, we study the operator $V_{k^\prime,k} = V_{k^\prime}\circ V_k^{-1}$, which intertwines the Dunkl operators for multiplicity $k$ with those for multiplicity $k^\prime.$ While it is well-known that the operator $V_k$ is positive for nonnegative $k$, it has been a long-standing conjecture that its generalizations $V_{k^\prime,k}$ are also positive if $k^\prime \geq k \geq 0,$ which is known to be true in rank one. In this paper, we disprov…
Dunkl theory is a far reaching generalization of Fourier analysis and special function theory related to root systems. During the sixties and seventies, it became gradually clear that radial Fourier analysis on rank one symmetric spaces was closely connected with certain classes of special functions in one variable. During the eighties, several attempts were made, mainly by the Dutch school, to extend these results in higher rank (i.e. in several variables), until the discovery of Dunkl operators in the rational case and Cherednik operators in the trigonometric case. Together with q-special fu…
We study Riesz and Bessel potentials in the settings of Hankel transform, modified Hankel transform and Hankel-Dunkl transform. We prove sharp or qualitatively sharp pointwise estimates of the corresponding potential kernels. Then we characterize those $1\le p,q \le \infty$, for which the potential operators satisfy $L^p-L^q$ estimates. In case of the Riesz potentials, we also characterize those $1\le p,q \le \infty$, for which two-weight $L^p-L^q$ estimates, with power weights involved, hold. As a special case of our results, we obtain a full characterization of two power-weight $L^p-L^q$ bou…
Georgetown University（乔治城大学）；Graduate Institute of Business Administration, College of Management, Fu Jen Catholic University（辅仁大学管理学院企业管理研究所）；Macquarie University（麦考瑞大学）；Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；Anhui University（安徽大学）
Let $G_λ^{(α,β)}$ be the eigenfunctions of the Dunkl-Cherednik operator $T^{(α,β)}$ on $\mathbb{R}$. In this paper we express the product $G_λ^{(α,β)}(x)G_λ^{(α,β)}(y)$ as an integral in terms of $G_λ^{(α,β)}(z)$ with an explicit kernel. In general this kernel is not positive. Furthermore, by taking the so-called rational limit, we recover the product formula of M. Rösler for the Dunkl kernel. We then define and study a convolution structure associated to $G_λ^{(α,β)}$.
For the kernel $B_{κ,a}(x,y)$ of the $(κ,a)$-generalized Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}_{κ,a}$, acting in $L^{2}(\mathbb{R}^{d})$ with the weight $|x|^{a-2}v_κ(x)$, where $v_κ$ is the Dunkl weight, we study the important question of when $\|B_{κ,a}\|_{\infty}=B_{κ,a}(0,0)=1$. The positive answer was known for $d\ge 2$ and $\frac{2}{a}\in\mathbb{N}$. We investigate the case $d=1$ and $\frac{2}{a}\in\mathbb{N}$. Moreover, we give sufficient conditions on parameters for $\|B_{κ,a}\|_{\infty}>1$ to hold with $d\ge 1$ and any $a$. We also study the image of the Schwartz space under the $\mathcal{F}…
We construct a two-parameter family of actions ω_{k,a} of the Lie algebra sl(2,R) by differential-difference operators on R^N \setminus {0}. Here, k is a multiplicity-function for the Dunkl operators, and a>0 arises from the interpolation of the Weil representation of Mp(N,R) and the minimal unitary representation of O(N+1,2) keeping smaller symmetries. We prove that this action ω_{k,a} lifts to a unitary representation of the universal covering of SL(2,R), and can even be extended to a holomorphic semigroup Ω_{k,a}. In the k\equiv 0 case, our semigroup generalizes the Hermite semigroup studie…
In this paper, we consider the normalized Bessel function of index $α> -\frac{1}{2}$, we find an integral representation of the term $x^nj_{α+n}(x)j_α(y)$. This allows us to establish a product formula for the generalized Hankel function $B^{κ,n}_λ$ on $\mathbb{R}$. $B^{κ,n}_λ$ is the kernel of the integral transform $\mathcal{F}_{κ,n}$ arising from the Dunkl theory. Indeed we show that $B^{κ,n}_λ(x)B^{κ,n}_λ(y)$ can be expressed as an integral in terms of $B^{κ,n}_λ(z)$ with explicit kernel invoking Gegenbauer polynomials for all $n\in\mathbb{N}^\ast$. The obtained result generalizes the prod…
We study the two-parameter family of unitary operators \[ \mathcal{F}_{k,a}=\exp\Bigl(\frac{iπ}{2a}\,(2\langle k\rangle+{d}+a-2 )\Bigr) \exp\Bigl(\frac{iπ}{2a}\,Δ_{k,a}\Bigr), \] which are called $(k,a)$-generalized Fourier transforms and defined by the $a$-deformed Dunkl harmonic oscillator $Δ_{k,a}=|x|^{2-a}Δ_{k}-|x|^{a}$, $a>0$, where $Δ_{k}$ is the Dunkl Laplacian. Particular cases of such operators are the Fourier and Dunkl transforms. The restriction of $\mathcal{F}_{k,a}$ to radial functions is given by the $a$-deformed Hankel transform $H_{λ,a}$. We obtain necessary and sufficient cond…
The paper introduces a new characterisation of strictly positive definiteness for kernels on the 2-sphere without assuming the kernel to be radially (isotropic) or axially symmetric. The results use the series expansion of the kernel in spherical harmonics. Then additional sufficient conditions are proven for kernels with a block structure of expansion coefficients. These generalise the result derived by Chen et al. 2003 for radial kernels to non-radial kernels.
The Dunkl operators associated to a dihedral group are a pair of differential-difference operators that generate a commutative algebra acting on differentiable functions in $\mathbb{R}^2$. The intertwining operator intertwines between this algebra and the algebra of differential operators. The main result of this paper is an integral representation of the intertwining operator on a class of functions. As an application, closed formulas for the Poisson kernels of $h$-harmonics and sieved Gegenbauer polynomials are deduced when one of the variables is at vertices of a regular polygon, and simila…
Consider the pseidounitary group $G=U(p,q)$ and its compact subgroup $K=U(p)$. We construct an explicit unitary intertwining operator from the tensor product of a holomorphic representation and a antiholomorphic representation of $G$ to the space $L^2(G/K)$. This implies the existense of a canonical action of the group $G\times G$ in $L^2(G/K)$. We also give a survey of analysis of Berezin kernels and their relations with special functions.
We study trace inequalities of the type $$ \| T_k f\|_{L^q(dμ)}\leq C \|f\|_{L^p(dσ)}, \qquad f \in L^p(dσ), $$ in the ``upper triangle case'' $1 \leq q<p$ for integral operators $T_k$ with positive kernels, where $dσ$ and $dμ$ are positive Borel measures on $\R^n$. Our main tool is a generalization of Th. Wolff's inequality which gives two-sided estimates of the energy ${\mathcal E}_{k, σ} [μ]=\int_{\R^n} (T_k [μ])^{p'} d σ$ through the $L^1(dμ)$-norm of an appropriate nonlinear potential $W_{k, σ}[μ]$ associated with the kernel $k$ and measures $dμ$, $d σ$. We initially work with a dyadic in…
This article studies sufficient conditions on families of approximating kernels which provide $N$--term approximation errors from an associated nonlinear approximation space which match the best known orders of $N$--term wavelet expansion. These conditions provide a framework which encompasses some notable approximation kernels including splines, so-called cardinal functions, and many radial basis functions such as the Gaussians and general multiquadrics. Examples of such kernels are given to justify the criteria, and some computational experiments are done to demonstrate the theoretical resul…
We give optimal bounds for the radial, space and time derivatives of arbitrary order of the heat kernel of the Laplace--Beltrami operator on Damek--Ricci spaces. In the case of symmetric spaces of rank one, these complete and actually improve conjectured estimates by Anker and Ji. We also provide asymptotics at infinity of all the radial and time derivates of the kernel. Along the way, we provide sharp bounds for all the derivatives of the Riemannian distance and obtain analogous bounds for those of the heat kernel of the distinguished Laplacian.
We give sharp asymptotic estimates at infinity of all radial partial derivatives of the heat kernel on H-type groups. As an application, we give a new proof of the discreteness of the spectrum of some natural sub-Riemannian Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators on these groups.
