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arXiv 1208.0872physics.opticsphysics.class-ph
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亚伯拉罕-闵可夫斯基争议的解决

Resolution of the Abraham-Minkowski Controversy

Masud Mansuripur

摘要:

在有质量介质中的光的动量有一个电磁部分和一个机械部分。动量的电磁部分的局部和瞬时密度由坡印廷矢量除以真空中光速的平方给出,而与电磁场的性质或材料介质的局部或全局性质无关。动量的机械部分与电磁场对介质的原子成分的作用有关,如洛伦兹力定律所规定的。正确解释和应用麦克斯韦-洛仑兹方程在物质体内,以及在其表面和界面是所有需要获得完整的图片光的动量,包括详细的数值在每一个点的空间和时间。Abraham-Minkowski关于物质介质中光的动量的争论持续了近一个世纪,这可能是由于对宏观麦克斯韦-洛伦兹理论的完整性和一致性认识不足,对物质边界处的电磁力和扭矩处理不当,和不适当的强调耦合电动力学方程的必要性,以正确处理机械动量的弹性理论。本文报道的解决方案的亚伯拉罕-闵可夫斯基的争论的经典电动力学理论的框架内,没有诉诸这些复杂的和最终不必要的因素,如伪动量,特殊的表面力,替代能量动量张量,和隐藏的动量,造成了这么多的混乱,这么长一段时间。

英文摘要:

The momentum of light inside ponderable media has an electromagnetic part and a mechanical part. The local and instantaneous density of the electromagnetic part of the momentum is given by the Poynting vector divided by the square of the speed of light in vacuum, irrespective of the nature of the electromagnetic fields or the local or global properties of the material media. The mechanical part of the momentum is associated with the action of the electromagnetic field on the atomic constituents of the media, as specified by the Lorentz law of force. Proper interpretation and application of the Maxwell-Lorentz equations within the material bodies as well as at their surfaces and interfaces is all that is needed to obtain a complete picture of the momentum of light, including detailed numerical values at each and every point in space and time. That the Abraham-Minkowski controversy surrounding the momentum of light inside material media has persisted for nearly a century is due perhaps to an insufficient appreciation for the completeness and consistency of the macroscopic Maxwell-Lorentz theory, inadequate treatment of the electromagnetic force and torque at the material boundaries, and an undue emphasis on the necessity of coupling the equations of electrodynamics to those of the theory of elasticity for proper treatment of mechanical momentum. The present paper reports the resolution of the Abraham-Minkowski controversy within the framework of the classical theory of electrodynamics, without resort to such complicating and ultimately unnecessary factors as pseudo-momentum, special surface forces, alternative energy-momentum tensors, and hidden momenta, that have caused so much confusion for such a long period of time.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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