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arXiv 1302.6492physics.opticsphysics.class-ph
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具有磁性和介电性的线性介质中的电磁动量和能量动量张量

Electromagnetic momentum and the energy-momentum tensor in a linear medium with magnetic and dielectric properties

Michael E. Crenshaw

摘要:

在连续介质中,能量-动量张量体现了能量守恒、线动量守恒和角动量守恒之间的关系。利用具有完整运动方程的线性封闭系统中定义明确的总能量和总动量,构造了具有磁性和介电性质的静止简单线性材料的总能量-动量张量,该材料由穿过梯度折射率减反射膜的准单色光脉冲照射.围绕亚伯拉罕和闵可夫斯基动量的令人困惑的问题被完全用守恒原理、总能量和总动量来处理。基于无痕、对称的总能量动量张量的物质四散度,我们导出了宏观场的电磁连续性方程和运动方程。我们确定宏观麦克斯韦方程组和守恒原理的连续形式之间的矛盾。我们解决的矛盾,这是实际的根本问题的亚伯拉罕-闵可夫斯基的争议,通过构建一个统一的版本的连续电动力学是基于建立之间的一致性三维麦克斯韦方程组宏观场,电磁连续性方程,四个发散的总能量动量张量,以及简单线性介质中宏观场电动力学的四维张量公式。

英文摘要:

In a continuum setting, the energy-momentum tensor embodies the relations between conservation of energy, conservation of linear momentum, and conservation of angular momentum. The well-defined total energy and the well-defined total momentum in a thermodynamically closed system with complete equations of motion are used to construct the total energy-momentum tensor for a stationary simple linear material with both magnetic and dielectric properties illuminated by a quasimonochromatic pulse of light through a gradient-index antireflection coating. The perplexing issues surrounding the Abraham and Minkowski momentums are bypassed by working entirely with conservation principles, the total energy, and the total momentum. We derive electromagnetic continuity equations and equations of motion for the macroscopic fields based on the material four-divergence of the traceless, symmetric total energy-momentum tensor. We identify contradictions between the macroscopic Maxwell equations and the continuum form of the conservation principles. We resolve the contradictions, which are the actual fundamental issues underlying the Abraham-Minkowski controversy, by constructing a unified version of continuum electrodynamics that is based on establishing consistency between the three-dimensional Maxwell equations for macroscopic fields, the electromagnetic continuity equations, the four-divergence of the total energy-momentum tensor, and a four-dimensional tensor formulation of electrodynamics for macroscopic fields in a simple linear medium.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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