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arXiv 1303.4980physics.optics
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线性介质中总电磁动量的场分量和物质分量分解

Decomposition of the Total Electromagnetic Momentum in a Linear Dielectric into Field and Matter Components

Michael E. Crenshaw

摘要:

亚伯拉罕-闵可夫斯基电磁动量争论的长期解决方案是基于将封闭连续电动力学系统的总动量分解为单独的场和物质分量。使用一个简单的线性电介质的微观模型,我们推导出拉格朗日方程的电偶极子的运动,并表明,电介质可以被视为一个固定的简谐振子的集合,由电场驱动,并产生一个极化场的响应。宏观的能量和动量是根据电、磁和极化场来定义的,这些场作为电磁辐射脉冲一起穿过电介质。我们的结论是,宏观能量和宏观动量是完全电磁性质的一个简单的线性电介质在没有显着的反射。

英文摘要:

The long-standing resolution of the Abraham--Minkowski electromagnetic momentum controversy is predicated on a decomposition of the total momentum of a closed continuum electrodynamic system into separate field and matter components. Using a microscopic model of a simple linear dielectric, we derive Lagrangian equations of motion for the electric dipoles and show that the dielectric can be treated as a collection of stationary simple harmonic oscillators that are driven by the electric field and produce a polarization field in response. The macroscopic energy and momentum are defined in terms of the electric, magnetic, and polarization fields that travel through the dielectric together as a pulse of electromagnetic radiation. We conclude that both the macroscopic energy and the macroscopic momentum are entirely electromagnetic in nature for a simple linear dielectric in the absence of significant reflections.

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