近零折射率材料内部的动量考虑
Momentum considerations inside near-zero index materials
摘要：
已知近零折射率（NZI）材料，即具有接近零的相位折射率的材料，增强或抑制光-物质相互作用。基本辐射过程的大多数理论推导依赖于能量考虑和细致平衡方程，而不是动量考虑。由于动量交换也应该被纳入理论模型，我们研究了三类NZI材料内部的动量，即ε和μ近零（EMNZ），ε近零（ENZ）和μ近零（MNZ）材料。在色散材料中Abraham-Minkowski争论的背景下，我们证明了在所有类别的NZI材料中光的Minkowski正则动量为零，而在ENZ和MNZ材料中光的Abraham-kinetic动量为零，但在EMNZ材料中不为零。我们从理论上证明了NZI材料中的动量反冲、光场向原子的动量转移和多普勒频移都受到了抑制。基本的辐射过程抑制也解释了由于三维NZI材料内的动量考虑。最后，在狭缝实验中没有衍射图样被认为是零闵可夫斯基动量的结果。这些发现对于更好地理解纳米尺度下的基本光-物质相互作用以及激光应用具有吸引力。
英文摘要：
Near-zero-index (NZI) materials, i.e. materials having a phase refractive index close to zero, are known to enhance or inhibit light-matter interactions. Most theoretical derivations of fundamental radiative processes rely on energetic considerations and detailed balance equations, but not on momentum considerations. Because momentum exchange should also be incorporated into theoretical models, we investigate momentum inside the three categories of NZI materials, i.e. inside epsilon-and-mu near-zero (EMNZ), epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) and mu-near-zero (MNZ) materials. In the context of Abraham-Minkowski debate in dispersive materials, we show that Minkowski-canonical momentum of light is zero inside all categories of NZI materials while Abraham-kinetic momentum of light is zero in ENZ and MNZ materials but nonzero inside EMNZ materials. We theoretically demonstrate that momentum recoil, transfer momentum from the field to the atom and Doppler shift are inhibited in NZI materials. Fundamental radiative processes inhibition is also explained due to those momentum considerations inside three-dimensional NZI materials. Lastly, absence of diffraction pattern in slits experiments is seen as a consequence of zero Minkowski momentum. Those findings are appealing for a better understanding of fundamental light-matter interactions at the nanoscale as well as for lasing applications.
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