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arXiv 2004.02565physics.optics
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关于各种维近零折射率介质中基本辐射过程的修正

On modifications of fundamental radiative processes in near-zero-index media of various dimensions

Lobet Michaël, Iñigo Liberal, Erik N. Knall, M. Zahirul Alam, Orad Reshef, Robert W. Boyd, Nader Engheta, Eric Mazur

摘要:

自发发射、受激发射和吸收是描述光与物质相互作用的三个基本辐射过程。在这里,我们从理论上研究了这些基本过程在折射率极小的无界介质中的行为,即,近零折射率(NZI)主介质。我们提出了一个广义的框架来研究这些过程,并发现NZI介质的空间维度对基本辐射过程的性质有深刻的影响。我们的形式主义突出了可用的光学模式的数量的作用,以及发射器耦合到这些模式的功能的尺寸和类的NZI媒体的能力。我们表明,基本的辐射过程被抑制在三维均匀无损零指数材料,但可能会强烈增强在零指数介质的降维。我们的研究结果在热,非线性和量子光学以及在光学或微波频率的量子超材料设计的影响。

英文摘要:

Spontaneous emission, stimulated emission and absorption are the three fundamental radiative processes describing light-matter interactions. Here, we theoretically study the behaviour of these fundamental processes inside an unbounded medium exhibiting a vanishingly small refractive index, i.e., a near-zero-index (NZI) host medium. We present a generalized framework to study these processes and find that the spatial dimension of the NZI medium has profound effects on the nature of the fundamental radiative processes. Our formalism highlights the role of the number of available optical modes as well as the ability of an emitter to couple to these modes as a function of the dimension and the class of NZI media. We demonstrate that the fundamental radiative processes are inhibited in 3D homogeneous lossless zero index materials but may be strongly enhanced in a zero index medium of reduced dimensionality. Our findings have implications in thermal, nonlinear and quantum optics as well as in designing quantum metamaterials at optical or microwave frequencies.

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