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arXiv 2301.03333physics.optics
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光子时变介质中的动量守恒教程

A tutorial on the conservation of momentum in photonic time-varying media

Angel Ortega-Gomez, Michaël Lobet, J. Enrique Vázquez-Lozano, Iñigo Liberal

摘要:

时变媒体打破了时间对称性,同时保持空间对称性不变。因此,它代表了一个很好的概念框架,调查的基本含义的诺特定理的电磁场。与此同时,解决随时间变化的介质中的动量守恒揭示了亚伯拉罕-闵可夫斯基的辩论,其中两种相反形式的电磁场动量进行了辩护。在这里,我们提出了一个教程回顾在随时间变化的媒体动量守恒。我们通过三种独立的方法证明了闵可夫斯基动量是一个守恒量,这些方法的复杂性不断增加:(i)通过在时间边界上应用麦克斯韦方程组的边界条件,(ii)测试运动常数并推导出守恒定律,以及(iii)在电磁场拉格朗日理论的框架内应用时间和空间平移。每种方法都提供了对问题的不同和互补的见解。

英文摘要:

Time-varying media break temporal symmetries while preserving spatial symmetries intact. Thus, it represents an excellent conceptual framework to investigate the fundamental implications of Noether's theorem for the electromagnetic field. At the same time, addressing momentum conservation in time-varying media sheds light on the Abraham-Minkowski debate, where two opposing forms of the electromagnetic field momentum are defended. Here, we present a tutorial review on the conservation of momentum in time-varying media. We demonstrate that the Minkowski momentum is a conserved quantity with three independent approaches of increasing complexity: (i) via the application of the boundary conditions for Maxwell equations at a temporal boundary, (ii) testing for constants of motion and deriving conservation laws, and (iii) applying temporal and spatial translations within the framework of the Lagrangian theory of the electromagnetic field. Each approach provides a different and complementary insight into the problem.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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