arXiv 1507.048362015-07-17physics.opticscond-mat.mes-hall

时变超表面与Lorentz非互易性

Time-Varying Metasurfaces and Lorentz Non-Reciprocity

Amr Shaltout, Alexander Kildishev, Vladimir Shalaev

摘要：

光学的基础方程，斯涅耳定律，涉及光穿过两种介质之间的界面的入射角和折射角。它建立在两个基本的约束上：切向动量守恒和能量守恒。当使用空间梯度相位不连续性时，通过放松经典的Snell定律光子动量守恒约束，光学超颖表面使得能够实现一种全新类别的超颖光学器件。在这里，我们表明，通过消除光子能量守恒约束时，引入时间梯度相位不连续性，我们可以进一步授权的平面光子学领域，并获得一个新的属的光学器件。通过这种方法，经典的Snell关系被发展成一个更普遍的形式，不受洛伦兹互易性的限制，因此，满足所有的要求，建设无磁光隔离器。此外，光子经历与时间梯度超颖表面的非弹性相互作用，这修改光子能量本征态并导致多普勒样波长偏移。因此，具有空间和时间梯度的超颖表面可以对大量的光子应用产生强烈的影响，并提供对光的物理特性的通用控制。

英文摘要：

A cornerstone equation of optics, Snell's law, relates the angles of incidence and refraction for light passing through an interface between two media. It is built on two fundamental constrains: the conservation of tangential momentum and the conservation of energy. By relaxing the classical Snell law photon momentum conservation constrain when using space-gradient phase discontinuity, optical metasurfaces enabled an entirely new class of ultrathin optical devices. Here, we show that by eradicating the photon energy conservation constrain when introducing time-gradient phase discontinuity, we can further empower the area of flat photonics and obtain a new genus of optical devices. With this approach, classical Snell relations are developed into a more universal form not limited by Lorentz reciprocity, hence, meeting all the requirements for building magnetic-free optical isolators. Furthermore, photons experience inelastic interaction with time-gradient metasurfaces, which modifies photonic energy eigenstates and results in a Doppler-like wavelength shift. Consequently, metasurfaces with both space- and time-gradients can have a strong impact on a plethora of photonic applications and provide versatile control over the physical properties of light.

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