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arXiv 0902.0938physics.optics
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自旋和angular momentum算子及其守恒性

Spin and angular momentum operators and their conservation

Michael Mazilu

摘要:

洛伦兹倒易引理和Feld-Tai倒易定理表明了麦克斯韦方程组中作用量和反应量互换的效果。我们得到一个自由空间版本的这些互易关系,概括了守恒的动量-能量张量。这个关系式对应于电磁波的干涉守恒。我们表明,对于任何变换或对称性,使麦克斯韦方程不变,我们可以修改的互易关系,引入守恒密度,光通量和应力张量延长诺特定理到一个不同的上下文。我们将这种方法应用于可以表示为厄米算子的变换,更具体地说,我们定义了与光能,自旋,线性和角动量相关的算子。

英文摘要:

Lorentz's reciprocity lemma and Feld-Tai reciprocity theorem show the effect of interchanging the action and reaction in Maxwell's equations. We derive a free-space version of these reciprocity relations which generalizes the conservation of the momentum-energy tensor. This relation corresponds to the interference conservation of electromagnetic waves. We show that for any transformation or symmetry that leaves Maxwell's equations invariant, we can modify the reciprocity relation to introduce a conserving density, optical flux and stress tensor extending Noether's theorem to a different context. We apply this method to transformations that can be expressed as Hermitian operators and more specifically we define the operators associated with the optical energy, spin, linear and angular momentum.

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