Electromagnetic Stress Tensor in Ponderable Media

Electromagnetic force and torque in ponderable media

Maxwell's macroscopic equations combined with a generalized form of the Lorentz law of force are a complete and consistent set of equations. Not only are these five equations fully compatible with special relativity, they also conform with conservation laws of energy, momentum, and angular momentum. We demonstrate consistency with the conservation laws by showing that, when a beam of light enters a magnetic dielectric, a fraction of the incident linear (or angular) momentum pours into the medium at a rate determined by the Abraham momentum density, ExH/c^2, and the group velocity V_g of the el…

Generalized Lorentz law and the force of radiation on magnetic dielectrics

The macroscopic equations of Maxwell combined with a generalized form of the Lorentz law are a complete and consistent set; not only are these five equations fully compatible with the special theory of relativity, they also conform with the conservation laws of energy, momentum, and angular momentum. The linear momentum density associated with the electromagnetic field is p_EM(r,t)=E(r,t)\timesH(r,t)/c^2, whether the field is in vacuum or in a ponderable medium. [Homogeneous, linear, isotropic media are typically specified by their electric and magnetic permeabilities epsilon_0*epsilon(w) and …

Resolution of the Abraham-Minkowski Controversy

The momentum of light inside ponderable media has an electromagnetic part and a mechanical part. The local and instantaneous density of the electromagnetic part of the momentum is given by the Poynting vector divided by the square of the speed of light in vacuum, irrespective of the nature of the electromagnetic fields or the local or global properties of the material media. The mechanical part of the momentum is associated with the action of the electromagnetic field on the atomic constituents of the media, as specified by the Lorentz law of force. Proper interpretation and application of the…

理论上建模的电介质介质偏振测量应力状态量化

Quantifying Stress States of Theoretically Modelled Polarimetric Measurements on Dielectric Media

本研究提出一种反射式偏振测量理论模型，通过计算 Stokes 向量并确定反射 Müller 矩阵，建立数据库以拟合求解电介质材料表面应力状态，理论精度达 MPa 量级。

Electromagnetic stress tensor for amorphous metamaterial medium

We analytically and numerically investigated the internal optical forces exerted by an electromagnetic wave inside an amorphous metamaterial medium. We derived, by using the principle of virtual work, the Helmholtz stress tensor, which takes into account the electrostiction effect. Several examples of amorphous media are considered, and different electromagnetic stress tensors, such as the Einstein-Laub tensor and Minkowski tensor, are also compared. It is concluded that the Helmholtz stress tensor is the appropriate tensor for such systems.

Comparison of theory and experiments on Van der Waals forces in media -- a survey

We present a critical overview comparing theoretical predictions and measurements of Van der Waals dispersion forces in media on the basis of the respective Hamaker constants. To quantify the agreement, we complement the reported experimental errors with those for the theoretical predictions, which are due to uncertainties in the underlying spectroscopic data. Our main finding is that the theoretical errors are often larger than their experimental counterparts. Within these uncertainties, the comparison confirms the standard Lifshitz theory based on the Abraham electromagnetic stress tensor ag…