arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1402.7262physics.opticsphysics.class-ph
收藏

有重介质中的电磁力和电磁转矩

Electromagnetic force and torque in ponderable media

Masud Mansuripur

摘要:

麦克斯韦的宏观方程与洛伦兹力定律的广义形式相结合,是一组完整且一致的方程。这五个方程不仅与狭义相对论完全相容,而且也符合能量、动量和角动量守恒定律。我们证明了与守恒定律的一致性:当一束光进入磁性介质时,入射线(或角)动量的一小部分以由亚伯拉罕动量密度ExH/c^2和电磁场群速度V_g确定的速率注入介质。入射、反射和透射动量的平衡随后在光束的前缘处作为力(或扭矩)传递到介质,光束以速度V_g通过介质传播。我们的分析并不要求“隐藏”动量遵守守恒定律,也不溶解成关于有重介质中电磁动量性质的模糊性。电磁场的线动量和角动量明显与亚伯拉罕动量有关,相位折射率和群折射率(n_p和n_g)在力、力矩和动量密度的表达式中起着明确而明确的作用。

英文摘要:

Maxwell's macroscopic equations combined with a generalized form of the Lorentz law of force are a complete and consistent set of equations. Not only are these five equations fully compatible with special relativity, they also conform with conservation laws of energy, momentum, and angular momentum. We demonstrate consistency with the conservation laws by showing that, when a beam of light enters a magnetic dielectric, a fraction of the incident linear (or angular) momentum pours into the medium at a rate determined by the Abraham momentum density, ExH/c^2, and the group velocity V_g of the electromagnetic field. The balance of the incident, reflected, and transmitted momenta is subsequently transferred to the medium as force (or torque) at the leading edge of the beam, which propagates through the medium with velocity V_g. Our analysis does not require "hidden" momenta to comply with the conservation laws, nor does it dissolve into ambiguities with regard to the nature of electromagnetic momentum in ponderable media. The linear and angular momenta of the electromagnetic field are clearly associated with the Abraham momentum, and the phase and group refractive indices (n_p and n_g) play distinct yet definitive roles in the expressions of force, torque, and momentum densities.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑