Let $P \subset A$ be an inclusion of separable unital C*-algebras with finite Watatani index. Suppose that $E \colon A \rightarrow P$ has the Rokhlin property, that is, there is a projection $e \in A' \cap A^\infty$ such that $E^\infty(e) = ({\rm Index}E)^{-1}1$. We show that if $A$ has nuclear dimension $n$, then $P$ has nuclear dimension less than or equal to $n$. In particular, if an action $α$ of a finite group $G$ on $A$ has the Rokhlin property, then the nuclear dimension of the crossed product algebra $A \rtimes_αG$ is less than or equal to that of $A$.
Let $A$ be a unital $C^*$-algebra and $X$ an invulutive $A-A$-equivalence bimodule. Let $A\subset C_X$ be the unital inclusion of unital $C^*$-algebras induced by $X$. We suppose that $A' \cap C_X =\mathbf{C} 1$. We shall compute the Picard group of the unital inclusion $A\subset C_X$.
We shall introduce the notion of the Picard group for an inclusion of $C^*$-algebras. We shall also study its basic properties and the relation between the Picard group for an inclusion of $C^*$-algebras and the ordinary Picard group. Furthermore, we shall give some examples of the Picard groups for unital inclusions of unital $C^*$-algebras.
Let $A$ and $B$ be unital $C^*$-algebras and let $H$ be a finite dimensional $C^*$-Hopf algebra. Let $H^0$ be its dual $C^*$-Hopf algebra. Let $(ρ, u)$ and $(σ, v)$ be twisted coactions of $H^0$ on $A$ and $B$, respectively. In this paper, we shall show the following theorem: We suppose that the unital inclusions $A\subset A\rtimes_{ρ, u}H$ and $B\subset B\rtimes_{σ, v}H$ are strongly Morita equivalent. If $A'\cap (A\rtimes_{ρ, u}H)=\BC1$, then there is a $C^*$-Hopf algebra automorphism $λ^0$ of $H^0$ such that the twisted coaction $(ρ, u)$ is strongly Morita equivalent to the twisted coaction…
We shall introduce the notions of the strong Morita equivalence for unital inclusions of unital $C^*$-algebras and conditional expectations from an equivalence bimodule onto its closed subspace with respect to conditional expectations from unital $C^*$-algebras onto their unital $C^*$-subalgebras. Also, we shall study their basic properties.
Let $P \subset A$ be a inclusion of unital C*-algebras and $E\colon A \to P$ be a conditional expectation of index finite type. We introduce a Rokhlin property for $E$ and discuss about $\mathcal{D}$-absorbing proeprty, where $\mathcal{D}$ is a separable, unital, strongly self-absorbing C*-algebra. In this paper we consider permanent properties for strongly self-absorbing property under inclusions of unital C*-algebras with a finite Watatani index.
Let $1 \in A \subset B$ be an inclusion of C*-algebras of C*-index-finite type with depth 2. We try to compute topological stable rank of $B$ ($= \tsr(B)$) when $A$ has topological stable rank one. We show that $\tsr(B) \leq 2$ when $A$ is a tsr boundedly divisible algebra, in particular, $A$ is a C*-minimal tensor product $UHF \otimes D$ with $\tsr(D) = 1$. When $G$ is a finite group and $α$ is an action of $G$ on UHF, we know that a crossed product algebra $UHF \rtimes_αG$ has topological stable rank less than or equal to two. These results are affirmative datum to a generalization of a ques…
In this paper we will introduce the tracial Rokhlin property for an inclusion of separable simple unital C*-algebras $P \subset A$ with finite index in the sense of Watatani, and prove theorems of the following type. Suppose that $A$ belongs to a class of C*-algebras characterized by some structural property, such as tracial rank zero in the sense of Lin. Then $P$ belongs to the same class. The classes we consider include:(1) Simple C*-algebras with real rank zero or stable rank one, (2) Simple C*-algebras with tracial rank zero or tracial rank less than or equal to one, (3) Simple C*-algebras…
Let B be a unital C*-algebra, let A be a unital subalgebra, and let E be a conditional expectation from B to A with index-finite type and a quasi-basis of n elements. Then the topological stable rank satisfies \tsr (B) \leq \tsr (A) + n - 1. As an application, we show that if a unital inclusion A \subset B of C*-algebras has index-finite type and finite depth, and A is simple with stable rank one and Property (SP), then B has cancellation. In particular, if A is a simple unital C*-algebra with stable rank one and Property (SP), and a finite group G acts on A, then the crossed product has cance…
When a unital \ca $A$ has topological stable rank one (write $\tsr(A) = 1$), we know that $\tsr(pAp) \leq 1$ for a non-zero projection $p \in A$. When, however, $\tsr(A) \geq 2$, it is generally faluse. We prove that if a unital C*-algebra $A$ has a simple unital C*-subalgebra $D$ of $A$ with common unit such that $D$ has \PSP and $\sup_{p\in P(D)}\tsr(pAp) < \infty$, then $\tsr(A) \leq 2.$ As an application let $A$ be a simple unital \ca with $\tsr(A) = 1$ and \PSP, $\{G_k\}_{k=1}^n$ finite groups, $\af_k$ actions from $G_k$ to ${\rm Aut}((...((A\times_{\af_1}G_1)\times_{\af_2} G_2)...)\times…
We consider two twisted actions of a countable discrete group on $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebras. Then by taking the reduced crossed products, we get two inclusions of $C^*$-algebras. We suppose that they are strongly Morita equivalent as inclusions of $C^*$-algebras. Also, we suppose that one of the inclusions is irreducible, that is, the relative commutant of one of the $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebra in the multiplier $C^*$-algebra of the reduced twisted crossed product is trivial. We show that the two actions are then strongly Morita equivalent up to some automorphism of the group.
In the paper, we introduce a new concept of topological orbit dimension of $n$-tuples of elements in a unital C$^*$ algebra. Using this concept, we conclude that the Voiculescu's topological free entropy dimension of any family of self-adjoint generators of a nuclear C$^*$ algebra is less than or equal to 1. We also show that the topological free entropy dimension is additive in the full free products of unital C$^*$ algebras. In the appendix, we show that unital full free product of Blackadar and Kirchberg's unital MF algebras is also MF algebra.
Let $\mathcal{A}= \{A_t \}_{t \in G}$ and $\mathcal{B}= \{B_t \}_{t\in G}$ be $C^*$-algebraic bundles over a finite group $G$. Let $C=\oplus_{t \in G}A_t$ and $D=\oplus_{t\in G}B_t$. Also, let $A=A_e$ and $B=B_e$, where $e$ is the unit element in $G$. We suppose that $C$ and $D$ are unital and $A$ and $B$ have the unit elements in $C$ and $D$, respectively. In this paper, we shall show that if there is an equivalence $\mathcal{A}-\mathcal{B}$-bundle over $G$ with some properties, then the unital inclusions of unital $C^*$-algebras $A \subset C$ and $B \subset D$ induced by $\mathcal{A}$ and $\…
We consider two saturated Fell bundles over a countable discrete group, whose unit fibers are $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebras. Then by taking the reduced cross-sectional $C^*$-algebras, we get two inclusions of $C^*$-algebras. We suppose that they are strongly Morita equivalent as inclusions of $C^*$-algebras. Also, we suppose that one of the inclusions of $C^*$-algebras is irreducible, that is, the relative commutant of one of the unit fiber algebras, which is a $σ$-unital $C^*$-algebra, in the multiplier $C^*$-algebra of the reduced cross-sectional $C^*$-algebra is trivial. We show that the two sa…
We introduce notions of the Rohlin property and the approximate representability for inclusions of unital $C^*$-algebras. We investigate a dual relation between the Rohlin property and the approximate representability. We prove that a number of classes of unital $C^*$-algebras are closed under inclusions with the Rohlin property, including: AF algebras, AI algebras, AT algebras, and related classes characterized by direct limit decomposition using semiprojective building blocks. $C^*$-algebras with stable rank one. $C^*$-algebras with real rank zero.
We shall generalize the notion of the strong Morita equivalence for coactions of a finite dimensional $C^*$-Hopf algebra on a unital $C^*$-algebra and define the Picard groups with respect to the generalized strong Morita equivalence. We call them the generalized Picard groups for coactions of a finite dimensional $C^*$-Hopf algebra on a unital $C^*$-algeba. We shall investigate basic properties of the generalized Picard groups and clarify the relation between the generalized Picard groups and the Picard groups for unital inclusions of unital $C^*$-algebras.
For any unital separable simple infinite-dimensional nuclear C*-algebra with finitely many extremal traces, we prove that Z-absorption, strict comparison, and property (SI) are equivalent. We also show that any unital separable simple nuclear C*-algebra with tracial rank zero is approximately divisible, and hence is Z-absorbing.
Texas Christian University（德克萨斯基督教大学）；University of Southern Denmark（南丹麦大学）；University of Nebraska-Lincoln（内布拉斯加大学林肯分校）；University of Ottawa（渥太华大学）；University of Oxford（牛津大学）
It is shown that if a C*-algebra has nuclear dimension $n$ then its Cuntz semigroup has the property of $n$-comparison. It then follows from results by Ortega, Perera, and Rordam that $σ$-unital C*-algebras of finite nuclear dimension (and even of nuclear dimension at most $ω$) are stable if and only if they have no non-zero unital quotients and no non-zero bounded traces.
Elliott and Kucerovsky stated that a non-unital extension of separable $C^\ast$-algebras with a stable ideal, is nuclearly absorbing if and only if the extension is purely large. However, their proof was flawed. We give a counter example to their theorem as stated, but establish an equivalent formulation of nuclear absorption under a very mild additional assumption to being purely large. In particular, if the quotient algebra is non-unital, then we show that the original theorem applies. We also examine how this effects results in classification theory.
The subject of quasidiagonality is of much interest in many places - among other things, in the classification program for simple unital separable nuclear C*-algebras. In this note, we give two characterizations of nuclearity and quasidiagonality (for simple unital separable C*-algebras). Our first characterization is the nuclear analogue of Dadarlat's characterization of exact quasidiagonal C*-algebras. Our second characterizatiion is "dual" to the interesting (and important) Popa property first studied by Popa.
Let $A \subset C$ and $B \subset D$ be unital inclusions of unital $C^*$-algebras. Let ${}_A \mathbf{B}_A (C, A)$ (resp. ${}_B \mathbf{B}_B (D, B)$) be the space of all bounded $A$-bimodule (resp. $B$-bimodule) linear maps from $C$ (resp. $D$) to $A$ (resp. $B$). We suppose that $A \subset C$ and $B \subset D$ are strongly Morita equivalent. We shall show that there is an isometric isomorphism $f$ of ${}_A \mathbf{B}_A (C, A)$ onto ${}_B \mathbf{B}_B (D, B)$ and we shall study on basic properties about $f$.
We extend in this paper the characterisation of a separable nuclear \cst-algebra given by Kirchberg proving that given a unital separable continuous field of nuclear C*-algebras A over a compact metrizable space X, the C(X)-algebra A is isomorphic to a unital C(X)-subalgebra of the trivial continuous field C(X;O_2), image of C(X;O_2) by a norm one projection.
Let A be a unital C*-algebra. We shall introduce involutive A-A-equivalence bimodules and prove that any C*-algebra containing A with Watatani index 2 is constructed by an involutive A-A-equivalence bimodule.
We give a classification theorem for unital separable nuclear simple \CA s with tracial rank no more than one. Let $A$ and $B$ be two unital separable simple nuclear \CA s with $TR(A), TR(B)\le 1$ which satisfy the universal coefficient theorem. We show that $A\cong B$ if and only if $$ (K_0(A), K_0(A)_+, [1_A], K_1(A), T(A)) \cong (K_0(B), K_0(B)_+, [1_B], K_1(B), T(B)). $$
Let $D \subseteq A$ be an inclusion of unital abelian $C^*$-algebras. In this note we characterize (in topological terms) when there is a unique conditional expectation $E:A \to D$, at least when $A$ is separable. As an application, we provide the first example of an inclusion with a unique conditional expectation, but multiple pseudo-expectations (in the sense of Pitts).
We study the local operator space structure of nuclear $C^*$-algebras. It is shown that a $C^*$-algebra is nuclear if and only if it is an $\OL_{\infty, \la}$ space for some (and actually for every) $\la > 6$. The $\OL_\infty$ constant $λ$ provides an interesting invariant \[ \OL_\infty (\A) = \inf\{\la: ~ \A ~{\rm is ~ an} ~ {\OL}_{\infty, \la} ~ {\rm space}\} \] for nuclear $C^*$-algebras. Indeed, if $\A$ is a nuclear $C^*$-algebra, then we have $1\le \OL_\infty (\A) \le 6$, and if $\A$ is a unital nuclear $C^*$-algebra with $\OL_{\infty} (\A) \le (\frac {1+{\sqrt 5}}2)^{\frac 12}$, we show …
Suppose that $A,B$ are nuclear, separable ${\rm C}^*$-algebras of stable rank one and real rank zero, $A$ is unital simple, $B$ is stable and $({\rm K}_0(B),{\rm K}_0^+(B))$ is weakly unperforated in the sense of Elliott \cite{Ell}. We show that any unital extension with trivial index maps of $A$ by $B$ is absorbing.
We introduce the concept of finitely coloured equivalence for unital *-homomorphisms between C*-algebras, for which unitary equivalence is the 1-coloured case. We use this notion to classify *-homomorphisms from separable, unital, nuclear C*-algebras into ultrapowers of simple, unital, nuclear, Z-stable C*-algebras with compact extremal trace space up to 2-coloured equivalence by their behaviour on traces; this is based on a 1-coloured classification theorem for certain order zero maps, also in terms of tracial data. As an application we calculate the nuclear dimension of non-AF, simple, separ…
Let A be a unital separable simple infinite-dimensional nuclear C*-algebra with at least one tracial state. We prove that if the trace space of A has compact finite-dimensional extreme boundary then there exist unital embeddings of matrix algebras into a certain central sequence algebra of A which is determined by the uniform topology on the trace space. As an application, it is shown that if furthermore A has strict comparison then A absorbs the Jiang-Su algebra tensorially.
We investigate symmetries on unital Kirchberg algebras with respect to the Rokhlin property and finite Rokhlin dimension. In stark contrast to the restrictiveness of the Rokhlin property, every such outer action has Rokhlin dimension at most 1. A consequence of these observations is a relationship between the nuclear dimension of an $\mathcal{O}_\infty$-absorbing C*-algebra and its $\mathcal{O}_2$-stabilization. A more direct and alternative approach to this is given as well. Several applications of this relationship are discussed to cover a fairly large class of $\mathcal{O}_\infty$-absorbing…
We revisit the notion of tracial approximation for unital simple C*-algebras. We show that a unital simple separable C*-algebra A is asymptotically tracially in the class of C*-algebras with finite nuclear dimension if and only if A is asymptotically tracially in the class of simple nuclear Z-stable C*-algebras.
We prove that an operator system $\mathcal S$ is nuclear in the category of operator systems if and only if there exist nets of unital completely positive maps $ϕ_λ: \cl S \to M_{n_λ}$ and $ψ_λ: M_{n_λ} \to \cl S$ such that $ψ_λ\circ ϕ_λ$ converges to ${\rm id}_{\cl S}$ in the point-norm topology. Our proof is independent of the Choi-Effros-Kirchberg characterization of nuclear $C^*$-algebras and yields this characterization as a corollary. We give an example of a nuclear operator system that is not completely order isomorphic to a unital $C^*$-algebra.
Let $1 \in A \subset B$ be an inclusion of unital C*-algebras of index-finite type and depth 2. Suppose that $A$ is infinite dimensional simple with $tsr(A) = 1$ and SP-property. Then $tsr(B) \leq 2$. As a corollary when $A$ is a simple C*-algebra with $\tsr(A) = 1$ and SP-property and $α$ an action of a finite group $G$ on $\Aut(A)$, $\tsr(A \rtimes_αG) \leq 2$.
A $C^*$-algebra is said to have the LP property if the linear span of projections is dense in a given algebra. In the first part of this paper, we show that an AH algebra $A = \underrightarrow{\lim}(A_i,ϕ_i)$ has the LP property if and only if every real-valued continuous function on the spectrum of $A_i$ (as an element of $A_i$ via the non-unital embedding) belongs to the closure of the linear span of projections in $A$. As a consequence, a diagonal AH-algebra has the LP property if it has small eigenvalue variation. The second contribution of this paper is that for an inclusion of unital $C^…
We consider amalgamated unital full free products of the form $A_1*_DA_2$, where $A_1, A_2$ and $D$ are finite dimensional C*-algebras and there are faithful traces on $A_1$ and $A_2$ whose restrictions to $D$ agree. We provide several conditions on the matrices of partial multiplicities of the inclusions $D\hookrightarrow A_1$ and $D\hookrightarrow A_2$ that guarantee that the C*-algebra $A_1*_DA_2$ is primitive. If the ranks of the matrices of partial multiplicities are one, we prove that the algebra $A_1*_DA_2$ is primitive if and only if it has a trivial center.
We continue previous work on Voiculescu's topological free entropy dimension δ_{top}. We introduce the notions of MF-trace, MF-ideal, and MF-nuclearity and use these concepts to obtain upper and lower bounds for δ_{top}, and in many cases we obtain an exact formula for δ_{top}. We also discuss semicontinuity properties of δ_{top}.
We show that the tensor product of two unital C*-algebras, one of which is nuclear and admits a unital *-homomorphism from (the building blocks of) the Jiang-Su algebra, has Kadison's similarity property. As a consequence, we obtain that a unital C*-algebra which absorbs the Jiang-Su algebra tensorially also has this property.
Let $\A$ be a unital separable nuclear $C^*$--algebra which belongs to the bootstrap category $\N$ and $\B$ be a separable stable $C^*$--algebra. In this paper, we consider the group $\Ext_u(\A,\B)$ consisting of the unitary equivalence classes of unital extensions $τ\colon\A\rightarrow Q(\B)$. The relation between $\Ext_u(\A,\B)$ and $\Ext(\A,\B)$ is established. Using this relation, we show the half--exactness of $\Ext_u(\cdot,\B)$ and the (UCT) for $\Ext_u(\A,\B)$. Furthermore, under certain conditions, we obtain the half--exactness and Bott periodicity of $\Ext_u(\A,\cdot)$.
We exhibit a unital simple nuclear non-type-I C*-algebra into which the Jiang-Su algebra does not embed unitally. This answers a question of M. Rørdam.
We classify unital monomorphisms into certain simple Z-stable C^*-algebras up to approximate unitary equivalence. The domain algebra C is allowed to be any unital separable commutative C^*-algebra, or any unital simple separable nuclear Z-stable C^*-algebra satisfying the UCT such that C\otimes B is of tracial rank zero for a UHF algebra B. The target algebra A is allowed to be any unital simple separable Z-stable C^*-algebra such that A\otimes B has tracial rank zero for a UHF algebra B, or any unital simple separable exact Z-stable C^*-algebra whose projections separate traces and whose extr…
Let X be a path connected, compact metric space and let A be a unital separable simple nuclear Z-stable real rank zero C*-algebra. We classify all the unital *-embeddings (up to approximate unitary equivalence) of C(X) into A. Specifically, we provide an existence and a uniqueness theorem for unital *-embeddings from C(X) into A.
We prove that Z-stable, simple, separable, nuclear, non-unital C*-algebras have nuclear dimension at most 1. This completes the equivalence between finite nuclear dimension and Z-stability for simple, separable, nuclear, non-elementary C*-algebras.
Simple, separable, unital, monotracial and nuclear C$^*$-algebras are shown to have finite nuclear dimension whenever they absorb the Jiang-Su algebra $\mathcal{Z}$ tensorially. This completes the proof of the Toms-Winter conjecture in the unique trace case.
This work is motivated by Radulescu's result on the comparison of C*-tensor norms on C*(F_n) x C*(F_n). For unital C*-algebras A and B, there are natural inclusions of A and B into their unital free product, their maximal tensor product and their minimal tensor product. These inclusions define three operator system structures on the internal sum A+B, the first of which we identify as the coproduct of A and B in the category of operator systems. Partly using ideas from quantum entanglement theory, we prove various interrelations between these three operator systems. As an application, the prese…
Suppose that $\mathcal M$ is a countably decomposable type II$_1$ von Neumann algebra and $\mathcal A$ is a separable, non-nuclear, unital C$^*$-algebra. We show that, if $\mathcal M$ has Property $Γ$, then the similarity degree of $\mathcal M$ is less than or equal to $5$. If $\mathcal A$ has Property c$^*$-$Γ$, then the similarity degree of $\mathcal A$ is equal to $3$. In particular, the similarity degree of a $\mathcal Z$-stable, separable, non-nuclear, unital C$^*$-algebra is equal to $3$.
We study uniform perturbations of crossed product C$^*$-algebras by amenable groups. Given a unital inclusion of C$^*$-algebras $C\subseteq D$ and sufficiently close separable intermediate C$^*$-subalgebras $A$, $B$ for this inclusion with a conditional expectation from $D$ onto $B$, if $A=C\rtimes G$ with $G$ discrete amenable, then $A$ and $B$ are isomorphic. Furthermore, if $C\subseteq D$ is irreducible, then $A=B$.
We give a formula for the stable rank of inclusions of unital Banach algebras in the sense of finite Watatani index. As an application we show that the stable rank of $\ell^1$-algebras of Disk algebras by any action of finite groups is 2.
In this paper, we introduce some classes of generalized tracial approximation ${\rm C^*}$-algebras. Consider the class of unital ${\rm C^*}$-algebras which are tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing (or have tracial nuclear dimension at most $n$, or have the property $\rm SP$, or are $m$-almost divisible). Then $A$ is tracially $\mathcal{Z}$-absorbing (respectively, has tracial nuclear dimension at most $n$, has the property $\rm SP$, is weakly ($n, m$)-almost divisible) for any simple unital ${\rm C^*}$-algebra $A$ in the corresponding class of generalized tracial approximation ${\rm C^*}$-algebra…
We present a stable uniqueness theorem for non-unital C*-algebras. Generalized tracial rank one is defined for stably projectionless simple C*-algebras. Let $A$ and $B$ be two stably projectionless separable simple amenable C*-algebras with $gTR(A)\le 1$and $gTR(B)\le 1.$ Suppose also that $KK(A, D)=KK(B,D)=\{0\}$ for all C*-algebras $D.$ Then $A\cong B$ if and only if they have the same tracial cones with scales. We also show that every separable simple C*-algebra, $A$ with finite nuclear dimension which satisfies the UCT with non-zero traces must have $gTR(A)\le 1$ if $K_0(A)$ is torsion. In…
In this article I study a number of topological and algebraic dimension type properties of simple C*-algebras and their interplay. In particular, a simple C*-algebra is defined to be (tracially) (m,\bar{m})-pure, if it has (strong tracial) m-comparison and is (tracially) \bar{m}-almost divisible. These notions are related to each other, and to nuclear dimension. The main result says that if a separable, simple, nonelementary, unital C*-algebra A with locally finite nuclear dimension is (m,\bar{m})-pure, then it absorbs the Jiang-Su algebra Z tensorially. It follows that A is Z-stable if and on…
