Jason Metcalfe, Daniel Tataru
In this article we consider variable coefficient, time dependent wave equations in exterior domains. We prove localized energy estimates if the domain is star-shaped and global in time Strichartz estimates if the domain is strictly convex.
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We consider an inverse problem of determining the coefficients of a fractional $p\,$-Laplace equation in the exterior domain. Assuming suitable local regularity of the coefficients in the exterior domain, we offer an explicit reconstruction formula in the region where the exterior measurements are performed. This formula is then used to establish a global uniqueness result for real-analytic coefficents. In addition, we also derive a stability estimate for the unique determination of the coefficients in the exterior measurement set.
The asymptotic behavior for divergence elliptic equations in exterior domains with periodic coefficients
本文研究了具有周期系数的外域中发散线性椭圆方程解的渐进行为，并首次推广了Liouville型结果。
$L^2$ decay estimates of weak solutions to 3D fractional MHD equations in exterior domains
本文研究了在Dirichlet边界条件下外部区域中三维分数阶MHD方程弱解的渐近行为，并获得了弱解的$L^2$衰减估计。
A mixed variational formulation of some problems in $L^2$-based Sobolev spaces is used to define the Newtonian and layer potentials for the Stokes system with $L^{\infty}$ coefficients on Lipschitz domains in ${\mathbb R}^3$. Then the solution of the exterior Dirichlet problem for the Stokes system with $L^{\infty}$ coefficients is presented in terms of these potentials and the inverse of the corresponding single layer operator.
In this paper we study the behaviors of the energy of solutions of the wave equations with localized nonlinear damping in exterior domains.
We prove global well-posedness of the two-dimensional exterior Navier-Stokes equations for bounded initial data with a finite Dirichlet integral, subject to the non-slip boundary condition. As an application, we construct global solutions for asymptotically constant initial data and arbitrary large Reynolds numbers.
Local energy decay of solutions to the linearized compressible viscoelastic system around motionless state in an exterior domain
本文研究三维外区域中围绕静止状态的线性化可压缩黏弹性系统解的大时间行为，推导局部能量衰减估计以揭示由声波黏性扩散和弹性剪切波引起的扩散波现象。
The aim of this paper is to develop the general $L_p$ theory for the barotropic compressible Navier-Stokes equations with the free boundary condition in the exterior domain in $\mathbb{R}^N$ ($N\geq 3$). By the spectral analysis, we obtain the classical $L_p$-$L_q$ decay estimate for the linearized model problem (with variable coefficients) in view of the partial Lagrangian transformation.
Decay estimates for the compressible viscoelastic equations in an exterior domain
针对外区域中的可压缩粘弹性方程，该研究建立线性化问题解的 $L_2$ 估计，并证明非线性问题解及其时空导数的最优 $L_2$ 衰减率。
In earlier works, we have shown the uniform decay of the local energy of the damped wave equation in exterior domain when the damper is spatially localized near captive rays. In order to have uniform decay of the total energy, the damper has also to act at space infinity. In this work, we establish uniform decay of both the local and global energies. The rates of decay turns out to be the same as those for the heat equation, which shows that an effective damper at space infinity strengthens the parabolic structure in the equation.
We consider a semilinear elliptic problem with a nonlinear term which is the product of a power and the Riesz potential of a power. This family of equations includes the Choquard or nonlinear Schroedinger--Newton equation. We show that for some values of the parameters the equation does not have nontrivial nonnegative supersolutions in exterior domains. The same techniques yield optimal decay rates when supersolutions exists.
Asymptotic properties of the Stokes flow in an exterior domain with slowly decaying initial data and its application to the Navier-Stokes equations
本文研究外部区域中慢衰减初始数据下Stokes流的衰减率，并应用于Navier-Stokes方程，得到唯一强解和最优的逐点衰减估计。
Global well-posedness and time-decay estimates of the Navier-Stokes equations in exterior domains for critical data
本文针对外域中Navier-Stokes方程，研究比$L^n_\sigma$更大的临界空间中小初始数据下的整体强可解性，扩展了该方程整体适定性的适用范围。
In 1974, Landis and Oleinik conjectured that if a bounded solution of a parabolic equation decays fast at a time, then the solution must vanish identically before that time, provided the coefficients of the equation satisfy appropriate conditions at infinity. We prove this conjecture under some reasonable assumptions on the coefficients which improved the earlier results.
We prove the unique existence of solutions of the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in an exterior domain with small non-decaying boundary data, for $t \in R$ or $t \in (0,\infty)$. In the latter case it is coupled with small initial data in weak $L^{3}$. As a corollary, the unique existence of time-periodic solutions is shown for the small periodic boundary data. We next show that the spatial asymptotics of the periodic solution is given by the same Landau solution at all times. Lastly we show that if the boundary datum is time-periodic and the initial datum is asymptotically discrete…
In this paper we prove the smoothing effect for solutions of Schr{ö}dinger equations with variable coefficients and in a non trapping exterior domain. We allow quadratic potentials at infinity.
On the loss of mass for the heat equation in an exterior domain with general boundary conditions
本文研究外区域中热方程在不同齐次边界条件下的质量损失，确定其确切数量与完全衰减准则，并给出显式衰减速率。
We consider an elliptic equation with unbounded drift in an exterior domain, and obtain quantitative uniqueness estimates at infinity, i.e. the non-trivial solution of $-\triangle u+W\cdot\nabla u=0$ decays in the form of $\exp(-C|x|\log^2|x|)$ at infinity provided $\|W\|_{L^\infty(\mathbb{R}^2\setminus B_1)}\lesssim 1$, which is sharp with the help of some counterexamples. These results also generalize the decay theorem by Kenig-Wang \cite{KW2015} in the whole space. As an application, the asymptotic behavior of an incompressible fluid around a bounded obstacle is also considered. Specially f…
Regularity and Decay for Navier-Slip Fluid-Structure Interaction in Exterior Domains
研究在纳维滑移边界条件下球形刚体在不可压缩粘性流体中的线性化运动，利用球体几何正则性，为相应流固算子建立正则性等估计，为构建非线性系统的强\(W^{2,1}_q\)解和加藤型解提供基础。
Large time decay of the Oseen flow in exterior domains subject to the Navier slip-with-friction boundary condition
研究外域中Navier滑动摩擦边界条件下Oseen流的大时间衰减问题，通过分析外域边界几何、摩擦系数与流出条件的关系，推导出Oseen半群的L^q-L^r衰减估计。
This paper is concerned with weighted energy estimates and diffusion phenomena for the initial-boundary problem of the wave equation with space-dependent damping term in an exterior domain. In this analysis, an elliptic problem was introduced by Todorova and Yordanov. This attempt was quite useful when the coefficient of the damping term is radially symmetric. In this paper, by modifying their elliptic problem, we establish weighted energy estimates and diffusion phenomena even when the coefficient of the damping term is not radially symmetric.
In this paper we study the behavior of the total energy and the $L^2$-norm of solutions of two coupled hyperbolic equations by velocities in exterior domains. Only one of the two equations is directly damped by a localized damping term. We show that, when the damping set contains the coupling one and the coupling term is effective at infinity and on captive region, then the total energy decays uniformly and the $L^2$-norm of smooth solutions is bounded. In the case of two Klein-Gordon equations with equal speeds we deduce an exponential decay of the energy.
This paper is concerned with the asymptotic behavior of small data solutions to the three-dimensional Vlasov-Maxwell system in the exterior of a light cone. The plasma does not have to be neutral and no compact support assumptions are required on the data. In particular, the initial decay in the velocity variable of the particle density is optimal and we only require an $L^2$ bound on the electromagnetic field with no additional weight. We use vector field methods to derive improved decay estimates in null directions for the electromagnetic field, the particle density and their derivatives. In…
Let us consider the motion of a viscous incompressible fluid past a rotating rigid body in 3D, where the translational and angular velocities of the body are prescribed but time-dependent. In a reference frame attached to the body, we have the Navier-Stokes system with the drift and (one half of the) Coriolis terms in a fixed exterior domain. The existence of the evolution operator $T(t,s)$ in the space $L^q$ generated by the linearized non-autonomous system was proved by Hansel and Rhandi [26] and the large time behavior of $T(t,s)f$ in $L^r$ for $(t-s)\to\infty$ was then developed by the pre…
Consider the equation u_t=Δu-Vu +au^p \text{in} R^n\times (0,T); u(x,0)=ϕ(x)\gneq0, \text{in} R^n, where $p>1$, $n\ge2$, $T\in(0,\infty]$, $V(x)\sim\fracω{|x|^2}$ as $|x|\to\infty$, for some $ω\neq0$, and $a(x)$ is on the order $|x|^m$ as $|x|\to\infty$, for some $m\in (-\infty,\infty)$. A solution to the above equation is called global if $T=\infty$. Under some additional technical conditions, we calculate a critical exponent $p^*$ such that global solutions exist for $p>p^*$, while for $1<p\le p^*$, all solutions blow up in finite time. We also show that when $V\equiv0$, the blow-up/global s…
Exterior stability of Minkowski spacetime with borderline decay
本文证明了闵可夫斯基时空在外部区域的稳定性，其衰减程度与2023年研究中的最小衰减假设相比处于临界状态。
In this note, by constructing suitable approximate solutions, we prove the existence of global weak solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity coefficients in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^N$, $N\geq2$ (or exterior domain), when the initial data are spherically symmetric. In particular, we prove the existence of spherically symmetric solutions to the Saint-Venant model for shallow water in the whole space (or exterior domain).
In this article, we study the decay of the solutions of Schrödinger equations in the exterior of an obstacle. The main situations we are interested in are the general case (no non-trapping assumptions) or some weakly trapping situations
We consider the IBVP in exterior domains for the p-Laplacian parabolic system. We prove regularity up to the boundary, extinction properties for p \in ( 2n/(n+2) , 2n/(n+1) ) and exponential decay for p= 2n/(n+1) .
This paper is devoted to the study of gradient estimates for the Dirichlet problem of the heat equation in the exterior domain of a compact set. Our results describe the time decay rates of the derivatives of solutions to the Dirichlet problem. Applications of these estimates to bilinear type commutator estimates for Laplace operator with Dirichlet boundary condition in exterior domain are discussed too.
We study the heat equation in the exterior of the unit ball with a linear dynamical boundary condition. Our main aim is to find upper and lower bounds for the rate of convergence to solutions of the Laplace equation with the same dynamical boundary condition as the diffusion coefficient tends to infinity.
We consider the wave equation with variable coefficients on an exterior domain in $\R^n$($n\ge 2$). We are interested in finding a special uniform decay rate of local energy different from the constant coefficient wave equation. More concretely, if the dimensional $n$ is even, whether the uniform decay rate of local energy for the wave equation with variable coefficients can break through the limit of polynomial and reach exponential; if the dimensional $n$ is odd, whether the uniform decay rate of local energy for the wave equation with variable coefficients can hold exponential as the consta…
This paper is concerned with the two-dimensional stationary Navier-Stokes system in the domain exterior to the unit disk. The existence of solutions with critical decay $O(|x|^{-1})$ is established around some explicit flows with large flux. The solutions are obtained for non-symmetric external forces, and moreover, are unique in a certain class.
We prove smoothing estimates in Morrey-Campanato spaces for a Helmholtz equation $$ -Lu+zu=f, \qquad -Lu:=\nabla^{b}(a(x)\nabla^{b}u)-c(x)u, \qquad \nabla^{b}:=\nabla+ib(x) $$ with fully variable coefficients, of limited regularity, defined on the exterior of a starshaped compact obstacle in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$, $n\ge3$, with Dirichlet boundary conditions. The principal part of the operator is a long range perturbation of a constant coefficient operator, while the lower order terms have an almost critical decay. We give explicit conditions on the size of the perturbation which prevent trapping. A…
Nonlinear asymptotic stability of 2D Taylor-Couette flow in the exterior disk
本文通过引入时间相关预解估计，证明了外部圆盘中二维泰勒-库埃特流在时空耦合多项式衰减下的非线性渐近稳定性，并得到与有界区域相同的1/2过渡阈值。
A nonlocal-to-local transfer principle for parabolic Calderón problems
针对非局部抛物方程的 Calderón 问题，本文建立从非局部到局部情形的新约化，证明部分 DN 映射可决定完整局部 DN 映射，并适用于任意 $n\geq2$ 维。
Optimal Asymptotic Behavior at Infinity for Solutions of the Supercritical Lagrangian Mean Curvature Equation in Exterior Domains
研究外域上超临界拉格朗日均曲率方程解在无穷远处的渐进行为，采用尺度依赖的差商方法和非局部势方法，无需对f二次求导，仅在Lipschitz正则性下获得定量Hessian收敛，得到所有维度和所有衰减率β>0的最优渐进行为，包括临界对数情况。
In this paper, we discuss the global existence of weak solutions to the semilinear damped wave equation \begin{equation*} \begin{cases} \partial_t^2u-Δu + \partial_tu = f(u) & \text{in}\ Ω\times (0,T), \\ u=0 & \text{on}\ \partialΩ\times (0,T), \\ u(0)=u_0, \partial_tu(0)=u_1 & \text{in}\ Ω, \end{cases} \end{equation*} in an exterior domain $Ω$ in $\mathbb{R}^N$ $(N\geq 2)$, where $f:\mathbb{R}\to \mathbb{R}$ is a smooth function behaves like $f(u)\sim |u|^p$. From the view point of weighted energy estimates given by Sobajima--Wakasugi \cite{SoWa4}, the existence of global-in-time solutions wi…
Linear enhanced dissipation for the 2D Taylor-Couette flow in the exterior region: A supplementary example for Gearhart-Prüss type lemma
本文研究外部区域二维Taylor-Couette流的线性化系统，证明其解呈时空耦合多项式衰减而非指数衰减，说明Gearhart-Prüss型引理不适用于退化剪切流，并给出相关推广。
In this article, we prove that solutions to a problem in nonlinear elasticity corresponding to small initial displacements exist globally in the exterior of a nontrapping obstacle. The medium is assumed to be homogeneous, isotropic, and hyperelastic, and the nonlinearity is assumed to satisfy a null condition. The techniques contained herein would allow for more complicated geometries provided that there is a sufficient decay of local energy for the linearized problem.
We study the asymptotic behavior of an incompressible fluid around a bounded obstacle. The problem is modeled by the stationary Navier-Stokes equations in an exterior domain in $\R^n$ with $n\ge 2$. We will show that, under some assumptions, any nontrivial velocity field obeys a minimal decaying rate $\exp(-Ct^2\log t)$ at infinity. Our proof is based on appropriate Carleman estimates.
We consider the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes system in a domain exterior to a disk. The system admits a stationary solution with critical decay $O(|x|^{-1})$ written as a linear combination of the pure rotating flow and the flux carrier. We prove its nonlinear stability in large time for initial disturbances in $L^2$ under smallness conditions, assuming that there is suction across the boundary, namely that the sign of coefficients of the flux carrier is negative. This result partially solves an open problem in the literature.
Rigidity results for Euler flows in two dimensional exterior domains
本文研究二维外部区域中不可压缩欧拉方程的稳态解，在边界入流及无穷远速度条件下，证明无旋流动等价于无驻点。
In this paper, we consider non-autonomous Ornstein-Uhlenbeck operators in smooth exterior domains $Ω\subset \R^d$ subject to Dirichlet boundary conditions. Under suitable assumptions on the coefficients, the solution of the corresponding non-autonomous parabolic Cauchy problem is governed by an evolution system $\{P_Ω(t,s)\}_{0\leq s\leq t}$ on $L^p(Ω)$ for $1< p < \infty$. Furthermore, $L^p$-estimates for spatial derivatives and $L^p$-$L^q$ smoothing properties of $P_Ω(t,s)$, $0\leq s\leq t$, are obtained.
The asymptotic stability of two-dimensional stationary flows in a non-symmetric exterior domain is considered. Under the smallness condition on initial perturbations, we show the stability of the small stationary flow whose leading profile at spatial infinity is given by the rotating flow decaying in the scale-critical order $O(|x|^{-1})$. Especially, we prove the $L^p$-$L^q$ estimates to the semigroup associated with the linearized equations.
On the decay of mass with respect to an invariant measure for semilinear heat equations in exterior domains
本文研究外部区域半线性热方程解关于不变测度的质量衰减，证明当且仅当 $1<p\leq\min\{2,1+2/N\}$ 时质量趋于零，否则解渐近自由，且 $N\geq3$ 时轮廓为高斯修正。
Long-Time Existence of Quasilinear Wave Equations Exterior to Star-shaped Obstacle in $2\mathbf{D}$
本文研究二维星形障碍外部拟线性波动方程小数据解的长时间存在性，通过建立Morawetz型能量估计和加权L^2乘积估计，得到几乎尖锐的存在寿命下界。
In this paper, we consider the asymptotic behavior of solutions to the wave equation with space-dependent damping in an exterior domain. We prove that when the damping is effective, the solution is approximated by that of the corresponding heat equation as time tends to infinity. Our proof is based on semigroup estimates for the corresponding heat equation and weighted energy estimates for the damped wave equation. The optimality of the decay late for solutions is also established.
The nonhomogeneous Navier-Stokes equations with density-dependent viscosity is studied in three-dimensional (3D) exterior domains with nonslip or slip boundary conditions. We prove that the strong solutions exists globally in time provided that the gradient of the initial velocity is suitably small. Here the initial density is allowed to contain vacuum states. Moreover, after developing some new techniques and methods, the large-time behavior of the strong solutions with exponential decay-in-time rates is also obtained.
We investigate global uniqueness for an inverse problem for a nonlocal diffusion equation on domains that are bounded in one direction. The coefficients are assumed to be unknown and isotropic on the entire space. We first show that the partial exterior Dirichlet-to-Neumann map locally determines the diffusion coefficient in the exterior domain. In addition, we introduce a novel analysis of nonlocal Neumann derivatives to prove an interior determination result. Interior and exterior determination yield the desired global uniqueness theorem for the Calderón problem of nonlocal diffusion equatio…
The Navier-Stokes equations in a two-dimensional exterior domain are considered. The asymptotic stability of stationary solutions satisfying a general hypothesis is proven under any $L^2$-perturbation. In particular the general hypothesis is valid if the steady solution is the sum of the critically decaying flux carrier with flux $|Φ| < 2π$ and a small subcritically decaying term. Under the central symmetry assumption, the general hypothesis is also proven for any critically decaying steady solutions under a suitable smallness condition.
Exterior Dirichlet Problems for Hessian Quotient Equations of Mixed Type
本研究针对混合型Hessian商方程的外狄利克雷问题，通过三阶段次解构造证明了具有指定二次无穷远渐近行为的光滑容许解的存在与唯一性，并得到余项的全导数衰减。
We consider the porous medium equation in an exterior two-dimensional domain which excludes a hole, with zero Dirichlet data on its boundary. Gilding and Goncerzewicz proved in [Gilding-Goncerzewicz-2007] that in the far field scale, $x=ξt^{\frac1{2m}}/(\log t)^{\frac{m-1}{2m}}$, $ξ\ne 0$, solutions to this problem with an integrable and compactly supported initial data behave as an instantaneous point-source solution for the equation with a variable mass that decays to 0 in a precise way, determined by the initial data and the hole. However, their result does not say much about the behavior w…
An initial boundary value problem for compressible Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is considered on an exterior domain (with the first Betti number vanishes) in $R^3$ in this paper. The global existence of smooth solutions near a given constant state for compressible MHD with the boundary conditions of Navier-slip for the velocity filed and perfect conduction for the magnetic field is established. Moreover the explicit decay rate is given. In particular, the results obtained in this paper also imply the global existence of classical solutions for the full compressible Navier-Stokes equations with N…
This article focuses on long-time existence for quasilinear wave equations with small initial data in exterior domains. The nonlinearity is permitted to fully depend on the solution at the quadratic level, rather than just the first and second derivatives of the solution. The corresponding lifespan bound in the boundaryless case is due to Lindblad, and Du and Zhou first proved such long-time existence exterior to star-shaped obstacles. Here we relax the hypothesis on the geometry and only require that there is a sufficiently rapid decay of local energy for the linear homogeneous wave equation,…
{\bf Abstract} \,\, We consider the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation on exterior domain. \begin{equation} \begin{cases} iu_t+Δ_g u + ia(x)u - |u|^{p-1}u = 0 \qquad (x,t) \in Ω\times (0,+\infty), \qquad (1)\cr u\big|_Γ= 0\qquad t \in (0,+\infty), \cr u(x,0) = u_0(x)\qquad x \in Ω, \end{cases} \end{equation} where $1<p<\frac{n+2}{n-2}$, $Ω\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ ($n\ge3$) is an exterior domain and $(\mathbb{R}^n,g)$ is a complete Riemannian manifold. We establish Morawetz estimates for the system (1) without dissipation ($a(x)\equiv 0$ in (1)) and meanwhile prove exponential stability of th…
We derive a uniform exponential decay of the total energy for the nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation with a damping around spatial infinity in the whole space or in the exterior of a star shaped obstacle.
Local well-posedness of strong solutions to the compressible Navier-Stokes equations with degenerate viscosities and far field vacuum in 3D exterior domains
本文研究了三维外部领域中压缩性纳维-斯托克斯方程在粘度为密度幂函数且初始密度趋于远场真空时强解的局部适定性，方法克服了边界项和远场真空的困难，并使δ的选择与气体系数无关。
The abstract elliptic and parabolic equations on exterior domain are considered. The equations have top-order variable coefficients. The separability properties of boundary value problems for elliptic equation and well-posedness of the Cauchy problem for parabolic equations are established. In application, the well-posedness of Wentzell-Robin type mixed probem for parabolic equation, Cauchy problem for anisotropic parabolic equations and system of parabolic equations are derived
We study solutions of the decoupled Maxwell equations in the exterior region of a Schwarzschild black hole. In stationary regions, where the Schwarzschild coordinate $r$ ranges over $2M < r_1 < r < r_2$, we obtain a decay rate of $t^{-1}$ for all components of the Maxwell field. We use vector field methods and do not require a spherical harmonic decomposition. In outgoing regions, where the Regge-Wheeler tortoise coordinate is large, $r_*>εt$, we obtain decay for the null components with rates of $|ϕ_+| \sim |α| < C r^{-5/2}$, $|ϕ_0| \sim |ρ| + |σ| < C r^{-2} |t-r_*|^{-1/2}$, and $|ϕ_{-1}| \si…
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