Bernd Ammann, Mattias Dahl, Emmanuel Humbert
We prove a surgery formula for the smooth Yamabe invariant $σ(M)$ of a compact manifold $M$. Assume that $N$ is obtained from $M$ by surgery of codimension at least 3. We prove the existence of a positive number $Λ_n$, depending only on the dimension $n$ of $M$, such that $$ σ(N) \geq \min{σ(M),Λ_n}. $$
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We consider the equivariant Yamabe problem, i.e. the Yamabe problem on the space of G-invariant metrics for a compact Lie group G. The G-Yamabe invariant is analogously defined as the supremum of the constant scalar curvatures of unit volume G-invariant metrics minimizing the total scalar curvature functional in their G-invariant conformal subclasses. We prove a formula about how the G-Yamabe invariant changes under the surgery of codimension 3 or more, and compute some G-Yamabe invariants.
We study the Yamabe invariant of manifolds obtained as connected sums along submanifolds of codimension greater than 2. In particular, given a compact smooth manifold M which does not admit metrics of positive scalar curvature, we prove that the Yamabe invariant of M is an upper bound for the Yamabe invariant of any manifold obtained by performing surgery in M on spheres of codimension greater than 2 .
By using the gluing formula of the Seiberg-Witten invariant, we compute the Yamabe invariant Y(X) of 4-manifolds X obtained by performing surgeries along points, circles or tori on compact Kaehler surfaces. For instance, if M is a compact Kaehler surface of nonnegative Kodaira dimension, and N is a smooth closed oriented 4-manifold with b_2^+(N)=0 and Y(N)>= 0, then we show that Y(M # N)=Y(M).
Let $(M,g)$ be a compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n\geq 3$. For a metric $g$ on $M$, we let $\la_2(g)$ be the second eigenvalue of the Yamabe operator $L_g:= \frac{4(n-1)}{n-2} Δ_g + \scal_g$. Then, the second Yamabe invariant is defined as $$ \si_2(M) \definedas \sup \inf_{h \in [g]} \la_2(h) \Vol(M,h)^{2/n}. $$ where the supremum is taken over all metrics $g$ and the infimum is taken over the metrics in the conformal class $[g]$. Assume that $\si_2(M)>0$. In the spirit of \cite{ammann.dahl.humbert:08}, we prove that if $N$ is obtained from $M$ by a $k$-dimensional surgery ($0 \leq k…
We show a surgery formula for the relative Yamabe invariant and give applications to the study of concordance classes of metrics.
Assume that M is a compact n-dimensional manifold and that N is obtained by surgery along a k-dimensional sphere, k\le n-3. The smooth Yamabe invariants σ(M) and σ(N) satisfy σ(N)\ge min (σ(M),Λ) for Λ>0. We derive explicit lower bounds for Λin dimensions where previous methods failed, namely for (n,k)\in {(4,1),(5,1),(5,2),(6,3),(9,1),(10,1)}. With methods from surgery theory and bordism theory several gap phenomena for smooth Yamabe invariants can be deduced.
For a compact connected manifold M of dimension n greater than 3 and with no metric of positive scalar curvature, we prove that the Yamabe invariant is unchanged under surgery on spheres of dimension different from 1, n-2 and n-1. We use this result to give new computations of the invariant in dimension four and display new examples of 4-manifolds which do not admit Einstein metrics.
The Yamabe problem in compact closed Riemannian manifolds is concerned with finding a metric with constant scalar curvature in the conformal class of a given metric. This problem was solved by the combined work of Yamabe, Trudinger, Aubin, and Schoen. In particular, Aubin solved the case when the Riemannian manifold is compact, is nonlocally conformally flat and has a dimension equal to or greater than $6$. In $2015$, Case considered a Yamabe-type problem in the setting of smooth measure space in manifolds and for a parameter $m$, which generalizes the original Yamabe problem when $m=0$. Addit…
We show that solutions of the Yamabe equation on certain n-dimensional non-compact Riemannian manifolds which are bounded and L^p for p=2n/(n-2) are also L^2. This L^p-L^2-implication provides explicit constants in the surgery-monotonicity formula for the smooth Yamabe invariant in a previous article of the authors. As an application we see that the smooth Yamabe invariant of any 2-connected compact 7-dimensional manifold is at least 74.5. Similar conclusions follow in dimension 8 and in dimensions at least 11.
Let $(M^n,g,e^{-ϕ}dV_g,e^{-ϕ}dA_g,m)$ be a compact smooth metric measure space with boundary with $n\geqslant 3$. In this article, we consider several Yamabe-type problems on a compact smooth metric measure space with or without boundary: uniqueness problem on the weighted Yamabe problem with boundary, characterization of the weighted Yamabe solitons with boundary and the existence of positive minimizers in the weighted Escobar quotient.
We study a particular class of open manifolds. In the category of Riemannian manifolds these are complete manifolds with cylindrical ends. We give a natural setting for the conformal geometry on such manifolds including an appropriate notion of the cylindrical Yamabe constant/invariant. This leads to a corresponding version of the Yamabe problem on cylindrical manifolds. We affirmatively solve this Yamabe problem: we prove the existence of minimizing metrics and analyze their singularities near infinity. These singularities turn out to be of very particular type: either almost conical or almos…
In this short note, exploits of constructions of $\mathcal{F}$-structures coupled with technology developed by Cheeger-Gromov and Paternain-Petean are seen to yield a procedure to compute minimal entropy, minimal volume, Yamabe invariant and to study collapsing with bounded sectional curvature on inequivalent smooth structures and inequivalent PL-structures within a fixed homeomorphism class. We compute these fundamental Riemannian invariants for every high-dimensional smooth manifold on the homeomorphism class of any smooth manifold that admits a Riemannian metric of zero sectional curvature.…
We associate to a compact spin manifold M a real-valued invariant τ(M) by taking the supremum over all conformal classes over the infimum inside each conformal class of the first positive Dirac eigenvalue, normalized to volume 1. This invariant is a spinorial analogue of Schoen's $σ$-constant, also known as the smooth Yamabe number. We prove that if N is obtained from M by surgery of codimension at least 2, then $τ(N) \geq \min\{τ(M),Λ_n\}$ with $Λ_n>0$. Various topological conclusions can be drawn, in particular that τis a spin-bordism invariant below $Λ_n$. Below $Λ_n$, the values of $τ$ can…
On a smooth closed oriented 4-manifold $M$ with a smooth action by a finite group $G$, we show that a $G$-monopole class gives the $L^2$-estimate of the Ricci curvature of a $G$-invariant Riemannian metric, and derive a topological obstruction to the existence of a $G$-invariant nonsingular solution to the normalized Ricci flow on $M$. In particular, for certain $m$ and $n$, $m\Bbb CP_2 # n\bar{\Bbb CP}_2$ admits an infinite family of topologically equivalent but smoothly distinct non-free actions of $\Bbb Z_d$ such that it admits no nonsingular solution to the normalized Ricci flow for any in…
We prove that the Yamabe invariant of any simply connected smooth manifold of dimension n greater than four is non-negative. Equivalently that the infimum of the L^{n/2} norm of the scalar curvature, over the space of all Riemannian metrics on the manifold, is zero.
Yamabe Invariants, Homogeneous Spaces, and Rational Complex Surfaces
本文研究Yamabe不变量相关的开放问题，指出其与静态势及Laplacian第一特征值存在紧密联系，涉及微分几何中流形不变量的核心议题。
In his study of Ricci flow, Perelman introduced a smooth-manifold invariant called lambda-bar. We show here that, for completely elementary reasons, this invariant simply equals the Yamabe invariant, alias the sigma constant, whenever the latter is non-positive. On the other hand, the Perelman invariant just equals + infinity whenever the Yamabe invariant is positive.
We describe and partially solve a natural Yamabe-type problem on smooth metric measure spaces which interpolates between the Yamabe problem and the problem of finding minimizers for Perelman's $ν$-entropy. This problem reduces in all dimensions on Euclidean space to the characterization of the minimizers of the family of Gagliardo--Nirenberg--Sobolev inequalities studied by Del Pino and Dolbeault. We show that minimizers always exist on a compact manifold provided the so-called weighted Yamabe constant is strictly less than its value on Euclidean space. We also show that strict inequality hold…
A mass-type invariant for smooth metric measure spaces and its relation with the fractional Yamabe problem
在渐近Schwarzschild光滑度量测度空间上定义类似ADM质量的不变量，证明其几何不变性，并揭示与分数阶Yamabe问题及Green函数的关系。
The Yamabe invariant is an invariant of a closed smooth manifold, which contains information about possible scalar curvature on it. It is well-known that a product manifold T^m\times B where T^m$ is the m-dimensional torus, and B is a closed spin manifold of nonzero \hat{A}-genus has zero Yamabe invariant. We generalize it to various T-structured manifolds, for example T^m-bundles over such B whose transition functions take values in Sp(m,Z) (or Sp(m-1,Z)\oplus \pm 1 for odd m).
On a smooth closed Riemannian manifold, we show short time existence of smooth solutions to the $(α,β)$-Ricci-Yamabe flow, which is a natural generalization of the Ricci flow and the Yamabe flow. We also establish some long time existence theorems for the closed $(α,β)$-Ricci-Yamabe flow by estimating its curvatures.
Let $M$ be a smooth closed $4k$-manifold whose Yamabe invariant $Y(M)$ is nonpositive. We show that $$Y(M\sharp l \Bbb HP^k\sharp m \bar{\Bbb HP^k})=Y(M),$$ where $l,m$ are nonnegative integers, and $\Bbb HP^k$ is the quaternionic projective space. When $k=4$, we also have $$Y(M\sharp l CaP^2\sharp m \bar{CaP^2})=Y(M),$$ where $CaP^2$ is the Cayley plane.
We let (M^m, g) be a closed smooth Riemannian manifold (m >1) with positive scalar curvature S_g, and prove that the Yamabe constant of (M \times R^n,g+g_E) is achieved by a metric in the conformal class of (g+g_E), where g_E is the Euclidean metric. We also show that the Yamabe quotient of (M \times R^n,g+g_E) is improved by Steiner symmetrization with respect to M. It follows from this last assertion that the dependence on R^n of the Yamabe minimizer of (M \times R^n,g+g_E) is radial.
Let (M,g) be a compact manifold of dimension n greater or equals to 3. We suppose that g is a given metric in a precised Sobolev space and there is a point P in M and d>o such that g is smooth on the ball B(P,d). We define the second Yamabe invariant with singularities a the minimum of the second eigenvalue of the singular Yamabe operator over a generalized class of conformal metrics to g and of volume 1. We show that this operator is attained by a generalized metric, we deduce nodal solutions to a Yamabe type equation with singularities.
Boundary estimates for a fully nonlinear Yamabe problem on Riemannian manifolds
本文研究带边Riemannian流形上完全非线性Yamabe方程的Dirichlet边值问题，在假设下解存在的前提下导出先验边界二阶导数估计并证明光滑解的存在性，且该估计对插值方程族保持一致。
We introduce new invariants of a Riemannian singular space, the local Yamabe and Sobolev constants, and then go on to prove a general version of the Yamabe theorem under that the global Yamabe invariant of the space is strictly less than one or the other of these local invariants. This rests on a small number of structural assumptions about the space and of the behavior of the scalar curvature function on its smooth locus. The second half of this paper shows how this result applies in the category of smoothly stratified pseudomanifolds, and we also prove sharp regularity for the solutions on t…
We prove global existence of instantaneously complete Yamabe flows on hyperbolic space of arbitrary dimension $m\geq3$ starting from any smooth, conformally hyperbolic initial metric. We do not require initial completeness or curvature bounds. With the same methods, we show rigidity of hyperbolic space under the Yamabe flow.
Under the validity of the positive mass theorem, the Yamabe flow on a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $N \ge 3$ is known to exist for all time $t$ and converges to a solution to the Yamabe problem as $t \to \infty$. We prove that if a suitable perturbation, which may be smooth and arbitrarily small, is imposed on the Yamabe flow on any given Riemannian manifold $M$ of dimension $N \ge 5$, the resulting flow may blow up at multiple points on $M$ in the infinite time. Our proof is constructive, and indeed we construct such a flow by using solutions of the Yamabe problem on the un…
Ricci-Yamabe Soliton on a Class of $4$-Dimensional Walker Manifolds
本文研究一类4维Walker流形上的Ricci-Yamabe孤子，通过计算Ricci张量、标量曲率等几何量并求解偏微分方程组，确定流形容许该孤子的条件及相关约束。
A classical theorem in conformal geometry states that on a manifold with non-positive Yamabe invariant, a smooth metric achieving the invariant must be Einstein. In this work, we extend it to the singular case and show that in all dimension, if a continuous metric is smooth outside a compact set of high co-dimension and achieves the Yamabe invariant, then the metric is Einstein away from the singularity and can be extended to be smooth on the manifold in a suitable sense. As an application of the method, we prove a Positive Mass Theorem for asymptotically flat manifolds with analogous singular…
Non-compactness results for the spinorial Yamabe-type problems with non-smooth geometric data
本文研究旋量Yamabe型方程解集的非紧性，分别在球面度量受非共形平坦$C^k$扰动及几何势受$C^2$扰动两种模型中给出具体结果。
Let n be an integer such that 25 \leq n \leq 51. We construct a smooth metric g on S^n with the property that the set of constant scalar curvature metrics in the conformal class of g is not compact.
We define a relative Yamabe invariant of a smooth manifold with given conformal class on its boundary. In the case of empty boundary the invariant coincides with the classic Yamabe invariant. We develop approximation technique which leads to gluing theorems of two manifolds along their boundaries for the relative Yamabe invariant. We show that there are many examples of manifolds with both positive and non-positive relative Yamabe invariants.
The Yamabe Invariant of a smooth compact manifold is by definition the supremum of the scalar curvatures of unit-volume Yamabe metrics on the manifold. For an explicit infinite class of 4-manifolds, we show that this invariant is positive but strictly less than that of the 4-sphere. This is done by using spin^c Dirac operators to control the lowest eigenvalue of a perturbation of the Yamabe Laplacian. These results dovetail perfectly with those derived from the perturbed Seiberg-Witten equations, but the present method is much more elementary in spirit.
We continue our previous work studying critical exponent semilinear elliptic (and subelliptic) problems which generalize the classical Yamabe problem. In [3] the focus was on metric-measure spaces with an `almost smooth' structure, with stratified spaces furnishing the key examples. The criterion for solvability there is phrased in terms of a strict inequality of the global Yamabe invariant with a `local Yamabe invariant', which captures information about the local singular structure. All of this is generalized here to the setting of Dirichlet spaces which admit a Sobolev inequality and satisf…
Regularity of viscosity solutions of the $σ_k$-Yamabe-type Problem for $k>n/2$
研究k>n/2时σ_k - Yamabe型问题粘性解正则性，在特定条件下（k = n或共形平坦且k>n/2）证明Lipschitz粘性解在测度为零闭集外光滑，一般k>n/2情形在假设下也证明了此类解的存在。
In this paper, we introduce a new combinatorial curvature on two and three dimensional triangulated manifolds, which transforms in the same way as that of the smooth scalar curvature under scaling of the metric and could be used to approximate the Gauss curvature on two dimensional manifolds. Then we use the flow method to study the corresponding constant curvature problem, which is called combinatorial Yamabe problem.
In this paper, we set up a new Yamabe type flow on a compact Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$ of dimension $n\geq 3$. Let $ψ(x)$ be any smooth function on $M$. Let $p=\frac{n+2}{n-2}$ and $c_n=\frac{4(n-1)}{n-2}$. We study the Yamabe-type flow $u=u(t)$ satisfying {u_t}=u^{1-p}(c_nΔu-ψ(x)u)+r(t)u, \ \ in \ M\times (0,T),\ T>0 with r(t)=\int_M(c_n|\nabla u|^2+ψ(x)u^2)dv/ \int_Mu^{p+1}, which preserves the $L^{p+1}(M)$-norm and we can show that for any initial metric $u_0>0$, the flow exists globally. We also show that in some cases, the global solution converges to a smooth solution to the equation c…
Let $(X, g^+)$ be an asymptotically hyperbolic manifold and $(M, [\hat{h}])$ its conformal infinity. Our primary aim in this paper is to introduce the prescribed fractional scalar curvature problem on $M$ and provide solutions under various geometric conditions on $X$ and $M$. We also obtain the existence results for the fractional Yamabe problem in the endpoint case, e.g., $n = 3$, $γ= 1/2$ and $M$ is non-umbilic, etc. Every solution we find turns out to be smooth on $M$.
The Yamabe invariant Y(M) of a smooth compact manifold is roughly the supremum of the scalar curvatures of unit-volume constant-scalar curvature Riemannian metrics g on M. (To be absolutely precise, one only considers constant-scalar-curvature metrics which are Yamabe minimizers, but this does not affect the sign of the answer.) If M is the underlying smooth 4-manifold of a complex algebraic surface (M,J), it is shown that the sign of Y(M) is completely determined by the Kodaira dimension Kod (M,J). More precisely, Y(M) < 0 iff Kod (M,J)=2; Y(M) = 0 iff Kod (M,J)=0 or 1; and Y(M) > 0 iff Kod (…
Volume renormalization of higher-codimension singular Yamabe spaces
该研究针对闭黎曼流形中嵌入的闭子流形，通过重正化奇异Yamabe度量的相关体积定义外蕴整体共形不变量，分析奇偶维子流形的不变量特性，推广偶数维能量构造并计算相关量。
In the first part of this thesis, we study the Yamabe problem with singularities, that we can announce as follow: Given a compact Riemannian manifold $(M,g)$, find a constant scalar curvature metric, conformal to $g$, when $g$ has not necessarily the usual regularity (it can be $C^1$). To solve this problem, we start the study of the Yamabe type equations. We show that all the known properties in the smooth case are still valid. Under some assumptions, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions. The second part is dedicated to the Hebey-Vaugon conjecture, stated in their paper about th…
This article uses the iterative schemes and perturbation methods to completely solve the Han-Li conjecture, i.e. the general boundary Yamabe problem with prescribed constant scalar curvature and constant mean curvature on compact manifolds $ (M, \partial M, g) $ with non-empty smooth boundary, $ \dim M \geqslant 3 $. It is equivalent to show the existence of a real, positive, smooth solution of $ -\frac{4(n -1)}{n - 2} Δ_{g} u + R_{g} u = λu^{\frac{n+2}{n - 2}} $ in $ M $, $ \frac{\partial u}{\partial ν} + \frac{n-2}{2} h_{g} u = \frac{n-2}{2} ζu^{\frac{n}{n - 2}} $ on $ \partial M $ with some…
We prove a monotonicity formula for mean curvature flow with surgery. This formula differs from Huisken's monotonicity formula by an extra term involving the mean curvature. As a consequence, we show that a surgically modified flow which is sufficiently close to a smooth flow in the sense of geometric measure theory is, in fact, free of surgeries. This result has applications to the longtime behavior of mean curvature flow with surgery in Riemannian three-manifolds.
Let M,g a compact Riemannian n-dimensional manifold. It is well know that, under certain hypothesis, in the conformal class of g there are scalar-flat metrics that have the boundary of M as a constant mean curvature hypersurface. Also, under certain hypothesis, it is known that these metrics are a compact set. In this paper we prove that, both in the case of umbilic and non-umbilic boundary, if we linearly perturb the mean curvature term with a negative smooth function, the set of solutions of Yamabe problem is still a compact set.
We study the existence of conformal metrics on non-compact Riemannian manifolds with non-compact boundary, which are complete as metric spaces and have negative constant scalar curvature in the interior and negative constant mean curvature on the boundary. These metrics are constructed on smooth manifolds obtained by removing d-dimensional submanifolds from certain n-dimensional compact spaces locally modelled on generalized solid cones. We prove the existence of such metrics if and only if d>(n-2)/2. Our main theorem is inspired by the classical results by Aviles-McOwen and Loewner-Nirenberg …
We construct smooth mean curvature flows with surgery that approximate weak mean curvature flows with only spherical and neck-pinch singularities. This is achieved by combining the recent work of Choi-Haslhofer-Hershkovits, and Choi-Haslhofer-Hershkovits-White, establishing canonical neighbourhoods of such singularities, with suitable barriers to flows with surgery. A limiting argument is then used to control these approximating flows. We conclude by improving the entropy bound on the low-entropy Schoenflies conjecture.
On the positivity of Yamabe invariant and Paneitz operator
该研究针对 $n\ge5$ 的光滑紧致黎曼流形，建立了 Yamabe 不变量、Paneitz 算子的正性与共形度量存在性的等价关系，证实相关猜想并解决 Hang-Yang 的问题，还明确了两组假设的等价性。
Given a smooth compact manifold with boundary, we study variational properties of the volume functional and of the area functional of the boundary, restricted to the space of the Riemannian metrics with prescribed curvature. We obtain a sufficient and necessary condition for a metric to be a critical point. As a by-product, a very natural analogue of V-statics metrics is obtained. In the second part, using the Yamabe invariant in the boundary setting, we solve the Kazdan-Warner-Kobayashi problem in a compact manifold with boundary. For several cases, depending on the signal of the Yamabe invar…
Let $(M^n,g),~n\ge 3$ be a noncompact complete Riemannian manifold with compact boundary and $f$ a smooth function on $\partial M$. In this paper we show that for a large class of such manifolds, there exists a metric within the conformal class of $g$ that is complete, has zero scalar curvature on $M$ and has mean curvature $f$ on the boundary. The problem is equivalent to finding a positive solution to an elliptic equation with a non-linear boundary condition with critical Sobolev exponent.
A note on the positivity of $Q$-curvature via the continuity method
针对满足特定Yamabe不变量条件的5维闭黎曼流形，借助连续性方法证明其共形类中存在兼具正标量曲率与正Q-曲率的度量。
The Willmore energy, alias bending energy or rigid string action, and its variation-the Willmore invariant-are important surface conformal invariants with applications ranging from cell membranes to the entanglement entropy in quantum gravity. In work of Andersson, Chrusciel, and Friedrich, the same invariant arises as the obstruction to smooth boundary asymptotics to the Yamabe problem of finding a metric in a conformal class with constant scalar curvature. We use conformal geometry tools to describe and compute the asymptotics of the Yamabe problem on a conformally compact manifold and thus …
Motivated by the work of Li and Mantoulidis, we study singular metrics which are uniformly Euclidean $(L^\infty)$ on a compact manifold $M^n$ ($n\ge 3$) with negative Yamabe invariant $σ(M)$. It is well-known that if $g$ is a smooth metric on $M$ with unit volume and with scalar curvature $R(g)\ge σ(M)$, then $g$ is Einstein. We show, in all dimensions, the same is true for metrics with edge singularities with cone angles $\leq 2π$ along codimension-2 submanifolds. We also show in three dimension, if the Yamabe invariant of connected sum of two copies of $M$ attains its minimum, then the same …
In this paper we provide a sharp characterization of the smooth four-dimensional sphere. The assumptions of the theorem are conformally invariant, and can be reduced to an L^2 inequality of the Weyl tensor and positivity of the Yamabe invariant.
This is a technical paper, which is a continuation of math.DG/0211159. Here we construct Ricci flow with surgeries and verify most of the assertions, made in section 13 of that e-print; the exceptions are (1) the statement that manifolds that can collapse with local lower bound on sectional curvature are graph manifolds - this is deferred to a separate paper, since the proof has nothing to do with the Ricci flow, and (2) the claim on the lower bound for the volume of maximal horns and the smoothness of solutions from some time on, which turned out to be unjustified and, on the other hand, irre…
The Yamabe invariant is an invariant of a closed smooth manifold defined using conformal geometry and the scalar curvature. Recently, Petean showed that the Yamabe invariant is non-negative for all closed simply connected manifolds of dimension $\ge 5$. We extend this to show that Yamabe invariant is non-negative for all closed manifolds of dimension $\ge 5$ with fundamental group of odd order having all Sylow subgroups abelian. The main new geometric input is a way of studying the Yamabe invariant on Toda brackets. A similar method of proof shows that all closed manifolds of dimension $\ge 5$…
Flows with surgery revisited
本文提出无需先验估计、基于混合紧性定理的带手术几何流存在性证明新方法，在三维平均凸曲面情形给出经典存在性结果的新证明，其他情形将后续研究。
In this paper, we construct smooth forward Ricci flow evolutions of singular initial metrics resulting from rotationally symmetric neckpinches on S^(n+1), without performing an intervening surgery. In the restrictive context of rotational symmetry, this construction gives evidence in favor of Perelman's hope for a "canonically defined Ricci flow through singularities".
Positive mass theorems for singular asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds
本文通过分析奇异空间上的 Yamabe 方程，建立了具有任意端点的奇异渐近双曲流形的正质量定理，并推导了在光滑情形下也新颖的刚性结果。
Boundary Curvature Scalars on Conformally Compact Manifolds
本文引入共形紧流形边界上的共形不变曲率标量，度量奇异Yamabe问题的失败程度，其极点留数给出光滑解障碍并推导广义Willmore不变量，且提供前五个显式公式用于四维研究。
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