L. Arnold, J. Baudot, D. Bonnet, A. Boucham, S. Bouvier, J. Castillo, J. P. Coffin, C. Drancourt, B. Erazmus, L. Gaudichet, M. Germain, C. Gojak, J. Grabski, G.… 展开作者
L. Arnold, J. Baudot, D. Bonnet, A. Boucham, S. Bouvier, J. Castillo, J. P. Coffin, C. Drancourt, B. Erazmus, L. Gaudichet, M. Germain, C. Gojak, J. Grabski, G. Guilloux, M. Guedon, B. Hippolyte, M. Janik, A. Kisiel, C. Kuhn, L. Lakehal-Ayat, F. Lefevre, C. LeMoal, P. Leszczynski, J. R. Lutz, A. Maliszewski, L. Martin, T. Milletto, T. Pawlak, W. Peryt, J. Pluta, M. Przewlocki, S. Radomski, O. Ravel, C. Renard, G. Renault, L. M. Rigalleau, C. Roy, D. Roy, C. Suire, P. Szarwas, A. Tarchini
The STAR Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) completes the three layers of the Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) to make an inner tracking system located inside the Time Projection Chamber (TPC). This additional fourth layer provides two dimensional hit position and energy loss measurements for charged particles, improving the extrapolation of TPC tracks through SVT hits. To match the high multiplicity of central Au+Au collisions at RHIC the double sided silicon strip technology was chosen which makes the SSD a half million channels detector. Dedicated electronics have been designed for both readout and control. Also a novel technique of bonding, the Tape Automated Bonding (TAB), was used to fullfill the large number of bounds to be done. All aspects of the SSD are shortly described here and test performances of produced detection modules as well as simulated results on hit reconstruction are given.
中国地震电磁卫星（CSES）硅条跟踪器由两个双面硅条探测器（DSSD）组成，提供入射粒子跟踪信息。在这项研究中，低噪声模拟ASIC VA 140用于DSSD信号读出。在北京正负电子对撞机（BEPC）北京试验束流装置上，利用400~800 MeV/c质子束流对DSSD模块进行了束流测试。给出了DSSD模块的基座分析结果、RMSE噪声、增益校正和粒子入射位置重建。
Optimization of various isolation techniques to develop low noise, radiation hard double-sided silicon strip detectors for the CBM Silicon Tracking System
本文报道了双面硅微条探测器（DSSD）的设计优化，以减少等效噪声电荷（ENC），并最大限度地提高击穿电压和电荷收集效率。各种隔离技术进行了探讨，并进行了详细的比较研究，以优化检测器的性能。为了评价硅探测器的性能，已包括辐射损伤模型。在五年的预期CBM运行期间，预计中子注量为每年2 × 10 ^{13} n_{eq} cm $^{-2}$，中间阶段为热维护、冷维护和停堆。已经进行了瞬态模拟，以估计辐照探测器的电荷收集性能和模拟已与实验数据进行了验证。
Measurement of Characteristic Impedance of Silicon Fiber Sheet based readout strips panel for RPC detector in INO
印度中微子天文台（INO）是印度的一个大型科学项目，它将使用近3万个电阻板室（RPC）作为主动探测元件，用于大气中微子振荡的研究。每个RPC探测器将由两个正交放置的读出条板组成，用于拾取气室中产生的信号。在INO-ICAL（铁量热计）实验中，RPC探测器的面积为2 m x 2 m，因此读出条板的尺寸也为2 m x 2 m。为了使不失真的信号通过读出带面板到达前端电子设备，它们的特性阻抗应该彼此匹配。对于特性阻抗的匹配，我们采用了端接原理。在本文中，我们将描述用于制造阻燃、防水和柔性读出拾取条面板的新型介电材料的需求和探索。我们还将描述以比较的方式测量塑料蜂窝基读出条面板和硅纤维板基读出条面板的特性阻抗，以及其在负载下和随时间的变化。
We report on the development of a front-end ASIC for silicon-strip detectors of the J-PARC Muon g-2/EDM experiment. This experiment aims to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment precisely to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model. Since the time and momentum of positrons from muon decay are key information in the experiment, a fast response with high granularity is demanded to silicon-strip detectors as the positron tracker. The readout ASIC is thus required to tolerate a high hit rate of 1.4 MHz per strip and to have deep memory for the period of 40 us w…
Testbeam studies of pre-prototype silicon strip sensors for the LHCb UT upgrade project
LHCb实验正准备在2018-2019年进行重大升级。升级的关键组件之一是位于实验分析磁体上游的新硅跟踪器。上游跟踪器（UT）将由硅条探测器的四个平面组成，每个平面覆盖约2 m $^2$的面积。这些探测器的一个重要考虑因素是它们在暴露于大辐射剂量后的性能。在这篇文章中，我们提出了预原型的n-in-p和p-in-n传感器，已被照射的能量密度高达$4.0\times10^{14}$ $n_{\rm eq}$ cm $^{-2}$的测试束结果。
For the high granularity and high energy resolution, Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) is widely applied in assembling telescopes to measure the charged particles in heavy ion reactions. In this paper, we present a novel method to achieve track recognition in the SSD telescopes of the Compact Spectrometer for Heavy Ion Experiment (CSHINE). Each telescope consists of a single-sided silicon strip detector (SSSSD) and a double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSSD) backed by $3 \times 3$ CsI(Tl) crystals. Detector calibration and track reconstruction are implemented. Special decoding algorithm is develo…
In this paper we discuss the use of linked thermal and electrical network models to predict the behaviour of a complex silicon detector system. We use the silicon strip detector for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade to demonstrate the application of such a model and its performance. With this example, a thermo-electrical model is used to test design choices, validate specifications, predict key operational parameters such as cooling system requirements, and optimize operational aspects like the temperature profile over the lifetime of the experiment. The model can reveal insights into the interplay o…
Recent advances in CMOS imaging sensor technology , e.g. in CMOS pixel sensors, have proven that the CMOS process is radiation tolerant enough to cope with certain radiation levels required for tracking layers in hadron collider experiments. With the ever-increasing area covered by silicon tracking detectors cost effective alternatives to the current silicon sensors and more integrated designs are desirable. This article describes results obtained from laboratory measurements of silicon strip sensors produced in a passive p-CMOS process. Electrical characterization and charge collection measur…
The approach to heteroscedasticity of ref.1(Instruments 2022, 6(1), 10) contains a sketchy application of a sub-optimal method of very easy implementation: the lucky model. The supporting proof of this method could not be inserted in ref.1. The proof requires the analytical forms of the probability of ref.2 for the two strip center of gravity. However, those analytical forms suggest also a completion of the lucky-model for the absence of a scaling constant, relevant for combinations of different detector types. The advanced lucky-model (the super-lucky model) can be directly used for track fit…
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe（欧洲反质子与离子研究装置）
Optical inspection of 1191 silicon micro-strip sensors was performed using a custom made optical inspection setup, employing a machine-learning based approach for the defect analysis and subsequent quality assurance. Furthermore, metrological control of the sensor's surface was performed. In this manuscript, we present the analysis of various sensor surface defects. Among these are implant breaks, p-stop breaks, aluminium strip opens, aluminium strip shorts, surface scratches, double metallization layer defects, passivation layer defects, bias resistor defects as well as dust particle identifi…
When testing and calibrating particle detectors in a test beam, accurate tracking information independent of the detector being tested is extremely useful during the offline analysis of the data. A general-purpose Silicon Beam Tracker (SBT) was constructed with an active area of 32.0 x 32.0 mm2 to provide this capability for the beam calibration of the Cosmic Ray Energetics And Mass (CREAM) calorimeter. The tracker consists of two modules, each comprised of two orthogonal layers of 380 μm thick silicon strip sensors. In one module each layer is a 64-channel AC-coupled single-sided silicon stri…
Beam Test Characterization of Silicon Microstrip Detector Flight-Model Ladders for the AMS-02 Upgrade
Institute of High Energy Physics（高能物理研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；INFN Sezione di Perugia（佩鲁贾国家核物理研究所分部）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)（麻省理工学院）；Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica（台湾中央研究院物理研究所）
We have developed a software for fast calculation of capacitances in planar silicon pixel and strip sensors, based on 3D and 2D numerical solutions of the Laplace's equation. The validity of the 2D calculations was checked with capacitances measurements on Multi-Geometry Silicon Strip Detectors (MSSD). The 3D calculations were tested by comparison with pixel sensors capacitance measurements from literature. In both cases the Laplace equation results were compared with simulations obtained from the TCAD Sentaurus suite. The developed software is a useful tool for fast estimation of interstrip, …
In next ten years, the Large Hadron Collider will be upgraded to the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), resulting in ten time more integrated luminosity. To withstand the much harsher radiation and occupancy conditions of the HL-LHC, the inner tracker of the ATLAS detector must be redesigned and rebuilt completely. The design of the ATLAS Upgrade inner tracker (ITk) has already been defined. It consists of several layers of silicon particle detectors. The innermost layers will be composed of silicon pixel sensors, and the outer layers will consist of silicon microstrip sensors. This paper will focu…
The algorithms for position reconstruction in silicon micro-strip detectors are studied, and the signals of a minimum ionizing particle are simulated. The center-of-gravity distributions of the data events allow the fine tuning of the signal forms and of the strip response functions. In the sensors with floating strips the response function turns out to roughly approximate the response of a triangular function for the size of the signal involved. The simulations are extended to non orthogonal incidence. In these directions, and in general for all the asymmetric signal distributions, the standa…
A new fitting method is explored for momentum reconstruction of tracks in a constant magnetic field for a silicon-strip tracker. Substantial increases of momentum resolution respect to standard fit is obtained. The key point is the use of a realistic probability distribution for each hit (heteroscedasticity). Two different methods are used for the fits, the first method introduces an effective variance for each hit, the second method implements the maximum likelihood search. The tracker model is similar to the PAMELA tracker. Each side, of the two sided of the PAMELA detectors, is simulated as…
For the Phase-II Upgrade of the ATLAS detector at CERN, the current ATLAS Inner Detector will be replaced with the ATLAS Inner Tracker. The ATLAS Inner Tracker will be an all-silicon detector, consisting of a pixel tracker and a strip tracker. Sensors for the ITk strip tracker are required to have a low leakage current up to bias voltages of -700 V to maintain a low noise and power dissipation. In order to minimise sensor leakage currents, particularly in the high-radiation environment inside the ATLAS detector, sensors are foreseen to be operated at low temperatures and to be manufactured fro…
