In June 2008 single-sided silicon strip sensors with 50 $μ$m readout pitch were tested in a highly energetic pion beam at the SPS at CERN. The purpose of the test was to evaluate characteristic detector properties by varying the strip width and the number of intermediate strips. The experimental setup and first results for the spatial resolution are discussed.
We designed, produced, and tested RSD (Resistive AC-Coupled Silicon Detectors) devices, an evolution of the standard LGAD (Low-Gain Avalanche Diode) technology where a resistive n-type implant and a coupling dielectric layer have been implemented. The first feature works as a resistive sheet, freezing the multiplied charges, while the second one acts as a capacitive coupling for readout pads. We succeeded in the challenging goal of obtaining very fine pitch (50, 100, and 200 um) while maintaining the signal waveforms suitable for high timing and 4D-tracking performances, as in the standard LGA…
中国地震电磁卫星（CSES）硅条跟踪器由两个双面硅条探测器（DSSD）组成，提供入射粒子跟踪信息。在这项研究中，低噪声模拟ASIC VA 140用于DSSD信号读出。在北京正负电子对撞机（BEPC）北京试验束流装置上，利用400~800 MeV/c质子束流对DSSD模块进行了束流测试。给出了DSSD模块的基座分析结果、RMSE噪声、增益校正和粒子入射位置重建。
We have evaluated the performance of a fine pitch CdTe Double-sided Strip Detector (CdTe-DSD), which was originally developed for the focal plane detector of a hard X-ray telescope to observe the Sun. The detector has a thickness of 750 um and has 128 strip electrodes with a 60 um strip pitch orthogonally placed on both sides of the detector and covers an energy range 4 keV to 80 keV. The study of the depth of photon interaction and charge sharing effects are of importance in order to provide good spectroscopic and imaging performance. We study the tail structure observed in the spectra caused…
Optimization of various isolation techniques to develop low noise, radiation hard double-sided silicon strip detectors for the CBM Silicon Tracking System
本文报道了双面硅微条探测器（DSSD）的设计优化，以减少等效噪声电荷（ENC），并最大限度地提高击穿电压和电荷收集效率。各种隔离技术进行了探讨，并进行了详细的比较研究，以优化检测器的性能。为了评价硅探测器的性能，已包括辐射损伤模型。在五年的预期CBM运行期间，预计中子注量为每年2 × 10 ^{13} n_{eq} cm $^{-2}$，中间阶段为热维护、冷维护和停堆。已经进行了瞬态模拟，以估计辐照探测器的电荷收集性能和模拟已与实验数据进行了验证。
Measurement of Characteristic Impedance of Silicon Fiber Sheet based readout strips panel for RPC detector in INO
印度中微子天文台（INO）是印度的一个大型科学项目，它将使用近3万个电阻板室（RPC）作为主动探测元件，用于大气中微子振荡的研究。每个RPC探测器将由两个正交放置的读出条板组成，用于拾取气室中产生的信号。在INO-ICAL（铁量热计）实验中，RPC探测器的面积为2 m x 2 m，因此读出条板的尺寸也为2 m x 2 m。为了使不失真的信号通过读出带面板到达前端电子设备，它们的特性阻抗应该彼此匹配。对于特性阻抗的匹配，我们采用了端接原理。在本文中，我们将描述用于制造阻燃、防水和柔性读出拾取条面板的新型介电材料的需求和探索。我们还将描述以比较的方式测量塑料蜂窝基读出条面板和硅纤维板基读出条面板的特性阻抗，以及其在负载下和随时间的变化。
We report on the development of a front-end ASIC for silicon-strip detectors of the J-PARC Muon g-2/EDM experiment. This experiment aims to measure the muon anomalous magnetic moment and electric dipole moment precisely to explore new physics beyond the Standard Model. Since the time and momentum of positrons from muon decay are key information in the experiment, a fast response with high granularity is demanded to silicon-strip detectors as the positron tracker. The readout ASIC is thus required to tolerate a high hit rate of 1.4 MHz per strip and to have deep memory for the period of 40 us w…
Testbeam studies of pre-prototype silicon strip sensors for the LHCb UT upgrade project
LHCb实验正准备在2018-2019年进行重大升级。升级的关键组件之一是位于实验分析磁体上游的新硅跟踪器。上游跟踪器（UT）将由硅条探测器的四个平面组成，每个平面覆盖约2 m $^2$的面积。这些探测器的一个重要考虑因素是它们在暴露于大辐射剂量后的性能。在这篇文章中，我们提出了预原型的n-in-p和p-in-n传感器，已被照射的能量密度高达$4.0\times10^{14}$ $n_{\rm eq}$ cm $^{-2}$的测试束结果。
The physics aims at the proposed future high-energy linear $e^+e^-$ collider CLIC pose challenging demands on the performance of the detector system. In particular, the vertex and tracking detectors have to combine a spatial resolution of a few micrometres and a low material budget with a time-stamping accuracy of a few nanoseconds. For the vertex detector, fine-pitch sensors, dedicated 65nm readout ASICs, fine-pitch bonding techniques using solder bumps or anisotropic conductive films as well as monolithic devices based on Silicon-On-Insulator technology are explored. Fully monolithic CMOS se…
In this paper we discuss the use of linked thermal and electrical network models to predict the behaviour of a complex silicon detector system. We use the silicon strip detector for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade to demonstrate the application of such a model and its performance. With this example, a thermo-electrical model is used to test design choices, validate specifications, predict key operational parameters such as cooling system requirements, and optimize operational aspects like the temperature profile over the lifetime of the experiment. The model can reveal insights into the interplay o…
Recent advances in CMOS imaging sensor technology , e.g. in CMOS pixel sensors, have proven that the CMOS process is radiation tolerant enough to cope with certain radiation levels required for tracking layers in hadron collider experiments. With the ever-increasing area covered by silicon tracking detectors cost effective alternatives to the current silicon sensors and more integrated designs are desirable. This article describes results obtained from laboratory measurements of silicon strip sensors produced in a passive p-CMOS process. Electrical characterization and charge collection measur…
Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe（欧洲反质子与离子研究装置）
Optical inspection of 1191 silicon micro-strip sensors was performed using a custom made optical inspection setup, employing a machine-learning based approach for the defect analysis and subsequent quality assurance. Furthermore, metrological control of the sensor's surface was performed. In this manuscript, we present the analysis of various sensor surface defects. Among these are implant breaks, p-stop breaks, aluminium strip opens, aluminium strip shorts, surface scratches, double metallization layer defects, passivation layer defects, bias resistor defects as well as dust particle identifi…
The approach to heteroscedasticity of ref.1(Instruments 2022, 6(1), 10) contains a sketchy application of a sub-optimal method of very easy implementation: the lucky model. The supporting proof of this method could not be inserted in ref.1. The proof requires the analytical forms of the probability of ref.2 for the two strip center of gravity. However, those analytical forms suggest also a completion of the lucky-model for the absence of a scaling constant, relevant for combinations of different detector types. The advanced lucky-model (the super-lucky model) can be directly used for track fit…
We propose a new strip configuration for CdTe X-ray detectors, named "Wide-gap CdTe strip detector", in which the gap between adjacent strips is much wider than the width of each strip. It has been known that the observed energies of an incoming photon in adjacent strips can be utilized to achieve a position resolution finer than the strip pitch, if and only if the charge cloud induced by an incoming X-ray photon is split into multiple strips and their energies are accurately measured. However, with existing CdTe strip detectors, the ratio of such charge-sharing events is limited. An idea for …
We have developed a software for fast calculation of capacitances in planar silicon pixel and strip sensors, based on 3D and 2D numerical solutions of the Laplace's equation. The validity of the 2D calculations was checked with capacitances measurements on Multi-Geometry Silicon Strip Detectors (MSSD). The 3D calculations were tested by comparison with pixel sensors capacitance measurements from literature. In both cases the Laplace equation results were compared with simulations obtained from the TCAD Sentaurus suite. The developed software is a useful tool for fast estimation of interstrip, …
For the high granularity and high energy resolution, Silicon Strip Detector (SSD) is widely applied in assembling telescopes to measure the charged particles in heavy ion reactions. In this paper, we present a novel method to achieve track recognition in the SSD telescopes of the Compact Spectrometer for Heavy Ion Experiment (CSHINE). Each telescope consists of a single-sided silicon strip detector (SSSSD) and a double-sided silicon strip detector (DSSSD) backed by $3 \times 3$ CsI(Tl) crystals. Detector calibration and track reconstruction are implemented. Special decoding algorithm is develo…
Development of Small-pitch, Ultra-thin 3D Silicon Sensors at USTC
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)（中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所）；State Key Laboratory of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院集成工艺国家重点实验室）
The algorithms for position reconstruction in silicon micro-strip detectors are studied, and the signals of a minimum ionizing particle are simulated. The center-of-gravity distributions of the data events allow the fine tuning of the signal forms and of the strip response functions. In the sensors with floating strips the response function turns out to roughly approximate the response of a triangular function for the size of the signal involved. The simulations are extended to non orthogonal incidence. In these directions, and in general for all the asymmetric signal distributions, the standa…
