Matthew A. Papanikolas
We define a new canonical height pairing on the rational points of elliptic curves over global function fields which takes values in the multiplicative group of a completion of the function field. This height serves as an analogue of both the classical Neron-Tate height and analytic p-adic heights. Our main result is that under some general hypotheses this pairing is non-degenerate.
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We show the existence of canonical heights of subvarieties for bounded sequences of morphisms and give some applications.
We give an asymptotic formula for the number of elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ with bounded Faltings height. Silverman has shown that the Faltings height for elliptic curves over number fields can be expressed in terms of modular functions and the minimal discriminant of the elliptic curve. We use this to recast the problem as one of counting lattice points in a particular region in $\mathbb{R}^2$.
Canonical local heights and Berkovich skeleta
本文从Berkovich解析空间视角研究非阿基米德域上阿贝尔簇的典范局部高度，细化了Néron关于其与相交重数关系的经典结果，并将Tate的显式公式推广到高维。
We give examples of points with particularly low height on elliptic curves over quadratic fields, recovered by a search over elliptic divisibility sequences. The smallest example identified satisfies dh(P)=0.0077127...: improving on the previous smallest for curves over quadratic fields of dh(P)=0.0194426... given by Everest and Ward; and comparable with some of the examples of smallest height on curves over Q tabulated by Elkies.
This paper is the sequel of our paper "Arithmetic height functions over finitely generated fields" (cf. math.NT/9809016). In this paper, we define the canonical height of subvarieties of an abelian variety over a finitely generated field over Q. We also prove that the canonical height of a subvariety is zero if and only if it is a translation of an abelian subvariety by a torsion point.
We construct canonical heights of subvarieties for dynamical system of several morphisms associated with line bundles defined over a number field, and study some of their properties. We also construct invariant currents for such systems over $\mathbb{C}$.
In this short note we prove a formula for local heights on elliptic curves over number fields in terms of intersection theory on a regular model over the ring of integers.
We study the interplay between canonical heights and endomorphisms of an abelian variety $A$ over a number field $k$. In particular we show that whenever the ring of endomorphisms defined over $k$ is strictly larger than $\Z$ there will be $\Q$-linear relations among the values of a canonical height-pairing evaluated at a basis modulo torsion of $A(k)$.
An expository lecture on the analogy between the subjects of the title. Delivered at the International Conference on Number Theory at the Korea Institute for Advanced Study in December 1997.
Given an elliptic curve E over a function field K=Q(T_1,...,T_n), we study the behavior of the canonical height ^h_(E_w) of the specialized elliptic curve E_w with respect to the height of w in Q^n. In this paper, we prove that there exists a uniform non-zero lower bound for the average of the quotient ^h_(E_w)(P_w)/h(w) for all non-torsion P in E(K).
Stacky heights on elliptic curves in characteristic 3
本文证明在特征 3 的稳定椭圆曲线模叠上不存在可诱导通常 Faltings 高度的 stacky 高度，否定回答了 Ellenberg 等人的问题。
Let A be an abelian variety defined over a number field K, and consider the canonical height function attached to a symmetric ample line bundle L on A. We prove that there is a positive lower bound C (depending on A, K, and L) for the canonical height of non-torsion points on A defined over the maximal abelian extension K^ab of K.
For several applications in the arithmetic of abelian varieties it is important to compute canonical heights. Following Faltings and Hriljac, we show how the canonical height on the Jacobian of a smooth projective curve can be computed using arithmetic intersection theory on a regular model of the curve in practice. In the case of hyperelliptic curves we present a complete algorithm that has been implemented in Magma. Several examples are computed and the behavior of the running time is discussed.
Let $f: \mathbb{A}^2 \to \mathbb{A}^2$ be a polynomial automorphism of dynamical degree $δ\geq 2$ over a number field $K$. (This is equivalent to say that $f$ is a polynomial automorphism that is not triangularizable.) Then we construct canonical height functions defined on $\mathbb{A}^2(\bar{K})$ associated with $f$. These functions satisfy the Northcott finiteness property, and an $\bar{K}$-valued point on $\mathbb{A}^2(\bar{K})$ is $f$-periodic if and only if its height is zero. As an application of canonical height functions, we give an estimate on the number of points with bounded height …
Most systematic tables of data associated to ranks of elliptic curves order the curves by conductor. Recent developments, led by work of Bhargava-Shankar studying the average sizes of $n$-Selmer groups, have given new upper bounds on the average algebraic rank in families of elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ ordered by height. We describe databases of elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ ordered by height in which we compute ranks and $2$-Selmer group sizes, the distributions of which may also be compared to these theoretical results. A striking new phenomenon observed in these databases is that …
In an earlier paper by the first author, an argument for the nonexistence of canonical vector heights on K3 surfaces of Picard number three was given, based on an explicit surface that was not proved to have Picard number three. In this paper, we fill the gap in the argument by redoing the computations for another explicit surface for which we prove that the Picard number equals three. The conclusion remains unchanged.
Let f: A^N \to A^N be a regular polynomial automorphism defined over a number field K. For each place v of K, we construct the v-adic Green functions G_{f,v} and G_{f^{-1},v} (i.e., the v-adic canonical height functions) for f and f^{-1}. Next we introduce for f the notion of good reduction at v, and using this notion, we show that the sum of v-adic Green functions over all v gives rise to a canonical height function for f that satisfies the Northcott-type finiteness property. Using previous results, we recover results on arithmetic properties of f-periodic points and non f-periodic points. We…
Let K be a number field and let E/K be an elliptic curve. If E has complex multiplication, we show that there is a positive lower bound for the canonical height of non-torsion points on E defined over the maximal abelian extension K^ab of K. This is analogous to results of Amoroso-Dvornicich and Amoroso-Zannier for the multiplicative group. We also show that if E has non-integral j-invariant (so that in particular E does not have complex multiplication), then there exists C > 0 such that there are only finitely many points P in E(K^ab) of canonical height less than C. This strengthens a result…
For each of n=1,2,3 we find the minimal height h^(P) of a nontorsion point P of an elliptic curve E over C(T) of discriminant degree d=12n (equivalently, of arithmetic genus n), and exhibit all (E,P) attaining this minimum. The minimal h^(P) was known to equal 1/30 for n=1 (Oguiso-Shioda) and 11/420 for n=2 (Nishiyama), but the formulas for the general (E,P) were not known, nor was the fact that these are also the minima for an elliptic curve of discriminant degree 12n over a function field of any genus. For n=3 both the minimal height (23/840) and the explicit curves are new. These (E,P) also…
Canonical heights and Arakelov geometry on semi-abelian varieties. In this paper, we propose a construction of the canonical heights on an extension of an abelian variety by the multiplicative group, in the framework of Arakelov geometry. These canonical heights are the sum of some height coming from the abelian variety and something we call a relative height. We finally give some complements about the points whose relative height is zero.
Canonical Heights on Shimura Varieties and the André-Oort Conjecture
本文旨在完全一般性地证明 André-Oort 猜想，该猜想涉及 Shimura 簇上特殊子簇的分布。
We prove, for the canonical height defined by Silverman [15] on monomial maps, the existence of effective lower bounds for heights of points with Zariski dense orbit, for cases with endomorphisms induced by matrices with real Jordan form.
Explicit Uniform Lower Bounds for the Canonical Height on Elliptic Curves over Abelian Extensions
本文通过显式方法为椭圆曲线在阿贝尔扩张上的诺尔-塔特高度提供了一个不依赖基域判别式的下界，改进了 Baker 的定理证明。
We count the number of rational elliptic curves of bounded naive height that have a rational $N$-isogeny, for $N \in \{2,3,4,5,6,8,9,12,16,18\}$. For some $N$, this is done by generalizing a method of Harron and Snowden. For the remaining cases, we use the framework of Ellenberg, Satriano and Zureick-Brown, in which the naive height of an elliptic curve is the height of the corresponding point on a moduli stack.
Given an endomorphism f of projective space, we exhibit explicit bounds on the difference between the naive height of a divisor and its canonical height relative to f.
A 1979 letter from John Tate to Jean-Pierre Serre in which the author describes an efficient and elegant algorithm for computing local heights on elliptic curves.
We prove that a positive proportion of squarefree integers are congruent numbers such that the canonical height of the lowest non-torsion rational point on the corresponding elliptic curve satisfies a strong lower bound.
We obtain new results concerning the Sato--Tate conjecture on the distribution of Frobenius angles over parametric families of elliptic curves with a rational parameter of bounded height.
We show that the minimum $h_{\text{min}}$ of the stable Faltings height on elliptic curves found by Deligne is followed by a gap. This means that there is a constant $C >0$ such that for every elliptic curve $E/K$ with everywhere semistable reduction over a number field $K$, we either have $h(E/K)=h_{\text{min}}$ or $h(E/K)\geq h_{\text{min}} +C$. We determine such an absolute constant explicitly. On the contrary, we show that there is no such gap for elliptic curves with unstable reduction.
The canonical height associated to a polarized endomporhism of a projective variety, constructed by Call and Silverman and generalizing the Néron-Tate height on a polarized Abelian variety, plays an important role in the arithmetic theory of dynamical systems. We generalize this construction to polarized correspondences, prove various fundamental properties, and show how the global canonical height decomposes as an integral of a local height over the space of absolute values on the algebraic closure of the field of definition.
We show that the canonical height function defined by Silverman does not have the Northcott finiteness property in general. We develop a new canonical height function for monomial maps. In certain cases, this new canonical height function has nice properties.
We introduce a new canonical height function for Jordan blocks of small eigenvalues for endomorphisms on smooth projective varieties over a number field. We prove that under an assumption on the eigenvalues of the endomorphism on the group of divisors modulo numerical equivalence, the arithmetic degree at a rational point is equal to one if and only if it is preperiodic under the endomorphism.
We study families of varieties endowed with polarized canonical eigensystems of several maps, inducing canonical heights on the dominating variety as well as on the "good" fibers of the family. We show explicitely the dependence on the parameter for global and local canonical heights defined by Kawaguchi when the fibers change, extending previous works of J. Silverman and others. Finally, fixing an absolute value $v \in K$ and a variety $V/K$, we descript the Kawaguchi`s canonical local height $\hatλ_{V,E,\mathcal{Q},}(.,v)$ as an intersection number, provided that the polarized system $(V,\ma…
We give a direct proof that the Mazur-Tate and Coleman-Gross heights on elliptic curves coincide. The main ingredient is to extend the Coleman-Gross height to the case of divisors with non-disjoint support and, doing some $p$-adic analysis, show that, in particular, its component above $p$ gives, in the special case of an ordinary elliptic curve, the $p$-adic sigma function. We use this result to give a short proof of a theorem of Kim characterizing integral points on elliptic curves in some cases under weaker assumptions. As a further application, we give new formulas to compute double Colema…
Let K be a number field, X/K a curve, and f/X a family of endomorphisms of projective N-space. It follows from a result of Call and Silverman that the canonical height associated to the family f, evaluated along a section, differs from a Weil height on the base by little-o of a Weil height. In the case where f is a family with an invariant hyperplane, whose restriction to this invariant hyperplane is isotrivial, we improve this by showing that the canonical height along a section differs from a Weil height on the base by a bounded amount.
We define an "ample canonical height" for an endomorphism on a projective variety, which is essentially a generalization of the canonical heights for polarized endomorphisms introduced by Call--Silverman. We formulate a dynamical analogue of the Northcott finiteness theorem for ample canonical heights as a conjecture, and prove it for endomorphisms on varieties of small Picard numbers, abelian varieties, and surfaces. As applications, for the endomorphisms which satisfy the conjecture, we show the non-density of the set of preperiodic points over a fixed number field, and obtain a dynamical Mo…
We study genus one curves that arise as 2-, 3- and 4-coverings of elliptic curves. We describe efficient algorithms for testing local solubility and modify the classical formulae for the covering maps so that they work in all characteristics. These ingredients are then combined to give explicit bounds relating the height of a rational point on one of the covering curves to the height of its image on the elliptic curve. We use our results to improve the existing methods for searching for rational points on elliptic curves.
We show that the canonical-lift construction for ordinary elliptic curves over perfect fields of characteristic $p>0$ extends uniquely to arbitrary families of ordinary elliptic curves, even over $p$-adic formal schemes. In particular, the universal ordinary elliptic curve has a canonical lift. The existence statement is largely a formal consequence of the universal property of Witt vectors applied to the moduli space of ordinary elliptic curves, at least with enough level structure. As an application, we show how this point of view allows for more formal proofs of recent results of Finotti an…
We extend the Faltings modular heights of abelian varieties to general arithmetic varieties and show direct relations with the Kahler-Einstein geometry, the Minimal Model Program, heights of Bost and Zhang, and give some applications. Along the way, we propose arithmetic Yau-Tian-Donaldson conjecture, an equivalence of a purely arithmetic property of variety and its metrical property, and partially confirm it.
We compute a lower bound of the canonical height on quadratic twists of certain elliptic curves. Also we show a simple method for constructing families of quadratic twists with an explicit rational point. % from cubic polynomials. Using the above lower bound, we show that the explicit rational point is primitive as an element of the Mordell--Weil group.
We establish new upper bounds for the height of the S-integral points of an elliptic curve. This bound is explicitly given in terms of the set S of places of the number field K involved, but also in terms of the degree of K, as well as the rank, the regulator and the height of a basis of the Mordell-Weil group of the curve. The proof uses the elliptic analogue of Baker's method, based on lower bounds for linear forms in elliptic logarithms.
We prove that the number of rational points of bounded height on certain del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1 defined over Q grows linearly, as predicted by Manin's conjecture. Along the way, we investigate the average number of integral points of small naive height on quadratic twists of a fixed elliptic curve with full rational 2-torsion.
We present a dynamical proof of the well-known fact that the Neron-Tate canonical height (and its local counterpart) takes rational values at points of an elliptic curve over a function field k of transcendence degree 1 over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic 0. More generally, we investigate the mechanism for which the local canonical height for a rational function f defined over k can take irrational values (at points in a local completion of k), providing examples in all degrees greater than 1. Building on Kiwi's classification of non-archimedean Julia sets for quadratic maps…
We adopt a statistical point of view on the conjecture of Lang which predicts a lower bound for the canonical height of non-torsion rational points on elliptic curves defined over $\mathbb{Q}$. More specifically, we prove that among the family of all elliptic curves defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ and having positive rank, there is a density one subfamily of curves which satisfy a strong form of Lang's conjecture.
To compute generators for the Mordell-Weil group of an elliptic curve over a number field, one needs to bound the difference between the naive and the canonical height from above. We give an elementary and fast method to compute an upper bound for the local contribution to this difference at an archimedean place, which sometimes gives better results than previous algorithms.
Counting elliptic curves over $\mathbb{Q}$ with bounded naive height
本文研究了有理数域上具有有界朴素高度的椭圆曲线的计数问题，给出了精确和渐近公式，并探讨了不同子族，包括固定j-不变量和复乘（CM）的曲线。
We give a mathematical structure on an arithmetic surface, that has algebraic meanings over finite places and can estimate the canonical norm for a relative differential form on the arithmetic surface. This will give a lower bound for the canonical norm for a relative differential form on an arithmetic surface, which proves a Height Inequality on the arithmetic surface.
Certain lower bounds are obtained on the canonical height associated to the morphism $ϕ(z)=z^d+c$.
We formulate a conjecture about the distribution of the canonical height of the lowest non-torsion rational point on a quadratic twist of a given elliptic curve, as the twist varies. This conjecture seems to be very deep and we can only prove partial results in this direction.
For elliptic curves given by the equation $E_{a}: y^{2}=x^{3}+ax$, we establish the best-possible version of Lang's conjecture on the lower bound of the canonical height of non-torsion points along with best-possible upper and lower bounds for the difference between the canonical and logarithmic height.
For $E_{b}: y^{2}=x^{3}+b$, we establish Lang's conjecture on a lower bound for the canonical height of non-torsion points along with upper and lower bounds for the difference between the canonical and logarithmic height. In many cases, our results are actually best-possible.
Let $d\ge 2$ be an integer, let $c(t)$ be any rational map, and let $f_t(z) := (z^d+t)/z$ be a family of rational maps indexed by t. For each algebraic number $t$, we let $h_{f_t}(c(t))$ be the canonical height of $c(t)$ with respect to the rational map $f_t$. We prove that the map $H(t):=h_{f_t}(c(t))$ (as $t$ varies among the algebraic numbers) is a Weil height.
A system of transformations is associated to a rational point on an elliptic curve. The sequence entropy is connected to the canonical height, and in some cases there is a canonically defined quotient system whose entropy is the canonical height and for which the fibre entropy is accounted for by local heights at primes of bad reduction. The proofs use transcendence theory and a strong form of Siegel's theorem. We go on to extend these ideas to the morphic heights of Call and Goldstine.
We consider the practical computation of rational points on y^2=x(x^2+ax+b). The algebra necessary for a 4-descent procedure is described. A simple further descent is then described which only uses integer arithmetic. Numerous examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of this extra descent. Currently, the largest point found has height 51.15 or 102.3, depending on which height normalisation you use.
Given a family of abelian varieties over a quasiprojective smooth curve $T^0$ over a global field and a point $P$ on the generic fiber, we show that the Néron-Tate canonical height $h_{X_t}(P_t)$ of $P_t$ along each fiber is exactly equal to a Weil height $h_{\overline M}(t)$ given by an adelic metrized line bundle $\overline M$ on the unique smooth projective curve $T$ containing $T^0$. As a consequence, we show that a conjecture of Zhang on the finiteness of small-height specializations of $P$ is equivalent to $\overline M$ being big.
Let $C$ be an algebraic curve embedded transversally in a power $E^N$ of an elliptic curve $E$. In this article we produce a good explicit bound for the height of all the algebraic points on $C$ contained in the union of all proper algebraic subgroups of $E^N$. The method gives a totally explicit version of the Manin-Dam'janenko Theorem in the elliptic case and it is a generalisation of previous results only proved when $E$ does not have Complex Multiplication.
Canonical heights, periods and the Hurwitz zeta function
本文为相对丰富的对数典范线丛引入典范高度，证明其与 K-稳定性及 Kähler-Einstein 度量高度的关系，并用周期极限公式显式计算算术对数曲面等情形，应用于志村曲线整模型和 Arakelov 度量界。
We prove a lower bound on the canonical height associated to polynomials over number fields evaluated at points with infinite forward orbit. The lower bound depends only on the degree of the polynomial, the degree of the number field, and the number of places of bad reduction.
We give an algorithm which requires no integer factorization for computing the canonical height of a point in $\mathbb{P}^1(\mathbb{Q})$ relative to a morphism $ϕ: \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^1 \rightarrow \mathbb{P}_{\mathbb{Q}}^1$ of degree $d \geq 2$.
On the number of points with bounded dynamical canonical height
本文研究具有有界动力学典范高度的点的数量，利用 Hsia 的动力学高度 zeta 函数，给出特殊情形下的显式公式，并推导出点数的渐近行为。
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