Finite q-identities related to well-known theorems of Euler and Gauss

Signed Euler-Mahonian identities

A relationship between signed Eulerian polynomials and the classical Eulerian polynomials on $\mathfrak{S}_n$ was given by Désarménien and Foata in 1992, and a refined version, called signed Euler-Mahonian identity, together with a bijective proof were proposed by Wachs in the same year. By generalizing this bijection, in this paper we extend the above results to the Coxeter groups of types $B_n$, $D_n$, and the complex reflection group $G(r,1,n)$, where the `sign' is taken to be any one-dimensional character. Some obtained identities can be further restricted on some particular set of permuta…

多对数的可见点划分恒等式及参数化 Euler 和

Visible Point Partition Identities for Polylogarithms, and Parametric Euler Sums

本文利用已知多对数关系与 Euler 和值，系统推导二维至五维可见点向量加权划分的约六十个新组合恒等式，并推广至 n 维超卦限和超棱锥格点情形。

Symmetric identities for Euler polynomials

In this paper we establish two symmetric identities on sums of products of Euler polynomials.

New identities involving Bernoulli and Euler polynomials

In this paper we obtain several new identities for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials; some of them extend Miki's and Matiyasevich's identities. Our new method involves differences and derivatives of polynomials.

New identities involving Bernoulli and Euler polynomials. II

We derive several symmetric identities for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials which imply some known identities. Our proofs depend on the new technique developed in part I and some identities obtained in [European J. Combin. 24(2003), 709--718].

The Euler Series Transformation and the Binomial Identities of Ljunggren, Munarini and Simons

It is shown that the curious identity of Simons follows immediately from Euler's series transformation formula and also from an identity due to Ljunggren. The relation of Simons' identity to Legendre's polynomials is also discussed. At the end we use the generalized Euler series transformation to obtain two recent binomial identities of Munarini.

Covariants of binary forms and new identities for Bernoulli, Euler and Hermite polynomials

Using the methods of classical invariant theory a general approach to finding of identities for Bernulli, Euler and Hermite polynomials is proposed.

Series Transformation Formulas of Euler Type, Hadamard Product of Functions, and Harmonic Number Identities

The integral representation of the Hadamard product of two functions is used to prove several Euler-type series transformation formulas. As applications we obtain three binomial identities involving harmonic numbers and an identity for the Laguerre polynomials. We also evaluate in a closed form certain power series with harmonic numbers

着色拟对称函数的特殊化与 Euler–Mahonian 恒等式

Specializations of colored quasisymmetric functions and Euler-Mahonian identities

本文通过特殊化 Poirier 着色拟对称函数，建立统一框架推导着色置换上 Euler–Mahonian 联合分布公式，统一并推广多个已知结果，且在有符号置换上引入新的双参数 flag major index 并给出分布公式。

Identities for the Euler polynomials, $p$-adic integrals and Witt's formula

By using Cauchy's formula, it is known that Bernoulli numbers and Euler numbers can be represented by the contour integrals \begin{equation*} \begin{aligned} B_n&=\frac{n!}{2πi}\oint \frac{z}{e^z-1}\frac{d z}{z^{n+1}},\label{condefi}\\[4pt] E_n&=\frac{n!}{2πi}\oint \frac{2e^z}{e^{2z}+1}\frac{d z}{z^{n+1}}, \end{aligned} \end{equation*} while the following Witt's formula represents Euler polynomials through the fermionic $p$-adic integrals $$E_n(a)=\int_{\mathbb Z_p}(x+a)^ndμ_{-1}(x).$$ Base on the above Witt's identity and the binomial theorem, we prove some new identities for the Euler polyno…

Eulerian Central Limit Theorems and Carlitz identities in positive elements of Classical Weyl Groups

Central Limit Theorems are known for the Eulerian statistic "descent" (or "excedance") in the symmetric group $\SSS_n$. Recently, Fulman, Kim, Lee and Petersen gave a Central Limit Theorem for "descent" over the alternating group $\AAA_n$ and also gave a Carlitz identity in $\AAA_n$ using descents. In this paper, we give a Central Limit Theorem in $\AAA_n$ involving excedances. We extend these to the positive elements in type B and type D Coxeter groups. Boroweic and Młotkowski enumerated type B descents over $\DD_n$, the type D Coxeter group and gave similar results. We refine their results f…

Random Walk Models for Nontrivial Identities of Bernoulli and Euler Polynomials

We consider the $1$-dimensional reflected Brownian motion and $3$-dimensional Bessel process and the general models. By decomposing the hitting times of consecutive sites into loops, we obtain identities, called loop identities, for the generating functions of the hitting times. After proving this decomposition both combinatorially and inductively, we consider the case that sites are equally distributed. Then, from loop identities, we derive expressions of Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, in terms of Euler polynomials of higher-orders.

Extended Zeilberger's Algorithm for Identities on Bernoulli and Euler Polynomials

We present a computer algebra approach to proving identities on Bernoulli polynomials and Euler polynomials by using the extended Zeilberger's algorithm given by Chen, Hou and Mu. The key idea is to use the contour integral definitions of the Bernoulli and Euler numbers to establish recurrence relations on the integrands. Such recurrence relations have certain parameter free properties which lead to the required identities without computing the integrals.

Identities concerning Bernoulli and Euler polynomials

We establish two general identities for Bernoulli and Euler polynomials, which are of a new type and have many consequences. The most striking result in this paper is as follows: If $n$ is a positive integer, $r+s+t=n$ and $x+y+z=1$, then we have $$rF(s,t;x,y)+sF(t,r;y,z)+tF(r,s;z,x)=0$$ where $$F(s,t;x,y):=\sum_{k=0}^n(-1)^k\binom{s}{k}\binom{t}{n-k}B_{n-k}(x)B_k(y).$$ This symmetric relation implies the curious identities of Miki and Matiyasevich as well as some new identities for Bernoulli polynomials such as $$\sum_{k=0}^n\binom{n}{k}^2B_k(x)B_{n-k}(x)=2\sum^n\Sb k=0 k\not=n-1\endSb\binom{…

Weighted Forms of Euler's Theorem

In answer to a question of Andrews about finding combinatorial proofs of two identities in Ramanujan's "Lost" Notebook, we obtain weighted forms of Euler's theorem on partitions with odd parts and distinct parts. This work is inspired by the insight of Andrews on the connection between Ramanujan's identities and Euler's theorem. Our combinatorial formulations of Ramanujan's identities rely on the notion of rooted partitions. Iterated Dyson's map and Sylvester's bijection are the main ingredients in the weighted forms of Euler's theorem.

An Elliptic $BC_n$ Bailey Lemma, Multiple Rogers--Ramanujan Identities and Euler's Pentagonal Number Theorems

An elliptic $BC_n$ generalization of the classical two parameter Bailey Lemma is proved, and a basic one parameter $BC_n$ Bailey Lemma is obtained as a limiting case. Several summation and transformation formulas associated with the root system $BC_n$ are proved as applications, including a $_6ϕ_5$ summation formula, a generalized Watson transformation and an unspecialized Rogers--Selberg identity. The last identity is specialized to give an infinite family of multilateral Rogers--Selberg identities. Standard determinant evaluations are then used to compute $B_n$ and $D_n$ generalizations of t…

Beck-type identities for Euler pairs of order $r$

Partition identities are often statements asserting that the set $\mathcal P_X$ of partitions of $n$ subject to condition $X$ is equinumerous to the set $\mathcal P_Y$ of partitions of $n$ subject to condition $Y$. A Beck-type identity is a companion identity to $|\mathcal P_X|=|\mathcal P_Y|$ asserting that the difference $b(n)$ between the number of parts in all partitions in $\mathcal P_X$ and the number of parts in all partitions in $\mathcal P_Y$ equals a $c|\mathcal P_{X'}|$ and also $c|\mathcal P_{Y'}|$, where $c$ is some constant related to the original identity, and $X'$, respectively…

A generating function for the Euler numbers of the second kind and its application

In the paper, 2 explicit formulas for the Euler numbers of the second kind are obtained. Based on those formulas a exponential generating function is deduced. Using the generating function some well-known and new identities for the Euler number of the second kind are obtained.

Eulerian summation operators and a remarkable family of polynomials

We give several families of polynomials which are related by Eulerian summation operators. They satisfy interesting combinatorial properties like being integer-valued at integral points. This involves nearby-symmetries and a recursion for the values at half-integral points. We also obtain identities for super Catalan numbers.

Eulerian polynomials and descent statistics

We prove several identities expressing polynomials counting permutations by various descent statistics in terms of Eulerian polynomials, extending results of Stembridge, Petersen, and Brändén. Additionally, we find $q$-exponential generating functions for $q$-analogues of these descent statistic polynomials that also keep track of the inversion number or inverse major index. We also present identities relating several of these descent statistic polynomials to refinements of type B Eulerian polynomials and flag descent polynomials by the number of negative letters of a signed permutation. Our m…

Explicit formulae for computing Euler polynomials in terms of Stirling numbers of the second kind

In the paper, the author elementarily unifies and generalizes eight identities involving the functions $\frac{\pm1}{e^{\pm t}-1}$ and their derivatives. By one of these identities, the author establishes two explicit formulae for computing Euler polynomials and two-parameter Euler polynomials, which are a newly introduced notion, in terms of Stirling numbers of the second kind.

Algebraic identities on q-harmonic numbers and q-binomial coefficients

The aim of this paper is to present a general algebraic identity. Applying this identity, we provide several formulas involving the q-binomial coefficients and the q-harmonic numbers. We also recover some known identities including an algebraic identity of D. Y. Zheng on q-Apéry numbers and we establish the q-analog of Euler's formula. The proposed results may have important applications in the theory of q-supercongruences.

新的多项式恒等式及其若干推论

New Polynomial Identities and Some Consequences

本文借助 Euler Beta 函数与二项式定理推导两个多项式恒等式，推广已知结果，并由此得到及推广 Frisch、Klamkin 组合恒等式，还给出一类恒等式的推导方案。

Some identities involving second kind Stirling numbers of types $B$ and $D$

Using Reiner's definition of Stirling numbers of the second kind in types $B$ and $D$, we generalize two well-known identities concerning the classical Stirling numbers of the second kind. The first identity relates them with Eulerian numbers and the second identity interprets them as entries in a transition matrix between the elements of two standard bases of the polynomial ring $R[x]$. Finally, we generalize these identities to the group of colored permutations $G_{m,n}$.

Eulerian polynomials on segmented permutations

We define a generalization of the Eulerian polynomials and the Eulerian numbers by considering a descent statistic on segmented permutations coming from the study of 2-species exclusion processes and a change of basis in a Hopf algebra. We give some properties satisfied by these generalized Eulerian numbers. We also define a $q$-analog of these Eulerian polynomials which gives back usual Eulerian polynomials and ordered Bell polynomials for specific values of its variables. We also define a noncommutative analog living in the algebra of segmented compositions. It gives us an explicit generatin…

对称函数的新组合恒等式

The new combinatorial identities of symmetric functions

本文利用指数生成函数等初等方法，研究了与对称函数相关的二项式卷积及Bernoulli、Euler和Genocchi数与多项式的卷积和，推导并建立了二元多项式及相关特殊多项式的多个新组合恒等式。

In Praise of an Elementary Identity of Euler

We survey the applications of an elementary identity used by Euler in one of his proofs of the Pentagonal Number Theorem. Using a suitably reformulated version of this identity that we call Euler's Telescoping Lemma, we give alternate proofs of all the key summation theorems for terminating Hypergeometric Series and Basic Hypergeometric Series, including the terminating Binomial Theorem, the Chu--Vandermonde sum, the Pfaff--Saalch\" utz sum, and their $q$-analogues. We also give a proof of Jackson's $q$-analog of Dougall's sum, the sum of a terminating, balanced, very-well-poised $_8ϕ_7$ sum. …

Duals of Bernoulli Numbers and Polynomials and Euler Number and Polynomials

A sequence inverse relationship can be defined by a pair of infinite inverse matrices. If the pair of matrices are the same, they define a dual relationship. Here presented is a unified approach to construct dual relationships via pseudo-involution of Riordan arrays. Then we give four dual relationships for Bernoulli numbers and Euler numbers, from which the corresponding dual sequences of Bernoulli polynomials and Euler polynomials are constructed. Some applications in the construction of identities of Bernoulli numbers and polynomials and Euler numbers and polynomials are discussed based on …

从广义斯特林数和欧拉数导出的玻色子算符排序恒等式

Boson Operator Ordering Identities from Generalized Stirling and Eulerian Numbers

本文研究单模玻色子算符生成的代数中的排序恒等式，推导了玻色子串幂的两种展开方式，确定其系数为广义斯特林数与欧拉数，发展了相关计算理论并涵盖先前正规排序结果。

A tiling proof of Euler's pentagnal number theorem and generalizations

In two papers, Little and Sellers introduced an exciting new combinatorial method for proving partition identities which is not directly bijective. Instead, they consider various sets of weighted tilings of a $1 \times \infty$ board with squares and dominoes, and for each type of tiling they construct a generating function in two different ways, which generates a $q$-series identity. Using this method, they recover quite a few classical $q$-series identities, but Euler's Pentagonal Number Theorem is not among them. In this paper, we introduce a key parameter when constructing the generating fu…

关于欧拉变换与取整函数

On the Euler transform and the floor function

本文推导了由取整函数加权的广义二项式和的欧拉变换表达式，并通过例子重新发现已知恒等式、证明新恒等式，得到涉及调和数、中心二项式系数和黎曼 zeta 函数的新的闭式结果。

Basic and bibasic identities related to divisor functions

Using basic hypergeometric functions and partial fraction decomposition we give a new kind of generalization of identities due to Uchimura, Dilcher, Van Hamme, Prodinger, and Chen-Fu related to divisor functions. An identity relating Lambert series to Eulerian polynomials is also proved.

q-Hypergeometric proofs of polynomial analogues of the triple product identity, Lebesgue's identity and Euler's pentagonal number theorem

We present alternative, q-hypergeometric proofs of some polynomial analogues of classical q-series identities recently discovered by Alladi and Berkovich, and Berkovich and Garvan.

Combinatorial aspects of poly-Bernoulli polynomials and poly-Euler numbers

In this article, we introduce combinatorial models for poly-Bernoulli polynomials and poly-Euler numbers of both kinds. As their applications, we provide combinatorial proofs of some identities involving poly-Bernoulli polynomials.

与退化第二类 Stirling 数相关的组合恒等式

Combinatorial identities related to degenerate Stirling numbers of the second kind

本文研究退化第二类 Stirling 数的性质、恒等式、递推关系与显式表达式，并结合退化 Euler 公式探讨相关多项式和幂级数。

Two truncated identities of Gauss

Two new expansions for partial sums of Gauss' triangular and square numbers series are given. As a consequence, we derive a family of inequalities for the overpartition function $\bar{p}(n)$ and for the partition function $p_1(n)$ counting the partitions of $n$ with distinct odd parts. Some further inequalities for variations of partition function are proposed as conjectures.

Lehmer-Euler数的同余性质

Congruence properties of Lehmer-Euler numbers

本文研究Lehmer在1935年利用三次单位根定义的广义欧拉数，给出其同余性质、递推公式和显式公式，并构造新的多项式序列，得到与欧拉数及中心阶乘数相关的恒等式。

Combinatorial proofs of two Euler type identities due to Andrews

We prove combinatorially some identities related to Euler's partition identity (the number of partitions of $n$ into distinct parts equals the number of partitions of $n$ into odd parts). They were conjectured by Beck and proved by Andrews via generating functions. Let $a(n)$ be the number of partitions of $n$ such that the set of even parts has exactly one element, $b(n)$ be the difference between the number of parts in all odd partitions of $n$ and the number of parts in all distinct partitions of $n$, and $c(n)$ be the number of partitions of $n$ in which exactly one part is repeated. Then,…

On the number of parts in all partitions enumerated by the Rogers-Ramanujan identities

The celebrated Rogers-Ramanujan identities equate the number of integer partitions of $n$ ($n\in\mathbb N_0$) with parts congruent to $\pm 1 \pmod{5}$ (respectively $\pm 2 \pmod{5}$) and the number of partitions of $n$ with super-distinct parts (respectively super-distinct parts greater than $1$). In this paper, we establish companion identities to the Rogers-Ramanujan identities on the number of parts in all partitions of $n$ of the aforementioned types, in the spirit of earlier work by Andrews and Beck on a partition identity of Euler.

A new type of degenerate poly-Euler polynomials

Many mathematicians have been studying various degenerate versions of special polynomials and numbers in some arithmetic and combinatorial aspects. Our main focus here is a new type of degenerate poly-Euler polynomials and numbers. This focus stems from their nascent importance for applications in combinatorics, number theory and in other aspects of applied mathematics. we construct a new type of degenerate poly-Euler polynomials by using the degenerate polylogarithm functions. We also show several combinatorial identities related to this polynomials and numbers.

Some Generalized Harmonic Number Identities

Summation by parts is used to find the sum of a finite series of generalized harmonic numbers involving a specific polynomial or rational function. The Euler-Maclaurin formula for sums of powers is used to find the sums of some finite series of generalized harmonic numbers involving nonnegative integer powers, which can be used to evaluate the sums of the finite series of generalized harmonic numbers involving polynomials. Many examples and a computer program are provided.

Ramanujan's Identities and Representation of Integers by Certain Binary and Quaternary Quadratic Forms

We revisit old conjectures of Fermat and Euler regarding representation of integers by binary quadratic form x^2+5y^2. Making use of Ramanujan's_1ψ_1 summation formula we establish a new Lambert series identity for \sum_{n,m=-\infty}^{\infty} q^{n^2+5m^2}. Conjectures of Fermat and Euler are shown to follow easily from this new formula. But we don't stop there. Employing various formulas found in Ramanujan's notebooks and using a bit of ingenuity we obtaina collection of new Lambert series for certain infinite products associated with quadratic forms such as x^2+6y^2, 2x^2+3y^2, x^2+15y^2, 3x^…

Framed 4-Valent Graphs: Euler Tours, Gauss Circuits and Rotating Circuits

In the present paper we give an explicit formula which allows us immediately to describe a unique Gauss circuit on a framed 4-valent graph (a graph with a structure of opposite edges) from an arbitrary Euler tour on the graph whenever the Gauss circuit exists. This formula only depends on the adjacency matrix of an Euler tour and also tells us whether there exists a Gauss tour on a framed 4-valent graph or not. It turns out that the results are also valid for all symmetric matrices (not just realisable by a chord diagram).

A probabilistic approach to $q$-polynomial coefficients, Euler and Stirling numbers

It is known that Bernoulli scheme of independent trials with two outcomes is connected with the binomial coefficients. The aim of this paper is to indicate stochastic processes which are connected with the $q$-polynomial coefficients (in particular, with the $q$-binomial coefficients, or the Gaussian polynomials), Stirling numbers of the first and the second kind, and Euler numbers in a natural way. A probabilistic approach allows us to give very simple proofs of some identities for these coefficients.