We construct a minimal topological action $\wp$ of a non-amenable group on a Cantor set $C$, which is non-uniquely ergodic and furthermore there exist ergodic invariant measures $μ_1$ and $μ_2$ such that $(\wp,C,μ_1)$ and $(\wp,C,μ_2)$ are not orbit equivalent measurable equivalence relations.
Ergodic homeomorphisms $T$ and $S$ of Polish probability spaces $X$ and $Y$ are evenly Kakutani equivalent if there is an orbit equivalence $ϕ: X_0 \rightarrow Y_0$ between full measure subsets of $X$ and $Y$ such that, for some $A \subset X_0$ of positive measure, $ϕ$ restricts to a measurable isomorphism of the induced systems $T_A$ and $S_{ϕ(A)}$. The study of even Kakutani equivalence dates back to the seventies, and it is well known that any two zero-entropy loosely Bernoulli systems are evenly Kakutani equivalent. But even Kakutani equivalence is a purely measurable relation, while syste…
The $f$-invariant is a notion of entropy for probability-measure-preserving actions of free groups. We show it is invariant under bounded orbit-equivalence.
It is proven that the orbit-equivalence class of any essentially free probability-measure-preserving action of a free group $G$ is weakly dense in the space of actions of $G$.
In this paper we study topological rigidity of affine actions on compact connected metrizable abelian groups. We also classify one-parameter flows of translations upto orbit equivalence and discrete group actions by translations upto topological conjugacy.
We show that every minimal action of any finitely generated abelian group on the Cantor set is (topologically) orbit equivalent to an AF relation. As a consequence, this extends the classification up to orbit equivalence of minimal dynamical systems on the Cantor set to include AF relations and Z^d-actions.
We give a new proof of a theorem of Giordano, Putnam and Skau characterizing orbit equivalence of minimal homeomorphisms of the Cantor space in terms of their sets of invariant Borel probability measures. The proof is based on a strengtehning of a theorem of Krieger concerning minimal actions of certain locally finite groups of homeomorphisms, and we also give a new proof of the Giordano--Putnam--Skau characterization of orbit equivalence for these actions.
We show that every uniquely ergodic minimal Cantor system is topological orbit equivalent to the natural extension of a numeration scale associated to a logistic map.
Free Borel $\mathbb{R}^{d}$-flows are smoothly equivalent if there is a Borel bijection between the phase spaces that maps orbits onto orbits and is a $C^{\infty}$-smooth orientation preserving diffeomorphism between orbits. We show that all free non-tame Borel $\mathbb{R}^{d}$-flows are smoothly equivalent in every dimension $d \ge 2$. This answers a question of B. Miller and C. Rosendal.
We show that if a countable group $G$ is the free product of infinite abelian groups, then for every free, probability-measure-preserving (p.m.p.) action of $G$, its orbit equivalence class is weakly dense in the space of p.m.p. actions of $G$. This extends Lewis Bowen's result for free groups.
Almost forty years ago, Connes, Feldman and Weiss proved that for measurable equivalence relations the notions of amenability and hyperfiniteness coincide. In this paper we define the uniform version of amenability and hyperfiniteness for measurable graphed equivalence relations of bounded vertex degrees and prove that these two notions coincide as well. Roughly speaking, a measured graph $\cG$ is uniformly hyperfinite if for any $\eps>0$ there exists $K\geq 1$ such that not only $\cG$, but all of its subgraphs of positive measure are $(\eps,K)$-hyperfinite. We also show that this condition is…
To any continuous eigenvalue of a Cantor minimal system $(X,\,T)$, we associate an element of the dimension group $K^0(X,\,T)$ associated to $(X,\,T)$. We introduce and study the concept of irrational miscibility of a dimension group. The main property of these dimension groups is the absence of irrational values in the additive group of continuous spectrum of their realizations by Cantor minimal systems. The strong orbit equivalence (respectively orbit equivalence) class of a Cantor minimal system associated to an irrationally miscible dimension group $(G,\,u)$ (resp. with trivial infinitesim…
Quasi-invariant measures for non-discrete groups of diffeomorphisms containing a Morse-Smale dynamics are studied. The assumption concerning the presence of a Morse-Smale dynamics allows us to extend to higher dimensions a number of recently established results for non-discrete groups acting on the circle. These results are also applied to show that, for many groups as above, every continuous orbit equivalence must coincide almost everywhere with a diffeomorphism of the corresponding manifold.
We study homeomorphisms of tiling spaces with finite local complexity (FLC), of which suspensions of $d$-dimensional subshifts are an example, and orbit equivalence of tiling spaces with (possibly) infinite local complexity (ILC). In the FLC case, we construct a cohomological invariant of homeomorphisms, and show that all homeomorphisms are a combination of tiling deformations, translations, and local equivalences (MLD). In the ILC case, we construct a cohomological invariant in the so-called weak cohomology, and show that all orbit equivalences are combinations of tiling deformations, transla…
In this work, we study minimal equicontinuous actions which are locally quasi-analytic. The first main result shows that for minimal equicontinuous actions which are locally quasi-analytic, continuous orbit equivalence of the actions implies return equivalence. This generalizes results of Cortez and Medynets, and of Li. The second main result is that if G is a finitely-generated, virtually nilpotent group, then every minimal equicontinuous action by G is locally quasi-analytic. As an application, we show that the homeomorphism type of a nil-solenoid is determined by the virtual topological ful…
This paper is concerned about the orbit equivalence types of $C^\infty$ diffeomorphisms of $S^1$ seen as nonsingular automorphisms of $(S^1,m)$, where $m$ is the Lebesgue measure. Given any Liouville number $α$, it is shown that each of the subspace formed by type ${\rm II}_1$, ${\rm II}_\infty$, ${\rm III}_λ$ ($λ>1$), ${\rm III}_\infty$ and ${\rm III}_0$ diffeomorphisms are $C^\infty$-dense in the space of the orientation preserving $C^\infty$ diffeomorphisms with rotation number $α$.
In this article, we give a quasi-final classification of quasiconformal Anosov flows. We deduce a very interesting differentable rigidity result for the orbit foliations of hyperbolic manifold of dimension at least three.
Drimbe and Vaes proved an orbit equivalence superrigidity theorem for left-right wreath product actions in the measurable setting. We establish the counterpart result in the topological setting for continuous orbit equivalence. This gives us minimal, topologically free actions that are continuous orbit equivalence superrigid. One main ingredient for the proof is to show continuous cocycle superrigidity for certain generalized full shifts, extending our previous result with Chung.
In this note we consider dynamical systems $(X,G)$ on a Cantor set $X$ satisfying some mild technical conditions. The considered class includes, in particular, minimal and transitive aperiodic systems. We prove that two such systems $(X_1,G_1)$ and $(X_2,G_2)$ are orbit equivalent if and only if their full groups are isomorphic as abstract groups. This result is a topological version of the well-known Dye's theorem established originally for ergodic measure-preserving actions.
Since the work of Ornstein and Weiss in 1987 (J. Analyse Math. 48 (1987)) it has been understood that the natural category for classical ergodic theory would be probability measure preserving actions of discrete amenable groups. A conclusion of this work is that all such actions on nonatomic Lebesgue probability spaces were orbit equivalent. From this foundation two broad developements have been built. First, a full generalization of the various equivalence theories, including Ornstein's isomorphism theorem itself, exists. Second, one can use the characterization of discrete amenable actions a…
This article reviews a generous sampling of both classical and more recent results on the interplay between measurable and topological dynamics. In the first part we have surveyed the strong analogies between ergodic theory and topological dynamics as shown in the treatment of recurrence phenomena, equicontinuity and weak mixing, distality and entropy. The prototypical result of the second part is the statement that any abstract measure probability preserving system can be represented as a continuous transformation of a compact space, and thus in some sense ergodic theory embeds into topologic…
We give conditions on the subgroups of the circle to be realized as the subgroups of eigenvalues of minimal Cantor systems belonging to a determined strong orbit equivalence class. Actually, the additive group of continuous eigenvalues E(X,T) of the minimal Cantor system (X,T) is a subgroup of the intersection I(X,T) of all the images of the dimension group by its traces. We show, whenever the infinitesimal subgroup of the dimension group associated to (X,T) is trivial, the quotient group I(X,T)/E(X,T) is torsion free. We give examples with non trivial infinitesimal subgroups where this proper…
We show that for every metrizable Choquet simplex $K$ and for every group $G$, which is infinite, countable, amenable and residually finite, there exists a Toeplitz $G$-subshift whose set of shift-invariant probability measures is affine homeomorphic to $K$. Furthermore, we get that for every integer $d\geq 1$ and every Toeplitz flow $(X,T)$, there exists a Toeplitz ${\mathbb Z}^d$-subshift which is topologically orbit equivalent to $(X,T)$.
Explicit construction of orbit equivalence for rank-one actions
Nicolaus Copernicus University(尼古拉·哥白尼大学);B. Verkin Institute for Low Temperature Physics and Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine(乌克兰国家科学院 B.维尔金低温物理与工程研究所);Imperial College London(伦敦帝国学院)
Bounded orbit injection equivalence is an equivalence relation defined on minimal free Cantor systems which is a candidate to generalize flip Kakutani equivalence to actions of the Abelian free groups on more than one generator. This paper characterizes bounded orbit injection equivalence in terms of a mild strengthening of Rieffel-Morita equivalence of the associated C*-crossed-product algebras. Moreover, we construct an ordered group which is an invariant for bounded orbit injection equivalence, and does not agrees with the K\_0 group of the associated C*-crossed-product in general. This new…
We prove that if two free p.m.p. $\mathbb{Z}$-actions are Shannon orbit equivalent then they have the same entropy. The argument also applies more generally to yield the same conclusion for free p.m.p. actions of finitely generated virtually Abelian groups. Together with the isomorphism theorems of Ornstein and Ornstein-Weiss and the entropy invariance results of Austin and Kerr-Li in the non-virtually-cyclic setting, this shows that two Bernoulli actions of any non-locally-finite countably infinite amenable group are Shannon orbit equivalent if and only if they are measure conjugate. We also …
We will study torus actions on Cuntz--Krieger algebras trivially acting on its canonical maximal abelian $C^*$-subalgebras from the view points of continuous orbit equivalence of one-sided topological Markov shifts and flow equivalence of two-sided topological Markov shifts.
The main result of the paper is classification of free multidimensional Borel flows up to Lebesgue Orbit Equivalence, by which we understand an orbit equivalence that preserves the Lebesgue measure on each orbit. Two non smooth Euclidean flows are shown to be Lebesgue Orbit Equivalence if and only if they admit the same number of invariant ergodic probability measures.
We show that within any strong orbit equivalent class, there exist minimal subshifts with arbitrarily low superlinear complexity. This is done by proving that for any simple dimension group with unit $(G,G^+,u)$ and any sequence of positive numbers $(p_n)_{n\in\mathbb{N}}$ such that $\lim n/p_n=0$, there exist a minimal subshift whose dimension group is order isomorphic to $(G,G^+,u)$ and whose complexity function grows slower than $p_n$. As a consequence, we get that any Choquet simplex can be realized as the set of invariant measures of a minimal Toeplitz subshift whose complexity grows slow…
In this paper, we consider semigroup actions of discrete countable semigroups on compact spaces by surjective local homeomorphisms. We introduce notions of continuous one-sided orbit equivalence and continuous orbit equivalence for semigroup actions, and characterize them in terms of the corresponding semi-groupoids and transformation groupoids respectively. Finally, we consider the case of semigroup actions by homeomorphisms and relate continuous orbit equivalence of semigroup actions to that of group actions.
It is shown that every accessible group which is integrable orbit equivalent to a free group is virtually free. Moreover, we also show that any integrable orbit-equivalence between finitely generated groups extends to their end compactifications.
We prove that any divisible dynamical simplex is the set of invariant measures of some Toeplitz subshift. We apply our construction to prove that orbit equivalence of Toeplitz subshifts is Borel bireducible to the universal equivalence relation induced by a Borel action of a nonarchimedean Polish group.
We prove an analog for integrable measurable cocycles of Pansu's differentiation theorem for Lipschitz maps between Carnot-Carathéodory spaces. This yields an alternative, ergodic theoretic proof of Pansu's quasi-isometric rigidity theorem for nilpotent groups, answers a question of Tim Austin regarding integrable measure equivalence between nilpotent groups, and gives an independent proof and strengthening of Austin's result that integrable measure equivalent nilpotent groups have bi-Lipschitz asymptotic cones. Our main tools are a nilpotent-valued cocycle ergodic theorem and a Poincaré recur…
We will study several subgroups of continuous full groups of one-sided topological Markov shifts from the view points of cohomology groups of full group actions on the shift spaces. We also study continuous orbit equivalence and strongly continuous orbit equivalence in terms of these subgroups of the continuous full groups and the cohomology groups.
Let $G$ and $H$ be infinite finitely generated amenable groups. This paper studies two notions of equivalence between actions of such groups on standard Borel probability spaces. They are defined as stable orbit equivalences in which the associated cocycles satisfy certain tail bounds. In `integrable stable orbit equivalence', the length in $H$ of the cocycle-image of an element of $G$ must have finite integral over its domain (a subset of the $G$-system), and similarly for the reverse cocycle. In `bounded stable orbit equivalence', these functions must be essentially bounded in terms of the l…
Given an ergodic probability measure preserving dynamical system $\G\acts (X,μ)$, where $\G$ is a finitely generated countable group, we show that the asymptotic growth of the number of finite models for the dynamics, in the sense of sofic approximations, is an invariant of orbit equivalence. We then prove an additivity formula for free products with amenable (possibly trivial) amalgamation. In particular, we obtain purely combinatorial proofs of several results in orbit equivalence theory.
We show that every minimal, free action of the group Z^2 on the Cantor set is orbit equivalent to an AF-relation. As a consequence, this extends the classification of minimal systems on the Cantor set up to orbit equivalence to include AF-relations, Z-actions and Z^2-actions.
We introduce a new equivalence relation on the set of all polygonal billiards. We say that two billiards (or polygons) are order equivalent if each of the billiards has an orbit whose footpoints are dense in the boundary and the two sequences of footpoints of these orbits have the same combinatorial order. We study this equivalence relation with additional regularity conditions on the orbit.
We take the first steps towards a better understanding of continuous orbit equivalence, i.e., topological orbit equivalence with continuous cocycles. First, we characterise continuous orbit equivalence in terms of isomorphisms of C*-crossed products preserving Cartan subalgebras. This is the topological analogue of the classical result by Singer and Feldman-Moore in the measurable setting. Secondly, we turn to continuous orbit equivalence rigidity, i.e., the question whether for certain classes of topological dynamical systems, continuous orbit equivalence implies conjugacy. We show that this …
By the work of Brodzki-Niblo-Nowak-Wright and Monod, topological amenability of a continuous group action can be characterized using uniformly finite homology groups or bounded cohomology groups associated to this action. We show that (certain variations of) these groups are invariants for topologically free actions under continuous orbit equivalence.
Let $X$ and $Y$ be Polish spaces with non-atomic Borel measures $μ$ and $ν$ of full support. Suppose that $T$ and $S$ are ergodic non-singular homeomorphisms of $(X,μ)$ and $(Y,ν)$ with continuous Radon-Nikodym derivatives. Suppose that either they are both of type $III_1$ or that they are both of type $III_λ$, $0<λ<1$ and, in the $III_λ$ case, suppose in addition that both `topological asymptotic ranges' (defined in the article) are $\logλ\cdot\Bbb Z$. Then there exist invariant dense $G_δ$-subsets $X'\subset X$ and $Y'\subset Y$ of full measure and a non-singular homeomorphism $ϕ: X' \to Y'$…
In this paper we introduce the notion of orbit equivalence for semigroup actions and the concept of generalized linear control system on smooth manifold. The main goal is to prove that, under certain conditions, the semigroup system of a generalized linear control system on a smooth manifold is orbit equivalent to the semigroup system of a linear control system on a homogeneous space.
We show that a self orbit equivalence of a transitive Anosov flow on a $3$-manifold which is homotopic to identity has to either preserve every orbit or the Anosov flow is $\mathbb{R}$-covered and the orbit equivalence has to be of a specific type. This result shows that one can remove a relatively unnatural assumption in a result of Farrell and Gogolev about the topological rigidity of bundles supporting a fiberwise Anosov flow when the fiber is $3$-dimensional.
Let R a be countable ergodic equivalence relation of type II_1 on a standard probability space (X,m). The group Out(R) of outer automorphisms of R consists of all invertible Borel measure preserving maps of the space which map R-classes to R-classes modulo those which preserve almost every R-class. We analyze the group Out(R) for relations R generated by actions of higher rank lattices, providing general conditions on finiteness and triviality of Out(R) and explicitly computing this group for the standard actions. The method is based on Zimmer's superrigidity for measurable cocycles, Ratner's …
We extend ultragraph shift spaces and the realization of ultragraph C*-algebras as partial crossed products to include ultragraphs with sinks (under a mild condition, called (RFUM2), which allow us to dismiss the use of filters) and we describe the associated transformation groupoid. Using these characterizations we study continuous orbit equivalence of ultragraph shift spaces (via groupoids) and KMS and ground states (via partial crossed products).
We study KMS states for gauge actions with potential functions on Cuntz--Krieger algebras whose underlying one-sided topological Markov shifts are continuous orbit equivalent. As a result, we have a certain relationship between topological entropy of continuous orbit equivalent one-sided topological Markov shifts.
To an ergodic, essentially free and measure-preserving action of a non-amenable Baumslag-Solitar group on a standard probability space, a flow is associated. The isomorphism class of the flow is shown to be an invariant of such actions of Baumslag-Solitar groups under weak orbit equivalence. Results on groups which are measure equivalent to Baumslag-Solitar groups are also provided.
We study asymptotic continuous orbit equivalence of Smale spaces. We prove that two irreducible Smale spaces are flip conjugate if and only if there exists a periodic point preserving homeomorphism giving an asymptotic continuous orbit equivalence between them. We introduce a notion of asymptotic topological conjugacy and asymptotic flip conjugacy in Smale spaces and characterize them in terms of the associated Ruelle algebras with dual actioons. We finally characterize the flip conjugacy classes of irreducible two-sided topological Markov shifts in terms of the associated Ruelle algebras with…
Previous work showed that every pair of nontrivial Bernoulli shifts over a fixed free group are orbit equivalent. In this paper, we prove that if $G_1,G_2$ are nonabelian free groups of finite rank then every nontrivial Bernoulli shift over $G_1$ is stably orbit equivalent to every nontrivial Bernoulli shift over $G_2$. This answers a question of S. Popa.