This article focuses on $L^p$ estimates for objects associated to elliptic operators in divergence form: its semigroup, the gradient of the semigroup, functional calculus, square functions and Riesz transforms. We introduce four critical numbers associated to the semigroup and its gradient that completely rule the ranges of exponents for the $L^p$ estimates. It appears that the case $p<2$ already treated earlier is radically different from the case $p>2$ which is new. We thus recover in a unified and coherent way many $L^p$ estimates and give further applications. The key tools from harmonic analysis are two criteria for $L^p$ boundedness, one for $p<2$ and the other for $p>2$ but in ranges different from the usual intervals $(1,2)$ and $(2,\infty)$.
For any fixed $p>2$, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the boundedness of the Riesz transforms associated with second order elliptic operators with real, symmetric, bounded measurable coefficients.
Let $L$ be a homogeneous divergence form higher order elliptic operator with complex bounded measurable coefficients on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $X$ a ball quasi-Banach function space on $\mathbb{R}^n$ satisfying some mild assumptions. Denote by $H_{X,\, L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ the Hardy space, associated with both $L$ and $X$, which is defined via the Lusin area function related to the semigroup generated by $L$. In this article, the authors establish both the maximal function and the Riesz transform characterizations of $H_{X,\, L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. The results obtained in this article have a wide range o…
We solve time-harmonic Maxwell's equations in anisotropic, spatially homogeneous media in intersections of $L^p$-spaces. The material laws are time-independent. The analysis requires Fourier restriction-extension estimates for perturbations of Fresnel's wave surface. This surface can be decomposed into finitely many components of the following three types: smooth surfaces with non-vanishing Gaussian curvature, smooth surfaces with Gaussian curvature vanishing along one-dimensional submanifolds, but without flat points, and surfaces with conical singularities. Our estimates are based on new Boc…
Let $w$ be a Muckenhoupt $A_2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ weight and $L_w:=-w^{-1}\mathop\mathrm{div}(A\nabla)$ the degenerate elliptic operator on the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$. In this article, the authors establish the Riesz transform characterization of the Hardy space $H_{L_w}^p(\mathbb{R}^n)$ associated with $L_w$, for $w\in A_{q}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ and $w^{-1}\in A_{2-\frac{2}{n}}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ with $n\geq 3$, $q\in[1,2]$ and $p\in(q(\frac{1}{r}+\frac{q-1}{2}+\frac{1}{n})^{-1},1]$ if, for some $r\in[1,\,2)$, $\{tL_w e^{-tL_w}\}_{t\geq 0}$ satisfies the weighted $L^r-L^2$ full off-diagonal estimate…
In this paper using the well known asymptotic relations between Jacobi polynomials and Hermite and Laguerre polynomials. We develop a transference method to obtain the $L^p$-continuity of the Gaussian-Riesz transform and the $L^p$-continuity of the Laguerre-Riesz transform from the $L^p$-continuity of the Jacobi-Riesz transform, in dimension one.
Weak type $(1,1)$ estimates for Riesz transforms of elliptic operators and magnetic Schrödinger operators
Institut de Mathématiques de Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux, UMR CNRS 5251（波尔多数学研究所，波尔多大学）；International Research Laboratory FAMSI, CNRS-ANU（FAMSI国际研究实验室，法国国家科学研究中心-澳大利亚国立大学）
We study the boundedness of Riesz transforms in $L^p$ for $p>2$ on a doubling metric measure space endowed with a gradient operator and an injective, $ω$-accretive operator $L$ satisfying Davies-Gaffney estimates. If $L$ is non-negative self-adjoint, we show that under a reverse Hölder inequality, the Riesz transform is always bounded on $L^p$ for $p$ in some interval $[2,2+\varepsilon)$, and that $L^p$ gradient estimates for the semigroup imply boundedness of the Riesz transform in $L^q$ for $q \in [2,p)$. This improves results of \cite{ACDH} and \cite{AC}, where the stronger assumption of a …
In this paper we establish $L^p$-boundedness properties for variation, oscillation and jump operators associated with Riesz transforms and Poisson semigroups related to Laguerre polynomial expansions.
In this paper, we introduce a discrete Riesz transforms associated with the non-symmetric trigonometric Heckman-Opdam polynomials of type $A_1$. We prove that they can be extended to a bounded operators on $\ell^p(\mathbb{Z})$, $1<p<\infty$.
We prove that directional wavelet projections and Riesz transforms are related by interpolatory estimates. The exponents of interpolation depend on the Hölder estimates of the wavelet system. This paper complements and continues previous work on Haar projections.
On a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold $M$, we prove that a so-called quasi Riesz transform is always $L^p$ bounded for $1<p\leq 2$. If $M$ satisfies the doubling volume property and the sub-Gaussian heat kernel estimate, we prove that the quasi Riesz transform is also of weak type $(1,1)$.
In this paper we study higher order Riesz transforms associated with the inverse Gaussian measure given by $π^{n/2}e^{|x|^2}dx$ on $\mathbb{R}^n$. We establish $L^p(\mathbb{R}^n,e^{|x|^2}dx)$-boundedness properties and obtain representations as principal values singular integrals for the higher order Riesz transforms. New characterizations of the Banach spaces having the UMD property by means of the Riesz transforms and imaginary powers of the operator involved in the inverse Gaussian setting are given.
Following a recent paper by X. Tolsa and A. Ruiz de Villa [Non existence of principal values of signed Riesz transforms of non integer dimension, preprint], we show that the finiteness of square function associated with the Riesz transforms with respect to Hausdorff measure $H^s$ implies that $s$ is integer.
In this paper we show weighted estimates in mixed norm spaces for the Riesz transform associated with the harmonic oscillator in spherical coordinates. In order to prove the result we need a weighted inequality for a vector-valued extension of the Riesz transform related to the Laguerre expansions which is of independent interest. The main tools to obtain such extension are a weighted inequality for the Riesz transform independent of the order of the involved Laguerre functions and an appropriate adaptation of Rubio de Francia's extrapolation theorem.
Analogous of Riesz potentials and Riesz transforms are defined and studied for the Dunkl transform associated with a family of weighted functions that are invariant under a reflection group. The $L^p$ boundedness of these operators is established in certain cases.
Let $R_j$ denote the $j^{\text{th}}$ Riesz transform on $\mathbb{R}^n$. We prove that there exists an absolute constant $C>0$ such that \begin{align*} |\{|R_jf|>λ\}|\leq C\left(\frac{1}λ\|f\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)}+\sup_ν |\{|R_jν|>λ\}|\right) \end{align*} for any $λ>0$ and $f \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$, where the above supremum is taken over measures of the form $ν=\sum_{k=1}^Na_kδ_{c_k}$ for $N \in \mathbb{N}$, $c_k \in \mathbb{R}^n$, and $a_k \in \mathbb{R}^+$ with $\sum_{k=1}^N a_k \leq 16\|f\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)}$. This shows that to establish dimensional estimates for the weak-type $(1,1)$ ineq…
Via chirp functions from fractional Fourier transforms, the authors introduce fractional Riesz potentials related to chirp functions, establish their relations with fractional Fourier transforms, fractional Laplace operators related to chirp functions, and fractional Riesz transforms related to chirp functions, and obtain their boundedness on rotation invariant spaces related to chirp functions. Finally, the authors give the numerical image simulation of fractional Riesz potentials related to chirp functions and their applications in image processing. The main novelty of this article is to pro…
The paper concerns the magnetic Schrödinger operator on $R^n$. Under certain conditions, given in terms of the reverse Hölder inequality on the magnetic field and the electric potential, we prove some $L^p$ estimates on the Riesz transforms and we establish some related maximal inequalities.
The paper concerns the magnetic Schrödinger operator on $R^n$. We prove some $L^p$ estimates on the Riesz transforms and we establish some related maximal inequalities. The conditions that we arrive at, are essentially based on the control of the magnetic field by the electric potential.
In this paper, the mean value formula depends on the Bessel generalized shift operator corresponding to the solutions of the boundary value problem related to the Bessel operator are studied. In addition to, Riesz Bessel transforms related to the Bessel operators are studied. Since Bessel generalized shift operator is translation operator corresponding to the Bessel operator, we construct a family of RBxj by using Bessel generalized shift operator. Finally, we analysis weighted inequalities involving Riesz Bessel transforms .
W prove a dimension-free estimate for the $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ norm of the maximal truncated Riesz transform in terms of the $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$ norm of the Riesz transform. Consequently, the vector of maximal truncated Riesz transforms has a dimension-free estimate on $L^2(\mathbb{R}^d)$. We also show that the maximal function of the vector of truncated Riesz transforms has a dimension-free estimate on all $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d)$ spaces, $1<p<\infty.$
A measure $μ$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$ is called reflectionless for the $s$-Riesz transform if the singular integral $R^sμ(x)=\int \frac{y-x}{|y-x|^{s+1}}\,dμ(y)$ is constant on the support of $μ$ in some weak sense and, moreover, the operator defined by $R^s_μ(f)=R^s(f\,μ)$ is bounded in $L^2(μ)$. In this paper we show that the only reflectionless measure for the $s$-Riesz transform is the zero measure when $0<s<1$.
In this paper we obtain precise estimates for the $L^2$ norm of the $s$-dimensional Riesz transforms on very general measures supported on Cantor sets in $\mathbb R^d$, with $d-1<s<d$. From these estimates we infer that, for the so called uniformly disconnected compact sets, the capacity $γ_s$ associated with the Riesz kernel $x/|x|^{s+1}$ is comparable to the capacity $\dot{C}_{\frac{2}{3}(d-s),\frac{3}{2}}$ from non-linear potential theory.
We derive bilateral estimates for the constants appearing in the Fourier transform restricted theorems on the Euclidean sphere for the ordinary and especially radial functions belonging to the Lebesgue-Riesz spaces as well as belonging to the Grand Lebesgue Spaces. We obtain an exact estimate for the norm of the restriction Fourier transform operator acting on the radial functions.
In this paper we prove that, given s> 0, if E is a subset of R^m with positive and bounded s-dimensional Hausdorff measure H^s and the principal values of the s-dimensional signed Riesz transform of H^s|E exist H^s-almost everywhere in E, then s is integer. Other more general variants of this result are also proven.
We prove that if $μ$ is a d-dimensional Ahlfors-David regular measure in $\R^{d+1}$, then the boundedness of the $d$-dimensional Riesz transform in $L^2(μ)$ implies that the non-BAUP David-Semmes cells form a Carleson family. Combined with earlier results of David and Semmes, this yields the uniform rectifiability of $μ$.
We study commutators with the Riesz transforms on the Heisenberg group. The Schatten norm of these commutators is characterized in terms of Besov norms of the symbol. This generalizes the classical Euclidean results of Peller, Janson--Wolff and Rochberg--Semmes. The method of proof extends the earlier methods, allowing us to address not just the Riesz transforms, but also the Cauchy--Szego projection and second order Riesz transforms on the Heisenberg group, among other settings.
Given a sequence of complete Riemannian manifolds $(M_n)$ of the same dimension, we construct a complete Riemannian manifold $M$ such that for all $p \in (1,\infty)$ the $L^p$-norm of the Riesz transform on $M$ dominates the $L^p$-norm of the Riesz transform on $M_n$ for all $n$. Thus we establish the following dichotomy: given $p$ and $d$, either there is a uniform $L^p$ bound on the Riesz transform over all complete $d$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, or there exists a complete Riemannian manifold with Riesz transform unbounded on $L^p$.
In this paper we prove mixed norm estimates for Riesz transforms related to Laplace--Beltrami operators on compact Riemannian symmetric spaces of rank one. These operators are closely related to the Riesz transforms for Jacobi polynomials expansions. The key point is to obtain sharp estimates for the kernel of the Jacobi--Riesz transforms with uniform control on the parameters, together with an adaptation of Rubio de Francia's extrapolation theorem. The latter results are of independent interest.
In this paper we study the $s$-dimensional Riesz transform of a finite measure $μ$ in $\mathbf{R}^d$, with $s\in (d-1,d)$. We show that the boundedness of the Riesz transform of $μ$ implies that a nonlinear potential of exponential type is finite $μ$-almost everywhere. It appears to be the first result of this type for $s>1$.
In this paper, we will give some results on the support of Dunkl translations on compactly supported functions. Then we will define Dunkl-type $BMO$ space and Riesz transforms for Dunkl transform on $L^\infty$, and prove the boundedness of Riesz transforms from $L^\infty$ to Dunkl-type $BMO$ space under the uniform boundedness assumption of Dunkl translations. The proof and the definition in Dunkl setting will be harder than in the classical case for the lack of some similar properties of Dunkl translations to that of classical translations. We will also extend the preciseness of the descripti…
We study the $L^p$ boundedness of Riesz transform as well as the reverse inequality on Riemannian manifolds and graphs under the volume doubling property and a sub-Gaussian heat kernel upper bound. We prove that the Riesz transform is then bounded on $L^p$ for $1 \textless{} p \textless{} 2$, which shows that Gaussian estimates of the heat kernel are not a necessary condition for this.In the particular case of Vicsek manifolds and graphs, we show that the reverse inequality does not hold for $1 \textless{} p \textless{} 2$. This yields a full picture of the ranges of $p\in (1,+\infty)$ for whi…
We construct a large class of Riemannian manifolds of arbitrary dimension with Riesz transform unbounded on $L^p(M)$ for all $p > 2$. This extends recent results for Vicsek manifolds, and in particular shows that fractal structure is not necessary for this property.
Let $E\subset R^d$ with $H^n(E)<\infty$, where H^n stands for the $n$-dimensional Hausdorff measure. In this paper we prove that E is n-rectifiable if and only if the limit $$\lim_{\ve\to0}\int_{y\in E:|x-y|>\ve} \frac{x-y}{|x-y|^{n+1}} dH^n(y)$$ exists H^n-almost everywhere in E. To prove this result we obtain precise estimates from above and from below for the $L^2$ norm of the n-dimensional Riesz transforms on Lipschitz graphs.
Let $φ$ be a Musielak-Orlicz function satisfying that, for any $(x,\,t)\in\mathbb{R}^n\times(0,\,\infty)$, $φ(\cdot,\,t)$ belongs to the Muckenhoupt weight class $A_\infty (\mathbb{R}^n)$ with the critical weight exponent $q(φ)\in[1,\,\infty)$ and $φ(x,\,\cdot)$ is an Orlicz function with $0<i(φ)\le I(φ)\le 1$ which are, respectively, its critical lower type and upper type. In this article, the authors establish the Riesz transform characterizations of the Musielak-Orlicz-Hardy spaces $H_φ(\mathbb{R}^n)$ which are generalizations of weighted Hardy spaces and Orlicz-Hardy spaces. Precisely, the…
We estimate in Lp the maximal Riesz transform in terms of the Riesz transform itself for p greater than 1. In the limiting case p=1 the weak L1 inequality is shown to fail. Surprisingly, the weak L1 inequality for the maximal Beurling transform in terms of the Beurling transform does hold.
In this paper we investigate Lp-boundedness properties for the higher order Riesz transforms associated with Laguerre operators. Also we prove that the k-th Riesz transform is a principal value singular integral operator (modulus a constant times of the function when k is even). To establish our results we exploit a new identity connecting Riesz transforms in the Hermite and Laguerre settings.
Fix $λ>0$. Consider the Bessel operator $\triangle_λ:=-\frac{d^2}{dx^2}-\frac{2λ}{x} \frac d{dx}$ on $\mathbb{R_+}$, where $\mathbb{R_+}:=(0,\infty)$ and $dm_λ:=x^{2λ}dx$ with $dx$ the Lebesgue measure. We provide a deeper study of the Bessel Riesz transform and fractional integral operator via the related Besov and Triebel--Lizorkin spaces associated with $\triangle_λ$. Moreover, we investigate some possible characterization of the commutator of fractional integral operator, which was missing in the literature of the Bessel setting.
We show various $L^p$ estimates for Schrödinger operators $-Δ+V$ on $\RR^n$ and their square roots. We assume reverse Hölder estimates on the potential, and improve some results of Shen \cite{Sh1}. Our main tools are improved Fefferman-Phong inequalities and reverse Hölder estimates for weak solutions of $-Δ+V$ and their gradients.
Fix $d\geq 2$, and $s\in (d-1,d)$. We characterize the non-negative locally finite non-atomic Borel measures $μ$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for which the associated $s$-Riesz transform is bounded in $L^2(μ)$ in terms of the Wolff energy. This extends the range of $s$ in which the Mateu-Prat-Verdera characterization of measures with bounded $s$-Riesz transform is known. As an application, we give a metric characterization of the removable sets for locally Lipschitz continuous solutions of the fractional Laplacian operator $(-Δ)^{α/2}$, $α\in (1,2)$, in terms of a well-known capacity from non-linear pote…
We give a simple proof of L^p boundedness of iterated commutators of Riesz transforms and a product BMO function. We use a representation of the Riesz transforms by means of simple dyadic operators - dyadic shifts - which in turn reduces the estimate quickly to paraproduct estimates.
We prove that the operator norm on weighted Lebesgue space L2(w) of the commutators of the Hilbert, Riesz and Beurling transforms with a BMO function b depends quadratically on the A2-characteristic of the weight, as opposed to the linear dependence known to hold for the operators themselves. It is known that the operator norms of these commutators can be controlled by the norm of the commutator with appropriate Haar shift operators, and we prove the estimate for these commutators. For the shift operator corresponding to the Hilbert transform we use Bellman function methods, however there is n…
In the present paper, we establish that Riesz transforms for Dunkl Hermite expansion as introduced in [4] are singular integral operators with Hörmander's type conditions and we show that are bounded on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d; dμ_k) 1 < p < 1.
We study several problems related to the $\ell^p$ boundedness of Riesz transforms for graphs endowed with so-called bounded Laplacians. Introducing a proper notion of gradient of functions on edges, we prove for $p\in(1,2]$ an $\ell^p$ estimate for the gradient of the continuous time heat semigroup, an $\ell^p$ interpolation inequality as well as the $\ell^p$ boundedness of the modified Littlewood-Paley-Stein functions for all graphs with bounded Laplacians. This yields an analogue to Dungey's results in [Dungey08] while removing some additional assumptions. Coming back to the classical notion…
Let $p(\cdot):\ \mathbb R^n\to(0,\infty)$ be a variable exponent function satisfying that there exists a constant $p_0\in(0,p_-)$, where $p_-:=\mathop{\mathrm {ess\,inf}}_{x\in \mathbb R^n}p(x)$, such that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator is bounded on the variable exponent Lebesgue space $L^{p(\cdot)/p_0}(\mathbb R^n)$. In this article, via investigating relations between boundary valued of harmonic functions on the upper half space and elements of variable exponent Hardy spaces $H^{p(\cdot)}(\mathbb R^n)$ introduced by E. Nakai and Y. Sawano and, independently, by D. Cruz-Uribe and L.-A…
We show that, given a set $E\subset \mathbb R^{n+1}$ with finite $n$-Hausdorff measure $H^n$, if the $n$-dimensional Riesz transform $$R_{H^n|E} f(x) = \int_{E} \frac{x-y}{|x-y|^{n+1}} f(y) dH^n(y)$$ is bounded in $L^2(H^n|E)$, then $E$ is $n$-rectifiable. From this result we deduce that a compact set $E\subset\mathbb R^{n+1}$ with $H^n(E)<\infty$ is removable for Lipschitz harmonic functions if and only if it is purely $n$-unrectifiable, thus proving the analog of Vitushkin's conjecture in higher dimensions.
Let $M$ be a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold. In this paper, we derive sufficient conditions on metric perturbation for stability of $L^p$-boundedness of the Riesz transform, $p\in (2,\infty)$. We also provide counter-examples regarding in-stability for $L^p$-boundedness of Riesz transform.
Let $Γ$ be a graph with the doubling property for the volume of balls and $P$ a reversible random walk on $Γ$. We introduce $H^1$ Hardy spaces of functions and $1$-forms adapted to $P$ and prove various characterizations of these spaces. We also characterize the dual space of $H^1$ as a $BMO$-type space adapted to $P$. As an application, we establish $H^1$-$H^1$ and $H^1$-$L^1$ boundedness of the Riesz transform.
In this paper we prove weighted mixed norm estimates for Riesz transforms associated to Hermite and special Hermite operators. The estimates are shown to be equivalent to vectorvalued esimates for a sequence of operators defined in terms of Laguerre functions of different type.
One considers the class of complete non-compact Riemannian manifolds whose heat kernel satisfies Gaussian estimates from above and below. One shows that the Riesz transform is $L^p$ bounded on such a manifold, for $p$ ranging in an open interval above 2, if and only if the gradient of the heat kernel satisfies a certain $L^p$ estimate in the same interval of $p$'s.
