Zhongwei Shen
For any fixed $p>2$, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the boundedness of the Riesz transforms associated with second order elliptic operators with real, symmetric, bounded measurable coefficients.
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We solve time-harmonic Maxwell's equations in anisotropic, spatially homogeneous media in intersections of $L^p$-spaces. The material laws are time-independent. The analysis requires Fourier restriction-extension estimates for perturbations of Fresnel's wave surface. This surface can be decomposed into finitely many components of the following three types: smooth surfaces with non-vanishing Gaussian curvature, smooth surfaces with Gaussian curvature vanishing along one-dimensional submanifolds, but without flat points, and surfaces with conical singularities. Our estimates are based on new Boc…
Weak type $(1,1)$ bounds for Riesz transforms for elliptic operators in non-divergence form
本文证明非散度型椭圆算子的 Riesz 变换在权函数属于 $A_2$ 时关于该权测度为弱型 $(1,1)$，进而结合 $L^2$ 有界性得到 $L^p$ 有界性，适用于小 BMO 系数。
We establish a Riesz potential criterion for Lebesgue continuity points of functions of bounded $\mathbb{A}$-variation, where $\mathbb{A}$ is a $\mathbb{C}$-elliptic differential operator of arbitrary order. This result might even be of interest for classical functions of bounded variation.
We investigate $L^p$ boundedness of the maximal Bochner-Riesz means for self-adjoint operators of elliptic type. Assuming the finite speed of propagation for the associated wave operator, from the restriction type estimates we establish the sharp $L^p$ boundedness of the maximal Bochner-Riesz means for the elliptic operators. As applications, we obtain the sharp $L^p$ maximal bounds for the Schrödinger operators on asymptotically conic manifolds, the harmonic oscillator and its perturbations or elliptic operators on compact manifolds.
Riesz potential estimates for non-linear elliptic obstacle problems
研究涉及测度数据的非线性椭圆障碍问题，核心方法是根据里斯势建立解的逐点梯度估计，主要贡献是得到相关估计结果。
In this paper using the well known asymptotic relations between Jacobi polynomials and Hermite and Laguerre polynomials. We develop a transference method to obtain the $L^p$-continuity of the Gaussian-Riesz transform and the $L^p$-continuity of the Laguerre-Riesz transform from the $L^p$-continuity of the Jacobi-Riesz transform, in dimension one.
We prove optimal integrability results for solutions of the $p(\cdot)$-Laplace equation in the scale of (weak) Lebesgue spaces. To obtain this, we show that variable exponent Riesz and Wolff potentials maps $L^1$ to variable exponent weak Lebesgue spaces.
This paper comprises two parts. In the first, we study $L^p$ to $L^q$ bounds for spectral multipliers and Bochner-Riesz means with negative index in the general setting of abstract self-adjoint operators. In the second we obtain the uniform Sobolev estimates for constant coefficients higher order elliptic operators $P(D)-z$ and all $z\in {\mathbb C}\backslash [0, \infty)$, which give an extension of the second order results of Kenig-Ruiz-Sogge \cite{KRS}. Next we use perturbation techniques to prove the uniform Sobolev estimates for Schrödinger operators $P(D)+V$ with small integrable potentia…
This article focuses on $L^p$ estimates for objects associated to elliptic operators in divergence form: its semigroup, the gradient of the semigroup, functional calculus, square functions and Riesz transforms. We introduce four critical numbers associated to the semigroup and its gradient that completely rule the ranges of exponents for the $L^p$ estimates. It appears that the case $p<2$ already treated earlier is radically different from the case $p>2$ which is new. We thus recover in a unified and coherent way many $L^p$ estimates and give further applications. The key tools from harmonic a…
In this paper, the aim of our work is to establish global weighted gradient estimates via fractional maximal functions and the point-wise regularity estimates of Dirichlet problem for divergence elliptic equations of the type \begin{align*} \mathrm{div}(A(x,\nabla u)) = \mathrm{div}(f) \ \text{in} \ Ω, \mbox{ and } \ u = g \ \text{on} \ \partial Ω, \end{align*} that related to Riesz potentials. Here, in our setting, $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^n$, $n \ge 2$ is a bounded Reifenberg flat domain (that its boundary is sufficiently flat in sense of Reifenberg) and the small-BMO condition (small bounded me…
Let $L$ be a homogeneous divergence form higher order elliptic operator with complex bounded measurable coefficients on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $X$ a ball quasi-Banach function space on $\mathbb{R}^n$ satisfying some mild assumptions. Denote by $H_{X,\, L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ the Hardy space, associated with both $L$ and $X$, which is defined via the Lusin area function related to the semigroup generated by $L$. In this article, the authors establish both the maximal function and the Riesz transform characterizations of $H_{X,\, L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$. The results obtained in this article have a wide range o…
On a complete non-compact Riemannian manifold $M$, we prove that a so-called quasi Riesz transform is always $L^p$ bounded for $1<p\leq 2$. If $M$ satisfies the doubling volume property and the sub-Gaussian heat kernel estimate, we prove that the quasi Riesz transform is also of weak type $(1,1)$.
This is the fourth article of our series. Here, we study weighted norm inequalities for the Riesz transform of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on Riemannian manifolds and of subelliptic sum of squares on Lie groups, under the doubling volume property and Gaussian upper bounds.
Sharp Riesz and reverse Riesz inequalities for degenerate elliptic operators of Grushin type
研究Grushin型退化椭圆算子的Riesz变换\(L^p\)有界性及反向Riesz不等式，通过显式构造泊松核、格林核及调和湮灭方法，证明其在不同退化情形下的有界性，阐明相关现象机制并得出精确不等式。
The paper concerns the magnetic Schrödinger operator on $R^n$. Under certain conditions, given in terms of the reverse Hölder inequality on the magnetic field and the electric potential, we prove some $L^p$ estimates on the Riesz transforms and we establish some related maximal inequalities.
The paper concerns the magnetic Schrödinger operator on $R^n$. We prove some $L^p$ estimates on the Riesz transforms and we establish some related maximal inequalities. The conditions that we arrive at, are essentially based on the control of the magnetic field by the electric potential.
In this paper we obtain precise estimates for the $L^2$ norm of the $s$-dimensional Riesz transforms on very general measures supported on Cantor sets in $\mathbb R^d$, with $d-1<s<d$. From these estimates we infer that, for the so called uniformly disconnected compact sets, the capacity $γ_s$ associated with the Riesz kernel $x/|x|^{s+1}$ is comparable to the capacity $\dot{C}_{\frac{2}{3}(d-s),\frac{3}{2}}$ from non-linear potential theory.
We consider Muckenhoupt weights $w$, and define weighted Hardy spaces $H^p_{\mathcal{T}}(w)$, where $\mathcal{T}$ denotes a conical square function or a non-tangential maximal function defined via the heat or the Poisson semigroup generated by a second order divergence form elliptic operator $L$. In the range $0<p< 1$, we give a molecular characterization of these spaces. Additionally, in the range $p\in \mathcal{W}_w(p_-(L),p_+(L))$ we see that these spaces are isomorphic to the $L^p(w)$ spaces. We also consider the Riesz transform $\nabla L^{-\frac{1}{2}}$, associated with $L$, and show that…
We prove that if $μ$ is a d-dimensional Ahlfors-David regular measure in $\R^{d+1}$, then the boundedness of the $d$-dimensional Riesz transform in $L^2(μ)$ implies that the non-BAUP David-Semmes cells form a Carleson family. Combined with earlier results of David and Semmes, this yields the uniform rectifiability of $μ$.
Shorter proof of dimension-free $L^p$ estimates for maximal Riesz transforms
本文提出最大Riesz变换$L^p$估计的简洁直接证明，常数不依赖维数，改进了先前依赖维数的结果。
We show various $L^p$ estimates for Schrödinger operators $-Δ+V$ on $\RR^n$ and their square roots. We assume reverse Hölder estimates on the potential, and improve some results of Shen \cite{Sh1}. Our main tools are improved Fefferman-Phong inequalities and reverse Hölder estimates for weak solutions of $-Δ+V$ and their gradients.
Fix $d\geq 2$, and $s\in (d-1,d)$. We characterize the non-negative locally finite non-atomic Borel measures $μ$ in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for which the associated $s$-Riesz transform is bounded in $L^2(μ)$ in terms of the Wolff energy. This extends the range of $s$ in which the Mateu-Prat-Verdera characterization of measures with bounded $s$-Riesz transform is known. As an application, we give a metric characterization of the removable sets for locally Lipschitz continuous solutions of the fractional Laplacian operator $(-Δ)^{α/2}$, $α\in (1,2)$, in terms of a well-known capacity from non-linear pote…
In this paper we study the $s$-dimensional Riesz transform of a finite measure $μ$ in $\mathbf{R}^d$, with $s\in (d-1,d)$. We show that the boundedness of the Riesz transform of $μ$ implies that a nonlinear potential of exponential type is finite $μ$-almost everywhere. It appears to be the first result of this type for $s>1$.
We show that, given a set $E\subset \mathbb R^{n+1}$ with finite $n$-Hausdorff measure $H^n$, if the $n$-dimensional Riesz transform $$R_{H^n|E} f(x) = \int_{E} \frac{x-y}{|x-y|^{n+1}} f(y) dH^n(y)$$ is bounded in $L^2(H^n|E)$, then $E$ is $n$-rectifiable. From this result we deduce that a compact set $E\subset\mathbb R^{n+1}$ with $H^n(E)<\infty$ is removable for Lipschitz harmonic functions if and only if it is purely $n$-unrectifiable, thus proving the analog of Vitushkin's conjecture in higher dimensions.
Let $E\subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$, $n\ge 2$, be a closed, Ahlfors-David regular set of dimension $n$ satisfying the "Riesz Transform bound" $$\sup_{\varepsilon>0}\int_E\left|\int_{\{y\in E:|x-y|>\varepsilon\}}\frac{x-y}{|x-y|^{n+1}} f(y) dH^n(y)\right|^2 dH^n(x) \leq C \int_E|f|^2 dH^n .$$ Assume further that $E$ is the boundary of a domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^{n+1}$ satisfying the Harnack Chain condition plus an interior (but not exterior) Corkscrew condition. Then $E$ is uniformly rectifiable.
Weak type $(1,1)$ estimates for Riesz transforms of elliptic operators and magnetic Schrödinger operators
该研究针对完备黎曼流形上的磁薛定谔算子与$\boldsymbol{\textit{R}}^d$粗糙区域的对称椭圆算子，证明其对应里斯变换的弱型(1,1)估计，拓展了相关算子的$L^p$有界性结论。
We study the boundedness of Riesz transforms in $L^p$ for $p>2$ on a doubling metric measure space endowed with a gradient operator and an injective, $ω$-accretive operator $L$ satisfying Davies-Gaffney estimates. If $L$ is non-negative self-adjoint, we show that under a reverse Hölder inequality, the Riesz transform is always bounded on $L^p$ for $p$ in some interval $[2,2+\varepsilon)$, and that $L^p$ gradient estimates for the semigroup imply boundedness of the Riesz transform in $L^q$ for $q \in [2,p)$. This improves results of \cite{ACDH} and \cite{AC}, where the stronger assumption of a …
Riesz transforms associated with the twisted Laplacian with drift
本文研究了与漂移扭曲拉普拉斯算子相关的任意阶里斯茨变换的强型和弱型有界性。
Some Remarks on the Riesz and reverse Riesz transforms on Broken Line
本文研究折线上的Riesz变换与逆Riesz变换，证明Riesz变换的L^p有界性范围由较小维度决定，建立端点Lorentz型估计，验证逆Riesz不等式的L^p下界，无需假设双倍条件与庞加莱不等式，方法基于Riesz核估计与调和零化技术。
Riesz transforms associated with the Grushin operator with drift
本文研究了具有漂移的Grushin算子的Riesz变换，探讨了其在强型(p,p)和弱型(1,1)下的有界性。
We investigate the boundness of the Riesz transform on $L^p$ for connected sum of manifolds where the Riesz transform is bounded on $L^p$.
In this work we obtain weighted $L^p$, $1<p<\infty$, and weak $L\log L$ estimates for the commutator of the Riesz transforms associated to a Schrödinger operator $-\lap+V$, where $V$ satisfies some reverse Hölder inequality. The classes of weights as well as the classes of symbols are larger than $A_p$ and $BMO$ corresponding to the classical Riesz transforms.
One considers the class of complete non-compact Riemannian manifolds whose heat kernel satisfies Gaussian estimates from above and below. One shows that the Riesz transform is $L^p$ bounded on such a manifold, for $p$ ranging in an open interval above 2, if and only if the gradient of the heat kernel satisfies a certain $L^p$ estimate in the same interval of $p$'s.
We derive sharp Adams inequalities with exact growth condition for the Riesz potential as well as more general Riesz-like potentials on R^n. We also obtain Moser-Trudinger inequalities with exact growth condition for the fractional Laplacian, and for general homogeneous elliptic differential operators with constant coefficients.
We investigate the $L^p$-boundness of the Riesz transform on Riemannian manifolds whose Ricci curvature has quadratic decay. Two criteria for the $L^p$-unboundness of the Riesz transform are given. We recover known results about manifolds that are Euclidean or conical at infinity.
In this paper, we prove the boundedness of Riesz transforms $\partial_{j}(-Δ)^{-1/2}$ ($j=1,2,...,n$) on the Q-type spaces $Q_α^β(\mathbb{R}^{n})$. As an application, we get the well-posedness and regularity of the quasi-geostrophic equation with initial data in $Q_α^{β,-1}(\mathbb{R}^{2}).$
We show a perturbation result for the boundedness of the Riesz transform : if $M$ and $M_0$ are complete Riemannian manifolds satisfying a Sobolev inequality of dimension $n$, which are isometric outside a compact set, and if the Riesz transform on $M_0$ is bounded on $L^q$, then for all $\frac{n}{n-2}, the Riesz transform on $M$ is bounded on $L^p$ provided that $M$ is p-hyperbolic OR $M$ has only one end.
We study the equation --div(A(x, u)) = g(x, u, u) + $μ$ where $μ$ is a measure and either g(x, u, u) $\sim$ |u| q 1 u||u| q 2 or g(x, u, u) $\sim$ |u| s 1 u + ||u| s 2. We give sufficient conditions for existence of solutions expressed in terms of the Wolff potential or the Riesz potentials of the measure. Finally we connect the potential estimates on the measure with Lipchitz estimates with respect to some Bessel or Riesz capacity.
On a smooth complete Riemannian spin manifold with smooth compact boundary, we demonstrate that the Atiyah-Singer Dirac operator $\mathrm{D}_{\mathcal B}$ in $\mathrm{L}^{2}$ depends Riesz continuously on $\mathrm{L}^{\infty}$ perturbations of local boundary conditions ${\mathcal B}$. The Lipschitz bound for the map ${\mathcal B} \to {\mathrm{D}}_{\mathcal B}(1 + {\mathrm{D}}_{\mathcal B}^2)^{-\frac{1}{2}}$ depends on Lipschitz smoothness and ellipticity of ${\mathcal B}$ and bounds on Ricci curvature and its first derivatives as well as a lower bound on injectivity radius. More generally, we …
On the Riesz transform and its reverse inequality on manifolds with quadratically decaying curvature
本文研究了曲率二次衰减流形上的Riesz变换及其反向不等式，通过Lorentz型估计和谐波环消方法，证明了反向Riesz、Hardy和加权Sobolev不等式等价，并验证了Grushin空间中Riesz变换的有界性。
In this paper, we consider the following singular integral \begin{equation*} T_jf(x)=K_j*f(x), K_j(x)=\frac{x_j}{|x|^{n+1-β}}, \end{equation*} where $x\in R^n, 0\le β<n, j=1,2,\cdots, n$. When $β=0$, it corresponds to the Riesz transform. We will make an estimate the $L^q (1<q<\infty)$ norm of $T_jf$, which holds uniformly for $0\leβ<\frac{n(q-1)}{q}$. In particular, when $β=0$, the strong $(q,q)$ type estimate of the Riesz transform for $1<q<\infty$ is recovered from the obtained estimate.
Spectral Multipliers II: Elliptic and Parabolic Operators and Bochner-Riesz Means
本文针对三维空间中带粗糙势的薛定谔算子，在仅假设势属于K_0类且无正能束缚态的条件下，建立了Poisson核、热核及Bochner-Riesz平均的谱乘子估计，并证明了负束缚态有限性。
Let $R_j$ denote the $j^{\text{th}}$ Riesz transform on $\mathbb{R}^n$. We prove that there exists an absolute constant $C>0$ such that \begin{align*} |\{|R_jf|>λ\}|\leq C\left(\frac{1}λ\|f\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)}+\sup_ν |\{|R_jν|>λ\}|\right) \end{align*} for any $λ>0$ and $f \in L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)$, where the above supremum is taken over measures of the form $ν=\sum_{k=1}^Na_kδ_{c_k}$ for $N \in \mathbb{N}$, $c_k \in \mathbb{R}^n$, and $a_k \in \mathbb{R}^+$ with $\sum_{k=1}^N a_k \leq 16\|f\|_{L^1(\mathbb{R}^n)}$. This shows that to establish dimensional estimates for the weak-type $(1,1)$ ineq…
New Gaussian Riesz transforms on variable Lebesgue spaces
该研究给出可变指数的充分条件，证明非中心高斯极大函数与一类和Ornstein-Uhlenbeck半群相关的新高阶高斯Riesz变换在可变Lebesgue空间上有界，推广了已有一阶高斯Riesz变换的相关结果。
We prove new sharp $L^p$, logarithmic, and weak-type inequalities for martingales under the assumption of differentially subordination. The $L^p$ estimates are "Fyenman-Kac" type versions of Burkholder's celebrated martingale transform inequalities. From the martingale $L^p$ inequalities we obtain that Riesz transforms on manifolds of nonnegative Bakry-Emery Ricci curvature have exactly the same $L^p$ bounds as those known for Riesz transforms in the flat case of $\R^n$. From the martingale logarithmic and weak-type inequalities we obtain similar inequalities for Riesz transforms on compact Li…
Gradient Riesz potential estimates for a general class of measure data quasilinear systems
该研究针对具有Uhlenbeck型结构和Orlicz增长的测度数据椭圆方程组，借助截断Riesz位势建立解梯度的逐点估计，实现了不同尺度下数据到解的正则性精确传递。
In this article we derive quantitative uniqueness and approximation properties for (perturbations) of Riesz transforms. Seeking to provide robust arguments, we adopt a PDE point of view and realize our operators as harmonic extensions, which makes the problem accessible to PDE tools. In this context we then invoke quantitative propagation of smallness estimates in combination with qualitative Runge approximation results. These results can be viewed as quantifications of the approximation properties which have recently gained prominence in the context of nonlocal operators, c.f. [DSV14], [DSV16…
In this work we are concerned with Fefferman-Stein type inequalities. More precisely, given an operator $T$ and some $p$, $1<p<\infty$, we look for operators $\mathcal{M}$ such that the inequality $$\int |Tf|^pw\leq C\int |f|^p \mathcal{M}w$$ holds true for any weight $w$. Specifically, we are interested in the case of $T$ being any first or second order Riesz transform associated to the Schrödinger operator $L=-Δ+ V$, with $V$ a non-negative function satisfying an appropriate reverse-Hölder condition. For the Riesz-Schrödinger transforms $\nabla L^{-1/2}$ and $\nabla^2 L^{-1}$ we make use of …
We prove an optimal reverse Poincaré inequality for the heat semigroup generated by the sub-Laplacian on a Carnot group of any step. As an application we give new proofs of the isoperimetric inequality and of the boundedness of the Riesz transform in Carnot groups.
The goal of this article is twofold: in a first part, we prove Gaussian estimates for the heat kernel of Schr{ö}dinger operators delta + V whose potential V is "small at infinity" in an integral sense. In a second part, we prove sharp boundedness result for the associated Riesz transform with potential d(delta+V) --1/2. A characterization of p-hyperbolicity, which is of independent interest, is also proved.
We consider Riesz transforms of any order associated to an Ornstein--Uhlenbeck operator $\mathcal L$, with covariance $Q$ given by a real, symmetric and positive definite matrix, and with drift $B$ given by a real matrix whose eigenvalues have negative real parts. In this general Gaussian context, we prove that a Riesz transform is of weak type $(1,1)$ with respect to the invariant measure if and only if its order is at most $2$.
For an abstract self-adjoint operator $L$ and a local operator $A$ we study the boundedness of the Riesz transform $AL^{-α}$ on $L^p$ for some $α>0$. A very simple proof of the obtained result is based on the finite speed propagation property for the solution of the corresponding wave equation. We also discuss the relation between the Gaussian bounds and the finite speed propagation property. Using the wave equation methods we obtain a new natural form of the Gaussian bounds for the heat kernels for a large class of the generating operators. We describe a surprisingly elementary proof of the f…
We give pointwise upper estimate for the gradient of the heat kernel on some fractal-like cable systems including the Vicsek and the Sierpiński cable systems. Applications to $L^p$-boundedness of quasi-Riesz transforms are derived.
Reverse Riesz Inequality on Manifolds with Ends
本文在带端流形上证明反向 Riesz 变换对所有 $L^p$（$1<p<\infty$）有界，而 Riesz 变换仅在 $1<p<n_*$ 有界，从而给出二者不等价的重要反例。
As it was shown by Shen, the Riesz transforms associated to the Schrödinger operator $L=-Δ+ V$ are not bounded on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d)$-spaces for all $p, 1<p<\infty$, under the only assumption that the potential satisfies a reverse Hölder condition of order $d/2$, $d\geq3$. Furthermore, they are bounded only for $p$ in some finite interval of the type $(1,p_0)$, so it can not be expected to preserve regularity spaces. In this work we search for some kind of minimal additional conditions on the potential in order to obtain boundedness on appropriate weighted $BMO$ type regularity spaces for all …
We consider a class of manifolds $\mathcal{M}$ obtained by taking the connected sum of a finite number of $N$-dimensional Riemannian manifolds of the form $(\mathbb{R}^{n_i}, δ) \times (\mathcal{M}_i, g)$, where $\mathcal{M}_i$ is a compact manifold, with the product metric. The case of greatest interest is when the Euclidean dimensions $n_i$ are not all equal. This means that the ends have different `asymptotic dimension', and implies that the Riemannian manifold $\mathcal{M}$ is not a doubling space. We completely describe the range of exponents $p$ for which the Riesz transform on $\mathcal…
We consider a class of non-doubling manifolds $\mathcal{M}$ defined by taking connected sum of finite Riemannian manifolds with dimension N which has the form $\mathbb{R}^{n_i}\times \mathcal{M}_i$ and the Euclidean dimension $n_i$ are not necessarily all the same. In arXiv:1805.00132v3 [math.AP], Hassell and Sikora proved that the Riesz transform on $\mathcal{M}$ is weak type $(1,1)$, bounded on $L^{p}(\mathcal{M})$ for all $1<p<n^*$ where $n^* = \min_k n_k$ and is unbounded for $p \ge n^*$. In this note we show that the Riesz transform is bounded from Lorentz space $L^{n^* ,1}(\mathcal{M})$ …
Orlicz Potential Theory: Balayage, Riesz Measures, and Very Weak Solutions
针对无齐次性或缩放假设的 Orlicz 增长椭圆方程，建立非线性位势理论，包括障碍问题全局 Hölder 正则性、扫除理论、Riesz 测度构造、容量估计及超调和函数拟连续性，并证明超调和函数与重整化解的等价性。
Using hyperbolic form convolution with doubly isometry-invariant kernels, the explicit expression of the inverse of the de Rham laplacian acting on m-forms in the Poincaré space is found. Also, by means of some estimates for hyperbolic singular integrals, we obtain L^p-estimates for the Riesz transforms passing from the Laplacian to other covariant derivatives, in a range of p depending on m,n. Finally, using these, it is shown that the Laplacian defines topological isomorphisms in the scale of form Sobolev spaces, for m different from n/2,(n+1)/2,(n-1)/2.
Let $L_k=-Δ_k+V$ be the Dunk- Schrödinger operators, where $Δ_k=\sum_{j=1}^dT_j^2$ is the Dunkl Laplace operator associated to the dunkl operators $T_j$ on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and $V$ is a nonnegative potential function. In the first part of this paper we introduce the Riesz transform $R_j= T_j L_k^{-1/2}$ as an $L^2$- bounded operator and we prove that is of weak type $(1,1)$ and then is bounded on $L^p(\mathbb{R}^d,dμ_k(x))$ for $1<p\leq 2$. The second pat is devoted to the $L^p$ smoothing of the semigroup generated by $L_k$, when $V$ belongs to the standard Koto class.
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