A map f between two metric spaces (X,d_1) and (Y,d_2) is called a coarse embedding of X into Y if there exist two nondecreasing functions phi_1, phi_2:[0,\infty) --> [0,\infty) such that:
phi_1(d_1(x,y)) \leq d_2(f(x),f(y)) \leq phi_2(d_1(x,y)) for all x, y in X,
and phi_1(t) tends to \infty as t tends to \infty.
We characterize those quasi-Banach spaces that have a coarse embedding into a Hilbert space.
We prove that the class of reflexive asymptotic-$c_0$ Banach spaces is coarsely rigid, meaning that if a Banach space $X$ coarsely embeds into a reflexive asymptotic-$c_0$ space $Y$, then $X$ is also reflexive and asymptotic-$c_0$. In order to achieve this result we provide a purely metric characterization of this class of Banach spaces. This metric characterization takes the form of a concentration inequality for Lipschitz maps on the Hamming graphs, which is rigid under coarse embeddings. Using an example of a quasi-reflexive asymptotic-$c_0$ space, we show that this concentration inequality…
In these notes, we study the relation between uniform and coarse embeddings between Banach spaces. In order to understand this relation better, we also look at the problem of when a coarse embedding can be assumed to be topological. Among other results, we show that if a Banach space $X$ uniformly embeds into a minimal Banach space $Y$, then $X$ simultaneously coarsely and uniformly embeds into $Y$, and if a Banach space $X$ coarsely embeds into a minimal Banach space $Y$, then $X$ simultaneously coarsely and homeomorphically embeds into $Y$ by a map with uniformly continuous inverse.
We give a direct proof of the fact that a quasi-Banach space coarsely embeds into a Hilbert space if and only if it uniformly embeds into a Hilbert space.
It is known that the expanders arising as increasing sequences of level sets of warped cones, as introduced by the second-named author, do not coarsely embed into a Banach space as soon as the corresponding warped cone does not coarsely embed into this Banach space. Combining this with non-embeddability results for warped cones by Nowak and Sawicki, which relate the non-embeddability of a warped cone to a spectral gap property of the underlying action, we provide new examples of expanders that do not coarsely embed into any Banach space with nontrivial type. Moreover, we prove that these expan…
The main result of this article is a rigidity result pertaining to the spreading model structure for Banach spaces coarsely embeddable into Tsirelson's original space $T^*$. Every Banach space that is coarsely embeddable into $T^*$ must be reflexive and all its spreading models must be isomorphic to $c_0$. Several important consequences follow from our rigidity result. We obtain a coarse version of an influential theorem of Tsirelson: $T^*$ does not coarsely contain $c_0$ nor $\ell_p$ for $p\in[1,\infty)$. We show that there is no infinite dimensional Banach space that coarsely embeds into eve…
We study how well a quasi-Banach space can be coarsely embedded into a Hilbert space. Given any quasi-Banach space X which coarsely embeds into a Hilbert space, we compute its Hilbert space compression exponent. We also show that the Hilbert space compression exponent of X is equal to the supremum of the amounts of snowflakings of X which admit a bi-Lipschitz embedding into a Hilbert space.
Krivine and Maurey proved in 1981 that every stable Banach space contains almost isometric copies of $\ell_p$, for some $p\in[1,\infty)$. In 1983, Raynaud showed that if a Banach space uniformly embeds into a superstable Banach space, then $X$ must contain an isomorphic copy of $\ell_p$, for some $p\in[1,\infty)$. In these notes, we show that if a Banach space coarsely embeds into a superstable Banach space, then $X$ has a spreading model isomorphic to $\ell_p$, for some $p\in[1,\infty)$. In particular, we obtain that there exist reflexive Banach spaces which do not coarsely embed into any sup…
We generalize the concept of coarse hypercyclicity, introduced by Feldman in \cite{Fe1}, to that of coarse topological transitivity on open cones. We show that a bounded linear operator acting on an infinite dimensional Banach space with a coarsely dense orbit on an open cone is hypercyclic and a coarsely topologically transitive (mixing) operator on an open cone is topologically transitive (mixing resp.). We also "localize" these concepts by introducing two new classes of operators called coarsely $J$-class and coarsely $D$-class operators and we establish some results that may make these cla…
In these notes, we study nonlinear embeddings between Banach spaces which are also weakly sequentially continuous. In particular, our main result implies that if a Banach space $X$ coarsely (resp. uniformly) embeds into a Banach space $Y$ by a weakly sequentially continuous map, then every spreading model $(e_n)_n$ of a normalized weakly null sequence in $X$ satisfies \[\|e_1+\ldots+e_k\|_{\overlineδ_Y}\lesssim\|e_1+\ldots+e_k\|_S,\] where $\overlineδ_Y$ is the modulus of asymptotic uniform convexity of $Y$. Among other results, we obtain Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ so that $X$ coarsely (resp. u…
We show that warped cones over actions with spectral gaps do not embed coarsely into large classes of Banach spaces. In particular, there exist warped cones over actions of the free group that do not embed coarsely into $L_p$-spaces and there are warped cones over discrete group actions that do not embed into any Banach space with non-trivial type.
IMPA（巴西数学纯应用与计算研究所）；University of North Carolina at Charlotte（北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校）；Université Marie et Louis Pasteur, CNRS, LmB (UMR 6623)（玛丽和路易·巴斯德大学，法国国家科学研究中心，LmB实验室）；York University（约克大学）；Czech Technical University in Prague（布拉格捷克理工大学）；Texas A&M University（德克萨斯农工大学）
A coarse embedding of a metric space X into a metric space Y is a map f: X-->Y satisfying for every x, y in X: ϕ_1(d(x,y)) \leq d(f(x),f(y)) \leq ϕ_2(d(x,y)) where ϕ_1 and ϕ_2 are nondecreasing functions on [0,\infty) with values in [0,\infty), with the condition that ϕ_1(t) tends to \infty as t tends to \infty. We show that \ell_p does not coarsely embed in a Hilbert space for 2<p<\infty.
We construct a finitely generated group which is an extension of two finitely generated groups coarsely embeddable into Hilbert space but which itself does not coarsely embed into Hilbert space. Our construction also provides a new infinite monster group: the first example of a finitely generated group that does not coarsely embed into Hilbert space and yet does not contain a weakly embedded expander.
The main purpose of the paper is to find some expansion properties of locally finite metric spaces which do not embed coarsely into a Hilbert space. The obtained result is used to show that infinite locally finite graphs excluding a minor embed coarsely into a Hilbert space. In an appendix a direct proof of the latter result is given.
We prove that not every metric space embeds coarsely into an Alexandrov space of nonpositive curvature. This answers a question of Gromov (1993) and is in contrast to the fact that any metric space embeds coarsely into an Alexandrov space of nonnegative curvature, as shown by Andoni, Naor and Neiman (2015). We establish this statement by proving that a metric space which is $q$-barycentric for some $q\in [1,\infty)$ has metric cotype $q$ with sharp scaling parameter. Our proof utilizes nonlinear (metric space-valued) martingale inequalities and yields sharp bounds even for some classical Banac…
We construct the first example of a coarsely non-amenable (= without Guoliang Yu's property A) metric space with bounded geometry which coarsely embeds into a Hilbert space.
The goal of this paper is to study band-dominated operators on Banach spaces with Schauder basis with respect to uniformly locally finite metric spaces as well as the Banach algebras generated by them: the so called uniform Roe algebras. We investigate several kinds of isomorphisms between those Banach spaces (e.g., isomorphisms preserving norm, order, algebraic structure, etc) and prove several rigidity results on when a certain kind of isomorphism between the uniform Roe algebras implies that the base metric spaces are (bijectively) coarsely equivalent.
In this paper we provide several \emph{metric universality} results. We exhibit for certain classes $\cC$ of metric spaces, families of metric spaces $(M_i, d_i)_{i\in I}$ which have the property that a metric space $(X,d_X)$ in $\cC$ is coarsely, resp. Lipschitzly, universal for all spaces in $\cC$ if the collection of spaces $(M_i,d_i)_{i\in I}$ equi-coarsely, respectively equi-Lipschitzly, embeds into $(X,d_X)$. Such families are built as certain Schreier-type metric subsets of $\co$. We deduce a metric analog to Bourgain's theorem, which generalized Szlenk's theorem, and prove that a space…
We generalize the construction of Arzhantseva, Guentner and Spakula of a box space of the free group which admits a coarse embedding into Hilbert space. We show that for a finitely generated free group, the box space corresponding to the derived $m$-series (for any integer $m\geq 2$) coarsely embeds into Hilbert space. This gives new examples of metric spaces with bounded geometry which coarsely embed into Hilbert space but do not have Yu's property A.
In this paper, we study the coarse Lipschitz geometry of Banach spaces with several asymptotic properties. Specifically, we look at asymptotically uniformly smoothness and convexity, and several distinct Banach-Saks-like properties. Among other results, we characterize the Banach spaces which are either coarsely or uniformly homeomorphic to $T^{p_1}\oplus \ldots \oplus T^{p_n}$, where each $T^{p_j}$ denotes the $p_j$-convexification of the Tsirelson space, for $p_1,\ldots,p_n\in (1,\ldots, \infty)$, and $2\not\in\{p_1,\ldots ,p_n\}$. We obtain applications to the coarse Lipschitz geometry of t…
We study the nonlinear embeddability of Banach spaces and the equi-embeddability of the family of Kalton's interlaced graphs $([\mathbb N]^k,d_{\mathbb K})_k$ into dual spaces. Notably, we define and study a modification of Kalton's property $\mathcal Q$ that we call property $\mathcal{Q}_p$ (with $p \in (1,+\infty]$). We show that if $([\mathbb N]^k,d_{\mathbb K})_k$ equi-coarse Lipschitzly embeds into $X^*$, then the Szlenk index of $X$ is greater than $ω$, and that this is optimal, i.e., there exists a separable dual space $Y^*$ that contains $([\mathbb N]^k,d_{\mathbb K})_k$ equi-Lipschitz…
We investigate how coarse embeddability of box spaces into Hilbert space behaves under group extensions. In particular, we prove a result which implies that a semidirect product of a finitely generated free group by a finitely generated residually finite amenable group has a box space which coarsely embeds into Hilbert space. This provides a new class of examples of metric spaces with bounded geometry which coarsely embed into Hilbert space but do not have property A, generalising the example of Arzhantseva, Guentner and Spakula.
We exhibit a finitely generated group $G$ and a sequence of finite index normal subgroups $N_n\trianglelefteq G$ such that for every finite generating subset $S\subseteq G$, the sequence of finite Cayley graphs $(G/N_n, S)$ does not coarsely embed into any $L^p$-space for $1\leqslant p<\infty$ (moreover, into any uniformly curved Banach space), and yet admits no weakly embedded expander. The reason why our examples do not coarsely embed is a new phenomenon called relative expansion, which we define in terms of Poincaré inequalities.
In this paper, we study the coarse embedding into Banach space. We proved that under certain conditions, the property of embedding into Banach space can be preserved under taking the union the metric spaces. For a group $G$ strongly relative hyperbolic to a subgroup $H$, we proved that if $H$ admits a coarse embedding into a uniformly convex Banach space, so is $B(n)=\{g\in G|\abs{g}_{S\cup\mathscr{H}}\leq n\}$.
The main purposes of this paper are (1) To survey the area of coarse embeddability of metric spaces into Banach spaces, and, in particular, coarse embeddability of different Banach spaces into each other; (2) To present new results on the problems: (a) Whether coarse non-embeddability into $\ell_2$ implies presence of expander-like structures? (b) To what extent $\ell_2$ is the most difficult space to embed into?
We construct a locally finite graph and a bounded geometry metric space which do not admit a quasi-isometric embedding into any uniformly convex Banach space. Connections with the geometry of $c_0$ and superreflexivity are discussed.
We introduce the notion of cotype of a metric space, and prove that for Banach spaces it coincides with the classical notion of Rademacher cotype. This yields a concrete version of Ribe's theorem, settling a long standing open problem in the nonlinear theory of Banach spaces. We apply our results to several problems in metric geometry. Namely, we use metric cotype in the study of uniform and coarse embeddings, settling in particular the problem of classifying when L_p coarsely or uniformly embeds into L_q. We also prove a nonlinear analog of the Maurey-Pisier theorem, and use it to answer a qu…
We show that there exists a strong uniform embedding from any proper metric space into any Banach space without cotype. Then we prove a result concerning the Lipschitz embedding of locally finite subsets of $\mathcal{L}_{p}$-spaces. We use this locally finite result to construct a coarse bi-Lipschitz embedding for proper subsets of any $\mathcal{L}_p$-space into any Banach space $X$ containing the $\ell_p^n$'s. Finally using an argument of G. Schechtman we prove that for general proper metric spaces and for Banach spaces without cotype a converse statement holds.
In this paper we show that a countable, residually amenable group admits a proper isometric affine action on some uniformly convex Banach space if and only if one (or equivalently, all) of its box families admits a fibred cofinitely-coarse embedding into some uniformly convex Banach space.
Let $(M,d)$ be a bounded countable metric space and $c>0$ a constant, such that $d(x,y)+d(y,z)-d(x,z) \ge c$, for any pairwise distinct points $x,y,z$ of $M$. For such metric spaces we prove that they can be isometrically embedded into any Banach space containing an isomorphic copy of $\ell_\infty$.
For a fixed $K\gg 1$ and $n\in\mathbb{N}$, $n\gg 1$, we study metric spaces which admit embeddings with distortion $\le K$ into each $n$-dimensional Banach space. Classical examples include spaces embeddable into $\log n$-dimensional Euclidean spaces, and equilateral spaces. We prove that good embeddability properties are preserved under the operation of metric composition of metric spaces. In particular, we prove that any $n$-point ultrametric can be embedded with uniformly bounded distortion into any Banach space of dimension $\log n$. The main result of the paper is a new example of a famil…
$K$-theory of ghostly ideals for $\ell^p$-coarsely embeddable spaces
Shanghai Institute for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences (SIMIS)（上海数学与交叉学科研究院）；Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University（复旦大学智能复杂系统研究院）；Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University（隆德大学数学科学中心）；Research Center for Operator Algebras, School of Mathematical Sciences, East China Normal University（华东师范大学数学科学学院算子代数研究中心）
There are several characterizations of coarse embeddability of a discrete metric space into a Hilbert space. In this note we give such characterizations for general metric spaces. By applying these results to the spaces $L_p(μ)$, we get their coarse embeddability into a Hilbert space for $0<p<2$. This together with a theorem by Banach and Mazur yields that coarse embeddability into $\ell_2$ and into $L_p(0,1)$ are equivalent when $1 \le p<2$. A theorem by G.Yu and the above allow to extend to $L_p(μ)$, $0<p<2$, the range of spaces, coarse embedding into which guarantees for a finitely generate…
The purpose of this article is to generalize some known characterizations of Banach space properties in terms of graph preclusion. In particular, it is shown that superreflexivity can be characterized by the non-equi-bi-Lipschitz embeddability of any family of bundle graphs generated by a nontrivial finitely-branching bundle graph. It is likewise shown that asymptotic uniform convexifiability can be characterized within the class of reflexive Banach spaces with an unconditional asymptotic structure by the non-equi-bi-Lipschitz embeddability of any family of bundle graphs generated by a nontriv…
We prove that a Banach space X is not super-reflexive if and only if the hyperbolic infinite tree embeds metrically into X. We improve one implication of J.Bourgain's result who gave a metrical characterization of super-reflexivity in Banach spaces in terms of uniforms embeddings of the finite trees. A characterization of the linear type for Banach spaces is given using the embedding of the infinite tree equipped with a suitable metric.
In this note we extend to the quasi-reflexive setting the result of F. Baudier, N. Kalton and G. Lancien concerning the non-embeddability of the family of countably branching trees into reflexive Banach spaces whose Szlenk index and Szlenk index from the dual are both equal to the first infinite ordinal $ω$. In particular we show that the family of countably branching trees does neither embed into the James space $\mathcal{J}_p$ nor into its dual space $\mathcal{J}_p^*$ for $p\in(1,\infty)$.
The paper contains the following results and observations: (1) There exists a sequence of unweighted graphs $\{G_n\}_n$ with maximum degree 3 such that a Banach space $X$ has no nontrivial cotype iff $\{G_n\}_n$ admit uniformly bilipschitz embeddings into $X$; (2) The same for Banach spaces with no nontrivial type; (3) A sequence $\{G_n\}$ characterizing Banach spaces with no nontrivial cotype in the sense described above can be chosen to be a sequence of bounded degree expanders; (4) The infinite diamond does not admit a bilipschitz embedding into Banach spaces with the Radon-Nikodým property…
We present a new proof of Zippin's Embedding Theorem, that every separable reflexive Banach space embeds into one with shrinking and boundedly complete basis, and every Banach space with a separable dual embeds into one with a shrinking basis. This new proof leads to improved versions of other embedding results.
The main goal of this paper is to develop a new embedding method which we use to show that some finite metric spaces admit low-distortion embeddings into all non-superreflexive spaces. This method is based on the theory of equal-signs-additive sequences developed by Brunel and Sucheston (1975-1976). We also show that some of the low-distortion embeddability results obtained using this method cannot be obtained using the method based on the factorization between the summing basis and the unit vector basis of $\ell_1$, which was used by Bourgain (1986) and Johnson and Schechtman (2009).
We find a class of metric structures which do not admit bilipschitz embeddings into Banach spaces with the Radon-Nikodým property. Our proof relies on Chatterji's (1968) martingale characterization of the RNP and does not use the Cheeger's (1999) metric differentiation theory. The class includes the infinite diamond and both Laakso (2000) spaces. We also show that for each of these structures there is a non-RNP Banach space which does not admit its bilipschitz embedding. We prove that a dual Banach space does not have the RNP if and only if it admits a bilipschitz embedding of the infinite dia…
In this paper, we connect the rigidity problem and the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture for Roe algebras. In particular, we show that if $X$ and $Y$ are two uniformly locally finite metric spaces such that their Roe algebras are $*$-isomorphic, then $X$ and $Y$ are coarsely equivalent provided either $X$ or $Y$ satisfies the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture with coefficients. It is well-known that coarse embeddability into a Hilbert space implies the coarse Baum-Connes conjecture with coefficients. On the other hand, we provide a new example of a finitely generated group satisfying the coarse Baum-C…
Within the class of reflexive Banach spaces, we prove a metric characterization of the class of asymptotic-$c_0$ spaces in terms of a bi-Lipschitz invariant which involves metrics that generalize the Hamming metric on $k$-subsets of $\mathbb{N}$. We apply this characterization to show that the class of separable, reflexive, and asymptotic-$c_0$ Banach spaces is non-Borel co-analytic. Finally, we introduce a relaxation of the asymptotic-$c_0$ property, called the asymptotic-subsequential-$c_0$ property, which is a partial obstruction to the equi-coarse embeddability of the sequence of Hamming g…
Given a Banach space $X$ and a real number $α\ge 1$, we write: (1) $D(X)\leα$ if, for any locally finite metric space $A$, all finite subsets of which admit bilipschitz embeddings into $X$ with distortions $\le C$, the space $A$ itself admits a bilipschitz embedding into $X$ with distortion $\le α\cdot C$; (2) $D(X)=α^+$ if, for every $\varepsilon>0$, the condition $D(X)\leα+\varepsilon$ holds, while $D(X)\leα$ does not; (3) $D(X)\le α^+$ if $D(X)=α^+$ or $D(X)\le α$. It is known that $D(X)$ is bounded by a universal constant, but the available estimates for this constant are rather large. The…
We show that if the Szlenk index of a Banach space $X$ is larger than the first infinite ordinal $ω$ or if the Szlenk index of its dual is larger than $ω$, then the tree of all finite sequences of integers equipped with the hyperbolic distance metrically embeds into $X$. We show that the converse is true when $X$ is assumed to be reflexive. As an application, we exhibit new classes of Banach spaces that are stable under coarse-Lipschitz embeddings and therefore under uniform homeomorphisms.
In this note we prove that the Kalton interlaced graphs do not equi-coarsely embed into the James space $\mathcal J$ nor into its dual $\mathcal J^*$. It is a particular case of a more general result on the non equi-coarse embeddability of the Kalton graphs into quasi-reflexive spaces with a special asymptotic stucture. This allows us to exhibit a coarse invariant for Banach spaces, namely the non equi-coarse embeddability of this family of graphs, which is very close to but different from the celebrated property $\mathcal Q$ of Kalton. We conclude with a remark on the coarse geometry of the J…
We characterize non-reflexive Banach spaces by a low-distortion (resp. isometric) embeddability of a certain metric graph up to a renorming. Also we study non-linear sufficient conditions for $\ell_1^n$ being $(1+\varepsilon)$-isomorphic to a subspace of a Banach space $X$.
See title. (A Banach space is said to be L-embedded if it is complemented in its bidual such that the norm between the two complementary subspaces is additive.)
The aim of this paper is to show that almost greedy bases induce tighter embeddings in superreflexive Banach spaces than in general Banach spaces. More specifically, we show that an almost greedy basis in a superreflexive Banach space $\mathbb{X}$ induces embeddings that allow squeezing $\mathbb{X}$ between two superreflexive Lorentz sequence spaces that are close to each other in the sense that they have the same fundamental function.
In this paper, we study nonlinear embeddings between Banach spaces. More specifically, the goal of this paper is to study weaker versions of coarse and uniform embeddability, and to provide suggestive evidences that those weaker embeddings may be stronger than one would think. We do such by proving that many known results for coarse and uniform embeddings remain valid for those weaker notions of embeddings.
In this paper we first show that if $X$ is a Banach space and $α$ is a left invariant crossnorm on $\ell_\infty\otimes X$, then there is a Banach lattice $L$ and an isometric embedding $J$ of $X$ into $L$, so that $I\otimes J$ becomes an isometry of $\ell_\infty\otimes_αX$ onto $\ell_\infty\otimes_m J(X)$. Here $I$ denotes the identity operator on $\ell_\infty$ and $\ell_\infty\otimes_m J(X)$ the canonical lattice tensor product. This result is originally due to G. Pisier (unpublished), but our proof is different. We then use this to characterize the Gordon-Lewis property $\GL$ in terms of emb…
It was proved by Dodos and Ferenczi that the classes of Banach spaces with a separable dual and of separable reflexive Banach spaces are strongly bounded. In this note, we provide an isometric version of this result.
We study finite subsets of $\ell_2$, and more generally any metric space, and consider whether these isometrically embed into a Banach space. Our results partially answer a question of Ostrovskii, on whether every infinite-dimensional Banach space contains every finite subset of $\ell_2$ isometrically. The updated version contains acknowledgement that Theorem 3.1 has been proven previously in a paper of Shkarin.
