Florent P. Baudier, Gilles Lancien, Pavlos Motakis, Thomas Schlumprecht
备注：
25 pages; this submission contains a preliminary result that has appeared earlier in Section 6 of arXiv:1806.00702v2 (but does not appear in arXiv:1806.00702v3)
In this paper we provide several \emph{metric universality} results. We exhibit for certain classes $\cC$ of metric spaces, families of metric spaces $(M_i, d_i)_{i\in I}$ which have the property that a metric space $(X,d_X)$ in $\cC$ is coarsely, resp. Lipschitzly, universal for all spaces in $\cC$ if the collection of spaces $(M_i,d_i)_{i\in I}$ equi-coarsely, respectively equi-Lipschitzly, embeds into $(X,d_X)$. Such families are built as certain Schreier-type metric subsets of $\co$. We deduce a metric analog to Bourgain's theorem, which generalized Szlenk's theorem, and prove that a space which is coarsely universal for all separable reflexive asymptotic-$c_0$ Banach spaces is coarsely universal for all separable metric spaces. One of our coarse universality results is valid under Martin's Axiom and the negation of the Continuum Hypothesis. We discuss the strength of the universality statements that can be obtained without these additional set theoretic assumptions. In the second part of the paper, we study universality properties of Kalton's interlacing graphs. In particular, we prove that every finite metric space embeds almost isometrically in some interlacing graph of large enough diameter.
We introduce the notion of asymptotic coarse Lipschitz equivalence of metric spaces. We show that it is strictly weaker than coarse Lipschitz equivalence. We study its impact on the asymptotic dimension of metric spaces. Then we focus on Banach spaces. We prove that, for $2\leq p<\infty$, being linearly isomorphic to $\ell_p$ is stable under asymptotic coarse Lipschitz equivalences. Finally, we establish a version of the Gorelik principle in this setting and apply it to prove the stability of various properties of asymptotic uniform smoothness of Banach spaces under asymptotic coarse Lipschitz…
In 1994, Jan Pelant proved that a metric property related to the notion of paracompactness called the uniform Stone property characterizes a metric space's uniform embeddability into $c_0(κ)$ for some cardinality $κ$. In this paper it is shown that coarse Lipschitz embeddability of a metric space into $c_0(κ)$ can be characterized in a similar manner. It is also shown that coarse, uniform, and bi-Lipschitz embeddability into $c_0(κ)$ are equivalent notions for normed linear spaces.
We prove that the class of reflexive asymptotic-$c_0$ Banach spaces is coarsely rigid, meaning that if a Banach space $X$ coarsely embeds into a reflexive asymptotic-$c_0$ space $Y$, then $X$ is also reflexive and asymptotic-$c_0$. In order to achieve this result we provide a purely metric characterization of this class of Banach spaces. This metric characterization takes the form of a concentration inequality for Lipschitz maps on the Hamming graphs, which is rigid under coarse embeddings. Using an example of a quasi-reflexive asymptotic-$c_0$ space, we show that this concentration inequality…
We show that there exists a strong uniform embedding from any proper metric space into any Banach space without cotype. Then we prove a result concerning the Lipschitz embedding of locally finite subsets of $\mathcal{L}_{p}$-spaces. We use this locally finite result to construct a coarse bi-Lipschitz embedding for proper subsets of any $\mathcal{L}_p$-space into any Banach space $X$ containing the $\ell_p^n$'s. Finally using an argument of G. Schechtman we prove that for general proper metric spaces and for Banach spaces without cotype a converse statement holds.
It is well-known that a paracompact space X is of covering dimension n if and only if any map f from X to a simplicial complex K can be pushed into its n-skeleton. We use the same idea to define dimension in the coarse category. It turns out the analog of maps f from X to K is related to asymptotically Lipschitz maps, the analog of paracompact spaces are spaces related to Yu's Property A, and the dimension coincides with Gromov's asymptotic dimension.
We prove a quantitative version of the following statement. Given a Lipschitz function f from the k-dimensional unit cube into a general metric space, one can decomposed f into a finite number of BiLipschitz functions f|_{F_i} so that the k-Hausdorff content of f([0,1]^k\setminus \cup F_i) is small. We thus generalize a theorem of P. Jones (1988) from the setting of R^d to the setting of a general metric space. This positively answers problem 11.13 in ``Fractured Fractals and Broken Dreams" by G. David and S. Semmes, or equivalently, question 9 from ``Thirty-three yes or no questions about map…
We give lower bound estimates for the macroscopic scale of coarse differentiability of Lipschitz maps from a Carnot group with the Carnot-Carathéodory metric $(G,\dcc)$ to a few different classes of metric spaces. Using this result, we derive lower bound estimates for quantitative nonembeddability of Lipschitz embeddings of $G$ into a metric space $(X,d_X)$ if $X$ is either an Alexandrov space with nonpositive or nonnegative curvature, a superreflexive Banach space, or another Carnot group that does not admit a biLipschitz homomorphic embedding of $G$. For the same targets, we can further give…
The main result of this article is a rigidity result pertaining to the spreading model structure for Banach spaces coarsely embeddable into Tsirelson's original space $T^*$. Every Banach space that is coarsely embeddable into $T^*$ must be reflexive and all its spreading models must be isomorphic to $c_0$. Several important consequences follow from our rigidity result. We obtain a coarse version of an influential theorem of Tsirelson: $T^*$ does not coarsely contain $c_0$ nor $\ell_p$ for $p\in[1,\infty)$. We show that there is no infinite dimensional Banach space that coarsely embeds into eve…
We prove that not every metric space embeds coarsely into an Alexandrov space of nonpositive curvature. This answers a question of Gromov (1993) and is in contrast to the fact that any metric space embeds coarsely into an Alexandrov space of nonnegative curvature, as shown by Andoni, Naor and Neiman (2015). We establish this statement by proving that a metric space which is $q$-barycentric for some $q\in [1,\infty)$ has metric cotype $q$ with sharp scaling parameter. Our proof utilizes nonlinear (metric space-valued) martingale inequalities and yields sharp bounds even for some classical Banac…
For $p\in (1,\infty)$ let $\mathscr{P}_p(\mathbb{R}^3)$ denote the metric space of all $p$-integrable Borel probability measures on $\mathbb{R}^3$, equipped with the Wasserstein $p$ metric $\mathsf{W}_p$. We prove that for every $\varepsilon>0$, every $θ\in (0,1/p]$ and every finite metric space $(X,d_X)$, the metric space $(X,d_{X}^θ)$ embeds into $\mathscr{P}_p(\mathbb{R}^3)$ with distortion at most $1+\varepsilon$. We show that this is sharp when $p\in (1,2]$ in the sense that the exponent $1/p$ cannot be replaced by any larger number. In fact, for arbitrarily large $n\in \mathbb{N}$ there …
Let $p\in[1,\infty]$ and $F:\mathbf{Set}\to\mathbf{Set}$ be a functor with finite supports in the category $\mathbf{Set}$ of sets. Given a non-empty metric space $(X,d_X)$, we introduce the distance $d^p_{FX}$ on the functor-space $FX$ as the largest distance such that for every $n\in\mathbb N$ and $a\in Fn$ the map $X^n\to FX$, $f\mapsto Ff(a)$, is non-expanding with respect to the $\ell^p$-metric $d^p_{X^n}$ on $X^n$. We prove that the distance $d^p_{FX}$ is a pseudometric if and only if the functor $F$ preserves singletons; $d^p_{FX}$ is a metric if $F$ preserves singletons and one of the f…
We show that if $X$ and $Y$ are uniformly locally finite metric spaces whose uniform Roe algebras, $\cstu(X)$ and $\cstu(Y)$, are isomorphic as \cstar-algebras, then $X$ and $Y$ are coarsely equivalent metric spaces. Moreover, we show that coarse equivalence between $X$ and $Y$ is equivalent to Morita equivalence between $\cstu(X)$ and $\cstu(Y)$. As an application, we obtain that if $Γ$ and $Λ$ are finitely generated groups, then the crossed products $\ell_\infty(Γ)\rtimes_rΓ$ and $ \ell_\infty(Λ)\rtimes_rΛ$ are isomorphic if and only if $Γ$ and $Λ$ are bi-Lipschitz equivalent.
We show that if the Szlenk index of a Banach space $X$ is larger than the first infinite ordinal $ω$ or if the Szlenk index of its dual is larger than $ω$, then the tree of all finite sequences of integers equipped with the hyperbolic distance metrically embeds into $X$. We show that the converse is true when $X$ is assumed to be reflexive. As an application, we exhibit new classes of Banach spaces that are stable under coarse-Lipschitz embeddings and therefore under uniform homeomorphisms.
We observe that embeddings into random metrics can be fruitfully used to study the $L_1$-embeddability of lamplighter graphs or groups, and more generally lamplighter metric spaces. Once this connection has been established, several new upper bound estimates on the $L_1$-distortion of lamplighter metrics follow from known related estimates about stochastic embeddings into dominating tree-metrics. For instance, every lamplighter metric on a $n$-point metric space embeds bi-Lipschitzly into $L_1$ with distortion $O(\log n)$. In particular, for every finite group $G$ the lamplighter group $H = \m…
In this paper we define and study a notion of discrete homology theory for metric spaces. Instead of working with simplicial homology, our chain complexes are given by Lipschitz maps from an $n$-dimensional cube to a fixed metric space. We prove that the resulting homology theory verifies a discrete analogue of the Eilenberg-Steenrod axioms, and prove a discrete analogue of the Mayer-Vietoris exact sequence. Moreover, this discrete homology theory is related to the discrete homotopy theory of a metric space through a discrete analogue of the Hurewicz theorem. We study the class of groups that …
