We study the splitting of the Goodwillie towers of functors in various settings. In particular, we produce splitting criteria for functors $F: \A \to M_A$ from a pointed category with coproducts to $A$-modules in terms of differentials of $F$. Here $A$ is a commutative $S$-algebra. We specialize to the case when $\A$ is the category of $\a$-algebras for an operad $\a$ and $F$ is the forgetful functor, and derive milder splitting conditions in terms of the derivative of $F$. In addition, we describe how triples induce operads, and prove that, roughly speaking, a triple $T$ is naturally equivalent to the product of its Goodwillie layers if and only if it is an algebra over its induced operad.
In the theory of operads we consider functors of generalized symmetric powers defined by sums of coinvariant modules under actions of symmetric groups. One observes classically that the construction of symmetric functors provides an isomorphism from the category of symmetric modules to a subcategory of the category of functors on the base category. The purpose of this book is to obtain a similar relationship for functors on a category of algebras over an operad. We observe that right modules over operads, symmetric modules equipped with a right operad action, give rise to functors on categorie…
In this paper, we give a description of polynomial functors from (finitely generated free) groups to abelian groups in terms of non-linear Mackey functors generalizing those given in a paper of Baues-Dreckmann-Franjou-Pirashvili published in 2001. This description is a consequence of our two main results: a description of functors from (fi nitely generated free) P-algebras (for P a set-operad) to abelian groups in terms of non-linear Mackey functors and the isomorphism between polynomial functors on (finitely generated free) monoids and those on (finitely generated free) groups. Polynomial fun…
Let F be a homotopy functor with values in the category of spectra. We show that partially stabilized cross-effects of F have an action of a certain operad. For functors from based spaces to spectra, it is the Koszul dual of the little discs operad. For functors from spectra to spectra it is a desuspension of the commutative operad. It follows that the Goodwillie derivatives of F are a right module over a certain `pro-operad'. For functors from spaces to spectra, the pro-operad is a resolution of the topological Lie operad. For functors from spectra to spectra, it is a resolution of the trivia…
We study the subcategory of topological operads $P$ such that $P(0) = *$ (the category of unitary operads in our terminology). We use that this category inherits a model structure, like the category of all operads in topological spaces, and that the embedding functor of this subcategory of unitary operads into the category of all operads admits a left Quillen adjoint. We prove that the derived functor of this left Quillen adjoint functor induces a left inverse of the derived functor of our category embedding at the homotopy category level. We deduce from this result that the derived mapping sp…
We consider the endomorphism operad of a functor, which is roughly the object of natural transformations from (monoidal) powers of that functor to itself. There are many examples from geometry, topology, and algebra where this object has already been implicitly studied. We ask whether the endomorphism operad of the forgetful functor from algebras over an operad to the ground category recovers that operad. The answer is positive for operads in vector spaces over an infinite field, but negative both in vector spaces over finite fields and in sets. Several examples are computed.
Motivated by calculations of motivic homotopy groups, we give widely attained conditions under which operadic algebras and modules thereof are preserved under (co)localization functors
Using functional equations, we define functors that generalize standard examples from calculus of one variable. Examples of such functors are discussed and their Taylor towers are computed. We also show that these functors factor through objects enriched over the homology of little $n$-cubes operads and discuss the relationship between functors defined via functional equations and operads. In addition, we compute the differentials of the forgetful functor from the category of $n$-Poisson algebras in terms of the homology of configuration spaces.
We develop further the theory of operads and analytic functors. In particular, we introduce a bicategory that has operads as 0-cells, operad bimodules as 1-cells and operad bimodule maps as 2-cells, and prove that this bicategory is cartesian closed. In order to obtain this result, we extend the theory of distributors and the formal theory of monads.
We study the structure possessed by the Goodwillie derivatives of a pointed homotopy functor of based topological spaces. These derivatives naturally form a bimodule over the operad consisting of the derivatives of the identity functor. We then use these bimodule structures to give a chain rule for higher derivatives in the calculus of functors, extending that of Klein and Rognes. This chain rule expresses the derivatives of FG as a derived composition product of the derivatives of F and G over the derivatives of the identity. There are two main ingredients in our proofs. Firstly, we construct…
We prove that for a topological operad $P$ the operad of oriented cubical chains, $C^{ord}_\ast(P)$, and the operad of singular chains, $S_\ast(P)$, are weakly equivalent. As a consequence, $C^{ord}_\ast(P;\mathbb{Q})$ is formal if and only if $S_\ast(P;\mathbb{Q})$ is formal, thus linking together some formality results spread in the literature. The proof is based on an acyclic models theorem for monoidal functors. We give different variants of the acyclic models theorem and apply the contravariant case to study the cohomology theories for simplicial sets defined by $R$-simplicial differentia…
We develop an alternative to the May-Thomason construction used to compare operad based infinite loop machines to that of Segal, which relies on weak products. Our construction has the advantage that it can be carried out in $Cat$, whereas their construction gives rise to simplicial categories. As an application we show that a simplicial algebra over a $Σ$-free $Cat$ operad $\mathcal{O}$ is functorially weakly equivalent to a $Cat$ algebra over $\mathcal{O}$. When combined with the results of a previous paper, this allows us to conclude that up to weak equivalences the category of $\mathcal{O}…
The goal of this paper is to furnish a literature on Goodwillie calculus for functors defined between categories which derive from chain complexes over a ground field $\Bbbk.$ We characterize homogeneous functors $F: \mathcal{C} \longrightarrow \mathcal{D}$ where $\mathcal{C} ,\mathcal{D}= Ch$ (chain complexes), $Ch_+$(non-negatively graded chain complexes) or $\text{Alg}_\mathcal{O}$ (algebras over a chain complex operad $\mathcal{O}$). In the particular case when $\mathcal{D}= \text{Alg}_\mathcal{O},$ our characterization requires $\Bbbk$ to be of characteristics $0.$ We are then extending t…
We describe a category of undirected graphs which comes equipped with a faithful functor into the category of (colored) modular operads. The associated singular functor from modular operads to presheaves is fully faithful, and its essential image can be classified by a Segal condition. This theorem can be used to recover a related statement, due to André Joyal and Joachim Kock, concerning a larger category of undirected graphs whose functor to modular operads is not just faithful but also full.
Let M be a smooth manifold and V a Euclidean space. Let Ebar(M,V) be the homotopy fiber of the map from Emb(M,V) to Imm(M,V). This paper is about the rational homology of Ebar(M,V). We study it by applying embedding calculus and orthogonal calculus to the bi-functor (M,V) |--> HQ /\Ebar(M,V)_+. Our main theorem states that if the dimension of V is more than twice the embedding dimension of M, the Taylor tower in the sense of orthogonal calculus (henceforward called ``the orthogonal tower'') of this functor splits as a product of its layers. Equivalently, the rational homology spectral sequence…
The derivatives of the identity functor on spaces in Goodwillie calculus forms an operad in spectra. Antolin-Camarena computed the mod 2 homology of free algebras over this operad for 1-connected spectra. In this present paper we carry out similar computations for mod p homology for odd primes p.
It is well known that the forgetful functor from symmetric operads to nonsymmetric operads has a left adjoint $Sym_1$ given by product with the symmetric group operad. It is also well known that this functor does not affect the category of algebras of the operad. From the point of view of the author's theory of higher operads, the nonsymmmetric operads are 1-operads and $Sym_1$ is the first term of the infinite series of left adjoint functors $Sym_n,$ called symmetrisation functors, from $n$-operads to symmetric operads with the property that the category of one object, one arrow, . . ., one $…
We prove two theorems about Goodwillie calculus and use those theorems to describe new models for Goodwillie derivatives of functors between pointed compactly-generated infinity-categories. The first theorem say that the construction of higher derivatives for spectrum-valued functors is a Day convolution of copies of the first derivative construction. The second theorem says that the derivatives of any functor can be realized as natural transformation objects for derivatives of spectrum-valued functors. Together these results allow us to construct an infinity-operad that models the derivatives…
The functor between operadic algebras given by restriction along an operad map generally has a left adjoint. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the restriction functor to admit a right adjoint. The condition is a factorization axiom which roughly says that operations in the codomain operad can be written essentially uniquely as operations in arity one followed by operations in the domain operad.
In this article is studied the construction of free operads functor, for the symmetric and non-symmetric case. In order to do this, the operads are seen as monoids on the differential graded modules category. In the last part we show some properties between the associated functors of this construction that may help to better understand the mechanism in this process.
We show that a profinite completion functor for (simplicial or topological) operads with good homotopical properties can be constructed as a left Quillen functor from an appropriate model category of infinity-operads to a certain model category of profinite infinity-operads. The construction is based on a notion of lean infinity-operad, and we characterize those infinity-operads weakly equivalent to lean ones in terms of homotopical finiteness properties. Several variants of the construction are also discussed, such as the cases of unital (or closed) infinity-operads and of infinity-categories…
We study a connection between mapping spaces of bimodules and of infinitesimal bimodules over an operad. As main application and motivation of our work, we produce an explicit delooping of the manifold calculus tower associated to the space of smooth maps $D^{m}\rightarrow D^{n}$ of discs, $n\geq m$, avoiding any given multisingularity and coinciding with the standard inclusion near $\partial D^{m}$. In particular, we give a new proof of the delooping of the space of disc embeddings in terms of little discs operads maps with the advantage that it can be applied to more general mapping spaces.
In this paper, we describe a general theory of modules over an algebra over an operad. We also study functors between categories of modules. Specializing to the operad E_d of little d-dimensional disks, we show that each (d-1)-manifold gives rise to a theory of modules over E_d-algebras and each bordism gives rise to a functor from the category defined by its incoming boundary to the category defined by its outgoing boundary. We describe how to assemble these categories into a map from a certain operad to the operad of (infinity)-categories.
It was shown in a recent paper by Boavida de Brito and Weiss that a well-known construction which to a plain (=monochromatic) topological operad associates a topological category and a functor from it to the category of finite sets is homotopically fully faithful, under mild conditions on the operads. The main result here is a generalization of that statement to k-truncated plain topological operads. A k-truncated operad is a weaker version of operad where all operations have arity at most k.
We use Lurie's symmetric monoidal envelope functor to give two new descriptions of $\infty$-operads: as certain symmetric monoidal $\infty$-categories whose underlying symmetric monoidal $\infty$-groupoids are free, and as certain symmetric monoidal $\infty$-categories equipped with a symmetric monoidal functor to finite sets (with disjoint union as tensor product). The latter leads to a third description of $\infty$-operads, as a localization of a presheaf $\infty$-category, and we use this to give a simple proof of the equivalence between Lurie's and Barwick's models for $\infty$-operads.
We show that topological Quillen homology of algebras and modules over operads in symmetric spectra can be calculated by realizations of simplicial bar constructions. Working with several model category structures, we give a homotopical proof after showing that certain homotopy colimits in algebras and modules over operads can be easily understood. A key result here, which lies at the heart of this paper, is showing that the forgetful functor commutes with certain homotopy colimits. We also prove analogous results for algebras and modules over operads in unbounded chain complexes.
The normalized cochain complex of a simplicial set N^*(Y) is endowed with the structure of an E_{infinity} algebra. More specifically, we prove in a previous article that N^*(Y) is an algebra over the Barratt-Eccles operad. According to M. Mandell, under reasonable completeness assumptions, this algebra structure determines the homotopy type of Y. In this article, we construct a model of the mapping space Map(X,Y). For that purpose, we extend the formalism of Lannes' T functor in the framework of E_{infinity} algebras. Precisely, in the category of algebras over the Barratt-Eccles operad, we h…
The goal of the present paper is to compare, in a precise way, two notions of operads up to homotopy which appear in the literature. Namely, we construct a functor from the category of strict unital homotopy colored operads to the category of infinity-operads. The former notion, that we make precise, is the operadic generalization of the notion of A-infinity-categories and the latter notion was defined by Moerdijk--Weiss in order to generalize the simplicial notion of infinity-category of Joyal--Lurie. This functor extends in two directions the simplicial nerve of Faonte--Lurie for A-infinity-…
In these proceedings we summarize previous work where we formalize a general concept of algebraic field theories using operads. After giving a gentle reminder of algebraic quantum field theory, operads and their algebras, we construct field theory operads, whose algebras are exactly algebraic field theories. Specifically, they satisfy a suitable version of the Einstein causality axiom. From this construction we get adjunctions between different types of field theories, including adjunctions related to local-to-global extensions and the time-slice axiom, and a quantization functor for linear fi…
We construct for every $\infty$-operad $\mathcal{O}^\otimes$ with certain finite limits new $\infty$-operads of spectrum objects and of commutative group objects in $\mathcal{O}$. We show that these are the universal stable resp. additive $\infty$-operads obtained from $\mathcal{O}^\otimes$. We deduce that for a stably (resp. additively) symmetric monoidal $\infty$-category $\mathcal{C}$ the Yoneda embedding factors through the $\infty$-category of exact, contravariant functors from $\mathcal{C}$ to the $\infty$-category of spectra (resp. connective spectra) and admits a certain multiplicative…
We endow the category of bialgebras over a pair of operads in distribution with a cofibrantly generated model category structure. We work in the category of chain complexes over a field of characteristic zero. We split our construction in two steps. In the first step, we equip coalgebras over an operad with a cofibrantly generated model category structure. In the second one we use the adjunction between bialgebras and coalgebras via the free algebra functor. This result allows us to do classical homotopical algebra in various categories such as associative bialgebras, Lie bialgebras or Poisson…
We describe a cooperad structure on the simplicial bar construction on a reduced operad of based spaces or spectra and, dually, an operad structure on the cobar construction on a cooperad. We also show that if the homology of the original operad (respectively, cooperad) is Koszul, then the homology of the bar (respectively, cobar) construction is the Koszul dual. We use our results to construct an operad structure on the partition poset models for the Goodwillie derivatives of the identity functor on based spaces and show that this induces the `Lie' operad structure on the homology groups of t…
We prove that Leibniz homology of Lie algebras can be described as functor homology in the category of linear functors from a category associated to the Lie operad.
The aim of this paper is three-fold: (i) we construct a naturally occurring highly homotopy coherent operad structure on the derivatives of the identity functor on structured ring spectra which can be described as algebras over an operad $\mathcal{O}$ in spectra, (ii) we prove that every connected $\mathcal{O}$-algebra has a naturally occurring left action of the derivatives of the identity, and (iii) we show that there is a naturally occurring weak equivalence of highly homotopy coherent operads between the derivatives of the identity on $\mathcal{O}$-algebras and the operad $\mathcal{O}$. Al…
Let V be a cofibrantly generated monoidal model category and let M be a monoidal V-model category. Given a cofibrant C-coloured operad P in V, we give sufficient conditions for the fibrant replacement and cofibrant replacement functors in M^C to preserve P-algebra structures. In particular, we show how P-algebra structures can be transferred along derived Quillen adjunctions of monoidal V-model categories, and we apply this result to the Quillen adjunctions defined by enriched Bousfield localizations and colocalizations on M. As an application, we prove that in the category of symmetric spectr…
For $\mathcal{O}$ a reduced operad, a generalized divergence from the derivations of a free $\mathcal{O}$-algebra to a suitable trace space is constructed. In the case of the Lie operad, this corresponds to Satoh's trace map and, for the associative operad, to the double divergence of Alekseev, Kawazumi, Kuno and Naef. The generalized divergence is shown to be a $1$-cocycle for the usual Lie algebra structure on derivations. These results place the previous constructions into a unified framework; moreover, they are natural with respect to the operad. An important new ingredient is the use of n…
This paper describes a consequence of the more general results of a previous paper which is of independent interest. We construct a functor from the category of dendroidal sets, which models the theory of infinity-operads, into the category of E-infinity-spaces. Applying May's infinite loop space machine for E-infinity-spaces then gives an infinite loop space machine for infinity-operads. We show that our machine exhibits the homotopy theory of E-infinity-spaces as a localization of the homotopy theory of infinity-operads.
Let M be a bicomplete, closed symmetric monoidal category. Let P be an operad in M, i.e., a monoid in the category of symmetric sequences of objects in M, with its composition monoidal structure. Let R be a P-co-ring, i.e., a comonoid in the category of P-bimodules. The co-ring R induces a natural ``fattening'' of the category of P-(co)algebras, expanding the morphism sets while leaving the objects fixed. Co-rings over operads are thus ``relative operads,'' parametrizing morphisms as operads parametrize (co)algebras. Let A denote the associative operad in the category of chain complexes. We de…
We extend Thomason's homotopy colimit construction in the category of permutative categories to categories of algebras over an arbitrary $\Cat$ operad and analyze its properties. We then use this homotopy colimit to prove that the classifying space functor induces an equivalence between the category of $n$-fold monoidal categories and the category of $\mathcal{C}_n$-spaces after formally inverting certain classes of weak equivalences, where $\mathcal{C}_n$ is the little $n$-cubes operad. As a consequence we obtain an equivalence of the categories of $n$-fold monoidal categories and the categor…
We construct a localization for operads with respect to one-ary operations based on the Dwyer-Kan hammock localization. For an operad O and a sub-monoid of one-ary operations W we associate an operad LO and a canonical map O to LO which takes elements in W to homotopy invertible operations. Furthermore, we give a functor from the category of O-algebras to the category of LO-algebras satisfying an appropriate universal property.
The aim of this article is to define and study a notion of unstable algebra over an operad that generalises the classical notion of unstable algebra over the Steenrod algebra. For this study we focus on the case of characteristic 2. We define $\star$-unstable $\mathcal P$-algebras, where $\mathcal P$ is an operad and $\star$ is a commutative binary operation in $\mathcal P$. We then build a functor that takes an unstable module $M$ to the free $\star$-unstable $\mathcal P$-algebra generated by $M$. Under some hypotheses on $\star$ and on $M$, we identify this unstable algebra as a free $\mathc…
The Goodwillie derivatives of the identity functor on pointed spaces form an operad in spectra. Adapting a definition of Behrens, we introduce mod 2 homology operations for algebras over this operad and prove these operations account for all the mod 2 homology of free algebras on suspension spectra of simply-connected spaces.
