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arXiv 2409.01101cond-mat.mtrl-scicond-mat.other
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高效晶体硅太阳能电池的表征与优化

Characterization and optimization of high-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells

V. P. Kostylyov, A. V. Sachenko, M. Evstigneev, I. O. Sokolovskyi, A. I. Shkrebtii

AI总结:

本文针对高效单晶硅太阳能电池,提出基于吸收边附近外量子效率参数化的解析表征与优化理论,纳入激子Auger复合和空间电荷区复合,实现对电池厚度和掺杂水平的进一步优化并提升光电转换效率。

摘要:

由于硅基太阳能电池(SCs)在实验室条件下的光转换效率 $η$ 正接近理论基本极限,进一步提升其性能需要通过理论建模和/或数值模拟来优化太阳能电池的参数与设计。本文描述了现有针对基于单晶硅(c-Si)——光伏领域的主导材料——的高效太阳能电池关键参数进行建模与优化的数值方法。研究表明,除了通常考虑的四种复合过程,即Shockley-Read-Hall复合、表面复合、辐射复合和带间Auger复合机制外,还必须纳入非辐射激子Auger复合以及空间电荷区(SCR)中的复合。为了建立解析的太阳能电池表征形式体系,我们提出了一个简单表达式来模拟吸收边附近光电流随波长变化的外量子效率(EQE)。基于这一参数化方法,所发展的理论能够计算并优化依赖于基区厚度的短路电流、开路电压以及太阳能电池的光转换效率。我们证明了该优化太阳能电池参数(尤其是其厚度和基区掺杂水平)的方法是准确的,并针对文献中报道的两种Si太阳能电池进行了演示,其中一种效率为26.7%,另一种具有26.81%的创纪录效率。结果表明,所建立的形式体系能够进一步优化太阳能电池的厚度和掺杂水平,从而将太阳能电池效率提升至更高数值。

英文摘要:

Since the photoconversion efficiency $η$ of the silicon-based solar cells (SCs) under laboratory conditions is approaching the theoretical fundamental limit, further improvement of their performance requires theoretical modeling and/or numerical simulation to optimize the SCs parameters and design. The existing numerical approaches to modeling and optimization of the key parameters of high-efficiency solar cells based on monocrystalline silicon (c-Si), the dominant material in photovoltaics, are described. It is shown that, in addition to the four usually considered recombination processes, namely, Shockley-Read-Hall, surface, radiative, and band-to-band Auger recombination mechanisms, the non-radiative exciton Auger recombination and recombination in the space charge region (SCR) have to be included. To develop the analytical SC characterization formalism, we proposed a simple expression to model the wavelength-dependent external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the photocurrent near the absorption edge. Based on this parameterization, the theory developed allows for calculating and optimizing the base thickness-dependent short-circuit current, the open-circuit voltage, and the SC photoconversion efficiency. We proved that the approach to optimize the solar cell parameters, especially its thickness and the base doping level, is accurate and demonstrated for the two Si solar cells reported in the literature, one with an efficiency of 26.7 % and the other with the record efficiency of 26.81 %. It is shown that the formalism developed allows further optimization of the solar cell thickness and doping level, thus increasing the SC efficiency to an even higher value.

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