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arXiv 1401.7795cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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非晶态和晶态硅中Li、Na和Mg储存能量学的比较计算研究

Comparative Computational Study of the Energetics of Li, Na, and Mg Storage in Amorphous and Crystalline Silicon

Fleur Legrain, Oleksandr I. Malyi, Sergei Manzhos

摘要:

为了评估非晶Si(a-Si)作为Li、Na和Mg离子电池的阳极的潜力,从第一性原理计算a-Si中的Li、Na和Mg原子的能量,并将其与晶体Si(c-Si)中的能量进行比较。结果表明,Si非晶化提高了阳极的平均电压,减小了金属原子插入时阳极的体积膨胀。计算的形成能量的Li,Na和Mg的缺陷在a-Si和c-Si的分析表明,能量的单原子进入a-Si的是更有利的。例如,a-Si中的Li、Na和Mg缺陷的缺陷形成能与c-Si中的缺陷形成能相比分别低0.71、1.72和1.82 eV。此外,在a-Si中的Li、Na和Mg缺陷(相对于真空参考态)的缺陷形成能与金属内聚能相当,因此通过适当控制充电过程,金属原子的插入是可能的。这与c-Si相反,其中Na和Mg原子的存储由于Na和Mg插入c-Si的高能量成本而受到限制。

英文摘要:

To assess the potential of amorphous Si (a-Si) as an anode for Li, Na, and Mg-ion batteries, the energetics of Li, Na, and Mg atoms in a-Si are computed from first-principles and compared to those in crystalline Si (c-Si). It is shown that Si preamorphization increases the average anode voltage and reduces the volume expansion of the anode during the insertion of the metal atoms. Analysis of computed formation energies of Li, Na, and Mg defects in a-Si and c-Si suggests that the energetics of the single atoms into a-Si are thermodynamically more favorable. For instance, defect formation energies of Li, Na, and Mg defects in a-Si are respectively 0.71, 1.72, and 1.82 eV lower compared to those in c-Si. Moreover, the defect formation energies of Li, Na, and Mg defects (vs. vacuum reference states) in a-Si are comparable with the metal cohesive energies and consequently the insertion of the metal atoms might be possible with appropriate control of charging process. This is in contrast to c-Si, where the storage of Na and Mg atoms is limited due to high energy cost of Na and Mg insertion into c-Si.

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