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平面整数格有限子集的友好路径. I

Friendly paths for finite subsets of plane integer lattice. I

Giedrius Alkauskas

AI总结:

本文研究了平面整数格上有限点集的友好路径,证明了不存在友好路径的不可分离点集的存在性,并解决了《美国数学月刊》中的问题 11484(b)*。

摘要:

对于平面整数格 Z^2 的给定有限子集 P,一条友好路径是一条单调(上坡或下坡)的格路径,它将点集平分为两半;落在路径本身上的点被丢弃。本文(及其续篇)的目的是完整描述 Z^2 中所有不允许友好路径的 n 点配置。我们称这样的 n 点集为不可分离的。在格对称性意义下,这样的集合恰好有 c(n) 个。若仅考虑格平移,则有 ĉ(n) 个。这两个序列都是 OEIS 中的新条目(分别为 A369382 和 A367783)。特别地,n=27 是第一个满足 c(n)=1 的奇数。此前没有已知的例子。这解决了《美国数学月刊》(2010 年 2 月)中提出的问题 11484(b)*。在本文中,我们还证明了对于所有偶数 n≥12 以及几乎所有奇数 n,都存在不可分离的 n 点集。

英文摘要:

For a given finite subset P of points of the lattice Z^2, a friendly path is a monotone (uphill or downhill) lattice path which splits points in half; points lying on the path itself are discarded. The purpose of this paper (and its sequel) is to fully describe all configurations of n points in Z^2 which do not admit a friendly path. We say that such an n-set is inseparable. There are, up to the lattice symmetry, exactly c(n) such sets. If only lattice shifts are counted, there are ĉ(n) of them. Both sequences are new entries into OEIS (A369382 and, respectively, A367783). In particular, n=27 is the first odd numbers with c(n)=1. No example was known so far. This solves problem 11484(b)* posed in American Mathematical Monthly (February 2010). In this paper we also show that inseparable n-set exist for all even numbers n>=12 and almost all odd numbers.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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