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arXiv 2201.06853cs.AR
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VAR-DRAM:一个有效的动态随机存取存储器设计的可变感知框架

VAR-DRAM: Variation-Aware Framework for Efficient Dynamic Random Access Memory Design

Kaustav Goswami, Hemanta Kumar Mondal, Shirshendu Das, Dip Sankar Banerjee

摘要:

动态随机存取存储器(DRAM)是主存储器设备的事实上的选择,由于其成本效益。与SRAM相比,它提供了更大的容量和更高的带宽,但比后者慢。随着每一代人的过去,DRAM的密度越来越大。其副作用之一是标称参数的偏差:工艺、电压和温度。DRAM通常被认为是系统的瓶颈,因为它在性能与容量之间进行权衡。由于这种固有的限制,进一步偏离标称规格是不希望的。在本文中,我们调查的影响,在传统的DRAM设备的性能,可靠性和能源需求方面的变化。基于这项研究,我们建立了一个变化感知框架,称为VAR-DRAM,针对现代DRAM设备。它通过考虑变化来提供增强的电源管理。VAR-DRAM确保程序的更快执行,因为它在内部将数据从受变化影响的单元重新映射到正常单元,并确保数据保存。在广泛的实验中,我们发现VAR-DRAM实现了高达48.8%的峰值节能,DDR4存储器的平均节能率为29.54%,同时与受变化影响的设备相比,DRAM的访问延迟提高了7.4%。

英文摘要:

Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) is the de-facto choice for main memory devices due to its cost-effectiveness. It offers a larger capacity and higher bandwidth compared to SRAM but is slower than the latter. With each passing generation, DRAMs are becoming denser. One of its side-effects is the deviation of nominal parameters: process, voltage, and temperature. DRAMs are often considered as the bottleneck of the system as it trades off performance with capacity. With such inherent limitations, further deviation from nominal specifications is undesired. In this paper, we investigate the impact of variations in conventional DRAM devices on the aspects of performance, reliability, and energy requirements. Based on this study, we model a variation-aware framework, called VAR-DRAM, targeted for modern-day DRAM devices. It provides enhanced power management by taking variations into account. VAR-DRAM ensures faster execution of programs as it internally remaps data from variation affected cells to normal cells and also ensures data preservation. On extensive experimentation, we find that VAR-DRAM achieves peak energy savings of up to 48.8% with an average of 29.54% on DDR4 memories while improving the access latency of the DRAM compared to a variation affected device by 7.4%.

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