arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 1610.09604cs.AR
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理解和利用现代DRAM芯片中的设计诱导延迟变化

Understanding and Exploiting Design-Induced Latency Variation in Modern DRAM Chips

Donghyuk Lee, Samira Khan, Lavanya Subramanian, Saugata Ghose, Rachata Ausavarungnirun, Gennady Pekhimenko, Vivek Seshadri, Onur Mutlu

摘要:

已经表明,在现代DRAM芯片内的单元之间存在变化。我们凭经验证明了一种新的形式的变化,存在于一个真正的DRAM芯片,在DRAM芯片中的不同组件的设计和放置引起的。我们的目标是了解设计引起的变化,存在于真实的,国家的最先进的DRAM芯片,利用它来开发低成本的机制,可以动态地找到和使用最低的延迟,在可靠地操作DRAM芯片,从而提高整体系统性能,同时确保可靠的系统操作。为此,我们首先通过实验证明和分析设计引起的变化,在现代DRAM设备的测试和表征96个DIBRATES(768 DRAM芯片)。我们的表征识别DRAM区域,容易出错,如果在较低的延迟操作,并发现其位置在给定的DRAM芯片代的一致性,由于设计引起的变化。基于我们广泛的实验分析,我们开发了两种机制,可靠地减少DRAM延迟。首先,DIVA分析使用运行时分析来动态地识别不引入故障的最低DRAM延迟。DIVA分析利用设计引起的变化,并定期分析脆弱的区域,以低成本确定最低的DRAM延迟。我们的第二个机制,DIVA洗牌,洗牌数据,使存储在脆弱的地区的值被映射到多个纠错码(ECC)码字。结合在一起,我们的两种机制将读/写延迟降低了40.0%/60.5%,这意味着在各种工作负载下,整体系统性能提高了14.7%/13.7%/13.8%(在2-/4-/8核系统中),同时确保了可靠的操作。

英文摘要:

Variation has been shown to exist across the cells within a modern DRAM chip. We empirically demonstrate a new form of variation that exists within a real DRAM chip, induced by the design and placement of different components in the DRAM chip. Our goals are to understand design-induced variation that exists in real, state-of-the-art DRAM chips, exploit it to develop low-cost mechanisms that can dynamically find and use the lowest latency at which to operate a DRAM chip reliably, and, thus, improve overall system performance while ensuring reliable system operation. To this end, we first experimentally demonstrate and analyze designed-induced variation in modern DRAM devices by testing and characterizing 96 DIMMs (768 DRAM chips). Our characterization identifies DRAM regions that are vulnerable to errors, if operated at lower latency, and finds consistency in their locations across a given DRAM chip generation, due to design-induced variation. Based on our extensive experimental analysis, we develop two mechanisms that reliably reduce DRAM latency. First, DIVA Profiling uses runtime profiling to dynamically identify the lowest DRAM latency that does not introduce failures. DIVA Profiling exploits design-induced variation and periodically profiles only the vulnerable regions to determine the lowest DRAM latency at low cost. Our second mechanism, DIVA Shuffling, shuffles data such that values stored in vulnerable regions are mapped to multiple error-correcting code (ECC) codewords. Combined together, our two mechanisms reduce read/write latency by 40.0%/60.5%, which translates to an overall system performance improvement of 14.7%/13.7%/13.8% (in 2-/4-/8-core systems) across a variety of workloads, while ensuring reliable operation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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