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arXiv 2104.01855physics.soc-ph
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观点动力学与集体决策

Opinion Dynamics and Collective Decisions

Jan Lorenz, Martin Neumann

摘要:

我们期望民主使我们能够利用集体智慧,使我们的集体决定建立和加强社会福利,并使我们接受其分配和规范后果。集体决策是通过集合个人偏好和判断的投票程序产生的。在此之前和之后,个人的偏好和判断会随着他们潜在的态度、价值观和观点在讨论和审议中的变化而变化。在大型群体中,这些动态自然超出了个体的范围,因此可能会显示出意想不到的自我驱动的宏观系统动态,遵循社会物理定律。另一方面,通过媒体、民意调查、政党或利益集团传播的汇总信息和偏好也在个人意见形成过程中发挥重要作用。此外,各行为体还能够根据即将举行的全民投票、选举或其他集体决定形成战略舆论。因此,观点动力学和集体决策不仅应该从社会选择、博弈论、政治和社会心理学的角度来研究,而且还应该从系统动力学和社会物理学的角度来研究。

英文摘要:

We expect that democracy enables us to utilize collective intelligence such that our collective decisions build and enhance social welfare, and such that we accept their distributive and normative consequences. Collective decisions are produced by voting procedures which aggregate individual preferences and judgments. Before and after, individual preferences and judgments change as their underlying attitudes, values, and opinions change through discussion and deliberation. In large groups, these dynamics naturally go beyond the scope of the individual and consequently might show unexpected self-driven macroscopic systems dynamics following socio-physical laws. On the other hand, aggregated information and preferences as communicated through media, polls, political parties, or interest groups, also play a large role in the individual opinion formation process. Further on, actors are also capable of strategic opinion formation in the light of a pending referendum, election or other collective decision. Opinion dynamics and collective decision should thus not only be tackled by social choice, game theory, political and social psychology, but also from a systems dynamics and sociophysics perspective.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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