We study the locally analytic vectors in the completed cohomology of modular curves and determine the eigenvectors of a rational Borel subalgebra of $\mathfrak{gl}_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)$. As applications, we prove a classicality result for overconvergent eigenforms of weight one and give a new proof of the Fontaine-Mazur conjecture in the irregular case under some mild hypotheses. For an overconvergent eigenform of weight $k$, we show its corresponding Galois representation has Hodge-Tate-Sen weights $0,k-1$ and prove a converse result.
This is a continuation of our previous work on the locally analytic vectors of the completed cohomology of modular curves. We construct differential operators on modular curves with infinite level at p in both "holomorphic" and "anti-holomorphic" directions. As applications, we reprove a classicality result of Emerton which says that every absolutely irreducible two dimensional Galois representation which is regular de Rham at p and appears in the completed cohomology of modular curves comes from an eigenform. Moreover we give a geometric description of the locally analytic representations of …
We study indefinite quaternion algebras over totally real fields F, and give an example of a cohomological construction of p-adic Jacquet-Langlands functoriality using completed cohomology. We also study the (tame) levels of p-adic automorphic forms on these quaternion algebras and give an analogue of Mazur's `level lowering' principle.
We construct a Taylor-Wiles system using a family of $p$-adically completed modular Jacobians over suitable Hecke algebras and prove that certain $p$-adically completed Mordell-Weil groups of these Jacobians is free of finite rank over a Hecke algebra.
We give a new proof of the slope classicality theorem in classical and higher Coleman theory for modular curves at arbitrary level using the completed cohomology classes attached to overconvergent modular forms. The latter give an embedding of the quotient of overconvergent modular forms by classical modular forms, which is the obstruction space for classicality in either cohomological degree, into a unitary representation of $\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)$. The $U_p$ operator becomes a double-coset, and unitarity yields the slope vanishing.
We describe an application of Poincaré duality for completed homology spaces (as defined by Emerton) to level raising for p-adic modular forms. This allows us to give a new description of the image of Chenevier's p-adic Jacquet-Langlands map between an eigencurve for a definite quaternion algebra and an eigencurve for GL(2). The points on the eigencurve at which we "raise the level" are (non-smooth) points of intersection between an "old" and a "new" component.
In this paper, we compare two different constructions of $p$-adic $L$-functions for modular forms and their relationship to Galois cohomology: one using Kato's Euler system and the other using Emerton's $p$-adically completed cohomology of modular curves. At a more technical level, we prove the equality of two elements of a local Iwasawa cohomology group, one arising from Kato's Euler system, and the other from the theory of modular symbols and $p$-adic local Langlands correspondence for $GL_2(\mathbb{Q}_p)$. We show that this equality holds even in the cases when the construction of $p$-adic …
The goal of this paper is to provide a complete and refined study of the standard $L$-functions $L(π,\operatorname{Std},s)$ for certain non-generic cuspidal automorphic representations $π$ of $G_2(\mathbb{A})$. For a cuspidal automorphic representation $π$ of $G_2(\mathbb{A})$ that corresponds to a modular form $φ$ of level one and of even weight on $G_2$, we explicitly define the completed standard $L$-function, $Λ(π,\operatorname{Std},s)$. Assuming that a certain Fourier coefficient of $φ$ is nonzero, we prove the functional equation $Λ(π,\operatorname{Std},s) = Λ(π,\operatorname{Std},1-s)$.…
We construct a $(\mathfrak{gl}_2, B(\mathbb{Q}_p))$ and Hecke-equivariant cup product pairing between overconvergent modular forms and the local cohomology at $0$ of a sheaf on $\mathbb{P}^1$, landing in the compactly supported completed $\mathbb{C}_p$-cohomology of the modular curve. The local cohomology group is a highest-weight Verma module, and the cup product is non-trivial on a highest weight vector for any overconvergent modular form of infinitesimal weight not equal to $1$. For classical weight $k\geq 2$, the Verma has an algebraic quotient $H^1(\mathbb{P}^1, \mathcal{O}(-k))$, and on …
We formulate a detailed conjectural Eichler-Shimura type formula for the cohomology of local systems on a Picard modular surface associated to the group of unitary similitudes $\mathrm{GU}(2,1,\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-3}))$. The formula is based on counting points over finite fields on curves of genus three which are cyclic triple covers of the projective line. Assuming the conjecture we are able to calculate traces of Hecke operators on spaces of Picard modular forms. We provide ample evidence for the conjectural formula. Along the way we prove new results on characteristic polynomials of Frobenius …
This is a report on a joint project in experimental mathematics with Jonas Bergström and Carel Faber where we obtain information about modular forms by counting curves over finite fields.
The aim of this paper is to extend some arithmetic results on elliptic modular forms to the case of Hilbert modular forms. Among these results let's mention : (1) the control of the image of the Galois representation modulo $p$, (2) Hida's congruence criterion outside an explicit set of primes $p$, and (3) the freeness of the integral cohomology of the Hilbert modular variety over certain local components of the Hecke algebra and the Gorenstein property of these local algebras. We study the arithmetic of the Hilbert modular forms by studying their modulo $p$ Galois representations and our main…
In this paper, we prove the Eichler cohomology theorem of weakly parabolic generalized modular forms of real weights on subgroups of finite index in the full modular group. We explicitly establish the isomorphism for large weights by constructing the map from the space of cusp forms to the cohomology group.
We construct bases for the spaces of higher order modular forms of all orders and weights. We also provide a cohomological interpretation of these forms.
Let $F$ be a totally real field in which $p$ is unramified. We prove that, if a cuspidal overconvergent Hilbert cuspidal form has small slopes under $U_p$-operators, then it is classical. Our method follows the original cohomological approach of Coleman. The key ingredient of the proof is giving an explicit description of the Goren-Oort stratification of the special fiber of the Hilbert modular variety. A byproduct of the proof is to show that, at least when $p$ is inert, of the rigid cohomology of the ordinary locus has the same image as the classical forms in the Grothendieck group of Hecke …
We describe extension classes arising in the $\ell$-adic and Hodge cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties, generalising results of Caspar to arbitrary dimensions. We show that this description is consistent with the "plectic conjectures" of Nekovář and the second author.
In this paper we show that Atkin and Swinnerton-Dyer type of congruences hold for weakly modular forms (modular forms that are permitted to have poles at cusps). Unlike the case of original congruences for cusp forms, these congruences are nontrivial even for congruence subgroups. On the way we provide an explicit interpretation of the de Rham cohomology groups associated to modular forms in terms of "differentials of the second kind". As an example, we consider the space of cusp forms of weight 3 on a certain genus zero quotient of Fermat curve X^N+Y^N=Z^N. We show that the Galois representat…
The aim of this article is to give a concise algebraic treatment of the modular symbols formalism, generalised from modular curves to Hecke triangle surfaces. A sketch is included of how the modular symbols formalism gives rise to the standard algorithms for the computation of holomorphic modular forms. Precise and explicit connections are established to the cohomology of Hecke triangle surfaces and group cohomology. In all the note a general commutative ring is used as coefficient ring in view of applications to the computation of modular forms over rings different from the complex numbers. T…
Let Gamma be a congruence subgroup of the Picard modular group of an imaginary number field k, and let D be the associated symmetric space. We describe a method to compute the integral cohomology of the locally symmetric space Gamma\D. The method is implemented for the case k=Q(i) and k=Q(sqrt(-3)), and the cohomology is computed for various Gamma.
Let $F$ be a totally real number field and let $p$ be a prime unramified in $F$. We prove the existence of Galois pseudo-representations attached to mod $p^m$ Hecke eigenclasses of paritious weight occurring in the coherent cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties for $F$ of level prime to $p$.
We prove the modularity for an algebraic space curve $Y$ of genus $50$ in $\mathbb{P}^5$, which consists of $21$ quartic polynomials in six variables, by means of an explicit modular parametrization by theta constants of order $13$. This provides an example of modularity, explicit uniformization and hyperbolic uniformization of arithmetic type for a higher genus algebraic space curve. In particular, it gives a new example for Hilbert's 22nd problem. This gives $21$ modular equations of order $13$, which greatly improve the result of Ramanujan and Evans on the construction of modular equations …
We propose an action of a certain motivic cohomology group on the coherent cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties, extending conjectures of Venkatesh, Prasanna, and Harris. The action is described in two ways: on cohomology modulo $p$ and over $\mathbb C$, and we conjecture that they both lift to an action on cohomology with integral coefficients. The conjecture is supported by theoretical evidence based on Stark's conjecture on special values of Artin $L$-functions, and by numerical evidence in base change cases.
Generalizing a result of \cite{Z1991, CPZ} about elliptic modular forms, we give a closed formula for the sum of all Hilbert Hecke eigenforms over a totally real number field with strict class number $1$, multiplied by their period polynomials, as a single product of the Kronecker series.
We compute the cohomology with compact supports of a Picard modular surface as a virtual module over the product of the appropriate Galois group and the appropriate Hecke algebra. We use the method developed by Ihara, Langlands, and Kottwitz: comparison of the Grothendieck-Lefschetz formula and the Arthur-Selberg trace formula. Our implementation of this method takes as its starting point the works of Laumon and Morel.
For N=5, 6 and 7, using the classification of perfect quadratic forms, we compute the homology of the Voronoi cell complexes attached to the modular groups SL_N(\Z) and GL_N(\Z). From this we deduce the rational cohomology of those groups.
While investigating the Doi-Naganuma lift, Zagier defined integral weight cusp forms $f_D$ which are naturally defined in terms of binary quadratic forms of discriminant $D$. It was later determined by Kohnen and Zagier that the generating function for the $f_D$ is a half-integral weight cusp form. A natural preimage of $f_D$ under a differential operator at the heart of the theory of harmonic weak Maass forms was determined by the first two authors and Kohnen. In this paper, we consider the modularity properties of the generating function of these preimages. We prove that although the generat…
We study the coherent cohomology of automorphic sheaves corresponding to Siegel modular forms $f$ of low weight on ${\rm GSp}(4)$ Shimura varieties. Inspired by the work of Prasanna--Venkatesh on singular cohomology of locally symmetric spaces, we propose a conjecture that explains all the contributions of a Hecke eigensystem to coherent cohomology in terms of the action of a motivic cohomology group. Under some technical conditions, we prove that our conjecture is equivalent to Beilinson's conjecture for the adjoint $L$-function of $f$. We also prove some unconditional results in special case…
Building on ideas of Vatsal, Cornut proved a conjecture of Mazur asserting the generic nonvanishing of Heegner points on an elliptic curve E as one ascends the anticyclotomic Z_p-extension of a quadratic imaginary extension K/Q. In the present article Cornut's result is extended by replacing the elliptic curve E with the Galois cohomology of Deligne's 2-dimensional l-adic representation attached to a modular form of weight 2k>2, and replacing the family of Heegner points with an analogous family of special cohomology classes.
We prove that the completed cohomology groups of SL_N(Z) in fixed degree stabilize as N goes to infinity. We also prove that the action of Hecke operators on stable cohomology is trivial, in a precisely defined sense.
We define a pro-$p$ Abelian sheaf on a modular curve of a fixed level $N \geq 5$ divisible by a prime number $p \neq 2$. Every $p$-adic representation of $\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$ associated to an eigenform is obtained as a quotient of its étale cohomology. For any compact $\mathbb{Z}_p[[1 + N \mathbb{Z}_p]]$-algebra $Λ_1$ satisfying certain suitable conditions, we construct a representation of $\text{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$ over $Λ_1$ associated to a $Λ_1$-adic cuspidal eigenform of finite slope as a scalar extension of a quotient of the étale cohomology.
We describe torsion classes in the first cohomology group of $\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$. In particular, we obtain generalized Dickson's invariants for p-power polynomial rings. Secondly, we describe torsion classes in the zero-th homology group of $\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{Z})$ as a module over the torsion invariants. As application, we obtain various congruences between cuspidal forms of level one and Eisenstein series.
We give an explicit conjectural formula for the motivic Euler characteristic of an arbitrary symplectic local system on the moduli space A_3 of principally polarized abelian threefolds. The main term of the formula is a conjectural motive of Siegel modular forms of a certain type; the remaining terms admit a surprisingly simple description in terms of the motivic Euler characteristics for lower genera. The conjecture is based on extensive counts of curves of genus three and abelian threefolds over finite fields. It provides a lot of new information about vector-valued Siegel modular forms of d…
In this article we prove conditions under which a certain parabolic group cohomology space over a finite field F is a faithful module for the Hecke algebra of Katz modular forms over an algebraic closure of F. These results can e.g. be used to compute Katz modular forms of weight one with methods of linear algebra over F. This is essentially Chapter 3 of my thesis.
For a totally real number field $F$ and a nonarchimedean prime $\mathfrak{p}$ of $F$ lying above a prime number $p$ we introduce certain sheaf cohomology groups that intertwine the $\mathfrak{p}^{\infty}$-tower of a quaternionic Hilbert modular variety associated to a quaternion algebra $D$ over $F$ that is split at $\mathfrak{p}$ and a $p$-adically admissible representation of $\mbox{PGL}_2(F_{\mathfrak{p}})$. Applied to infinitesimal $p$-adic deformations of the local factor at $\mathfrak{p}$ of a cuspidal automorphic representation $π$ of $D^*(\mathbb{A})$ this yields a natural construction…
Let F be a real quadratic field with ring of integers O and with class number 1. Let Gamma be a congruence subgroup of GL_2 (O). We describe a technique to compute the action of the Hecke operators on the cohomology H^3 (Gamma; C). For F real quadratic this cohomology group contains the cuspidal cohomology corresponding to cuspidal Hilbert modular forms of parallel weight 2. Hence this technique gives a way to compute the Hecke action on these Hilbert modular forms.
Let p be a prime number. The Hasse invariant is a modular form modulo p that is often used to produce congruences between modular forms of different weights. We show how to produce such congruences between forms of weights 2 and p+1, in terms of group cohomology. We also show how our method works in the contexts of quadratic imaginary fields (where there is no Hasse invariant available) and Hilbert modular forms over totally real fields of even degree.
Derived de Rham cohomology has been recently used in several contexts, as in works of Beilinson and Bhatt on p-adic periods morphisms and Morin on numerical invariants for special values of zeta functions. Inspired by some results of Morin, we aimed to compute Hodge completed derived de Rham complex in the case of a rings map $\mathbb{Z}\longrightarrow k$, factoring through $\mathbb{F}_p$, with $k$ a perfect ring (i.e. the Frobenius map is an automorphism).
We construct an integral model of the perfectoid modular curve. Studying this object, we prove some vanishing results for the coherent cohomology at perfectoid level. We use a local duality theorem at finite level to compute duals for the coherent cohomology of the integral perfectoid curve. Specializing to the structural sheaf, we can describe the dual of the completed cohomology as the inverse limit of the integral cusp forms of weight $2$ and trace maps.
In a paper published in 1959, Shimura presented an elegant calculation of the critical values of L-functions attached to elliptic modular forms using the first cohomology group. We will show that a similar calculation is possible for Hilbert modular forms over real quadratic fields using the second cohomology group. We present explicit numerical examples calculated by this method.
We construct an algebraic variety by resolving singularities of a quintic Calabi-Yau threefold. The middle cohomology of the threefold is shown to contain a piece coming from a pair of elliptic surfaces. The resulting quotient is a two-dimensional Galois representation. By using the Lefschetz fixed-point theorem in étale cohomology and counting points on the variety over finite fields, this Galois representation is shown to be modular.
For the group PSL(2,Z) it is known that there is an isomorphism between polynomial eigenfunctions of the transfer operator for the geodesic flow and the Eichler cohomology in the theory of modular forms. In a recent paper by Chang and Mayer it is indicated that such an isomorphism exists as well for certain subgroups of PSL(2,Z). We prove this and provide some evidence by computer aided algebraic calculations that such an isomorphism exists for all principal congruence subgroups and all congruence subgroups of Hecke type.
We provide a new and simple automorphic method using Eisenstein series to study the equidistribution of modular symbols modulo primes, which we apply to prove an average version of a conjecture of Mazur and Rubin. More precisely, we prove that modular symbols corresponding to a Hecke basis of weight 2 cusp forms are asymptotically jointly equidistributed mod $p$ while we allow restrictions on the location of the cusps. As an application, we obtain a residual equidistribution result for Dedekind sums. Furthermore, we calculate the variance of the distribution and show a surprising bias with con…
Let X be a noetherian scheme defined over an algebraically closed field of positive characteristic p, and G be a finite group, of order divisible by p, acting on X. We introduce a refinement of the equivariant K-theory of X to take into account the information related to modular representation theory. As an application, in the 1-dimensional case, we generalize a modular Riemann-Roch theorem given by S.Nakajima, extending the link between Galois modules and wild ramification.
We study the $Λ$-module structure of the ordinary parts of the arithmetic cohomology groups of modular Jacobians made out of various towers of modular curves. We prove that the ordinary parts of $Λ$-adic Selmer groups coming from two different towers have "almost same" $Λ$-module structures. We also prove the cotorsionness of $Λ$-adic Tate-Shafarevich group under mild assumptions.
We give a description of the maximally unramified extension of completed second Real Johnson-Wilson theory using supersingular elliptic curves with $Γ_0(3)$-level structures.
We study the cohomology of certain local systems on moduli spaces of principally polarized abelian surfaces with a level 2 structure. The trace of Frobenius on the alternating sum of the étale cohomology groups of these local systems can be calculated by counting the number of pointed curves of genus 2 with a prescribed number of Weierstrass points over the given finite field. This cohomology is intimately related to vector-valued Siegel modular forms. The corresponding scheme in level 1 was carried out in [FvdG]. Here we extend this to level 2 where new phenomena appear. We determine the cont…
