The aim of this paper is to extend some arithmetic results on elliptic modular forms to the case of Hilbert modular forms. Among these results let's mention : (1) the control of the image of the Galois representation modulo $p$, (2) Hida's congruence criterion outside an explicit set of primes $p$, and (3) the freeness of the integral cohomology of the Hilbert modular variety over certain local components of the Hecke algebra and the Gorenstein property of these local algebras.
We study the arithmetic of the Hilbert modular forms by studying their modulo $p$ Galois representations and our main tool is the action of the inertia groups at the primes above $p$. In order to determine this action, we compute the Hodge-Tate (resp. the Fontaine-Laffaille) weights of the $p$-adic (resp. the modulo $p$) etale cohomology of the
Hilbert modular variety. The cohomological part of our paper is inspired by the work of Mokrane, Polo and Tilouine on the cohomology of the Siegel modular varieties and builds upon the geometric constructions of math.NT/0212071 and math.NT/0212072.
We study Galois representations attached to nonsimple abelian varieties over finitely generated fields of arbitrary characteristic. We give sufficient conditions for such representations to decompose as a product, and apply them to prove arithmetical analogues of results shown by Moonen and Zarhin in the context of complex abelian varieties (of dimension at most 5).
This article starts a computational study of congruences of modular forms and modular Galois representations modulo prime powers. Algorithms are described that compute the maximum integer modulo which two monic coprime integral polynomials have a root in common in a sense that is defined. These techniques are applied to the study of congruences of modular forms and modular Galois representations modulo prime powers. Finally, some computational results with implications on the (non-)liftability of modular forms modulo prime powers and possible generalisations of level raising are presented.
We prove in this paper the Ax-Lindemann-Weierstrass theorem for all mixed Shimura varieties and discuss the lower bounds for Galois orbits of special points of mixed Shimura varieties. In particular we reprove a result of Silverberg in a different approach. Then combining these results we prove the André-Oort conjecture for any mixed Shimura variety whose pure part is a subvariety of A_6^n.
We study toric varieties over a field k that split in a Galois extension K/k using Galois cohomology with coefficients in the toric automorphism group. Part of this Galois cohomology fits into an exact sequence induced by the presentation of the class group of the toric variety. This perspective helps to compute the Galois cohomology, particularly for cyclic Galois groups. We use Galois cohomology to classify k-forms of projective spaces when K/k is cyclic, and we also study k-forms of surfaces.
We expand on Nekovář's construction of the plectic half transfer to define a plectic Galois action on Hilbert modular varieties. More precisely, we study in a unifying fashion Shimura varieties associated to groups that differ only in the centre from $R_{F/\mathbb{Q}}{\rm GL}_2$. We define plectic Galois actions on the CM points and on the set of connected components of these Shimura varieties, and show that these two actions are compatible. This extends the plectic conjecture of Nekovář--Scholl.
Given an elliptic curve $E/k$ and a Galois extension $k'/k$, we construct an exact functor from torsion-free modules over the endomorphism ring ${\rm End}(E_{k'})$ with a semilinear ${\rm Gal}(k'/k)$ action to abelian varieties over $k$ that are $k'$-isogenous to a power of $E$. As an application, we show that every elliptic curve with complex multiplication geometrically is isogenous over the ground field to one with complex multiplication by a maximal order.
We discuss the following two problems: 1) The properties of the multiple zeta-values and their generalizations, multiple polylogarithms at N-th roots of unity; 2) The action of the absolute Galois group on the pro-l-completion of the fundamental group of the projective line without zero, infinity, and all N-th roots of unity; and a surprising connection of these problems with the geometry and topology of modular varieties for GL_m.
In this work we provide a level raising theorem for $\mod λ^n$ modular Galois representations. It allows one to see such a Galois representation that is modular of level $N$, weight 2 and trivial Nebentypus as one that is modular of level $Np$, for a prime $p$ coprime to $N$, when a certain local condition at $p$ is satisfied. It is a generalization of a result of Ribet concerning $\mod \ell$ Galois representations.
This article surveys modularity, level raising and level lowering questions for two-dimensional representations modulo prime powers of the absolute Galois group of the rational numbers. It contributes some new results and describes algorithms and a database of modular forms orbits and higher congruences.
Let K be a number field and A an abelian variety over K. We are interested in the following conjecture of Morita: if the Mumford-Tate group of A does not contain unipotent Q-rational points then A has potentially good reduction at any discrete place of K. The Mumford-Tate group is an object of analytical nature whereas having good reduction is an arithmetical notion, linked to the ramification of Galois representations. This conjecture has been proved by Morita for particular abelian varieties with many endomorphisms (called of PEL type). Noot obtained results for abelian varieties without non…
Let $S$ be a Shimura variety with reflex field $E$. We prove that the action of $\operatorname{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/E)$ on $S$ maps special points to special points and special subvarieties to special subvarieties. Furthermore, the Galois conjugates of a special point all have the same complexity (as defined in the theory of unlikely intersections). These results follow from Milne and Shih's construction of canonical models of Shimura varieties, based on a conjecture of Langlands which was proved by Borovoi and Milne.
We estimate the fraction of isogeny classes of abelian varieties over a finite field which have a given characteristic polynomial P(T) modulo l. As an application we find the proportion of isogeny classes of abelian varieties with a rational point of order l.
In this paper we investigate the image of the $l$-adic representation attached to the Tate module of an abelian variety over a number field with endomorphism algebra of type I or II in the Albert classification. We compute the image explicitly and verify the classical conjectures of Mumford-Tate, Hodge, Lang and Tate, for a large family of abelian varieties of type I and II. In addition, for this family, we prove an analogue of the open image theorem of Serre.
We consider the Kisin variety associated to a $n$-dimensional absolutely irreducible mod $p$ Galois representation $\barρ$ of a $p$-adic field $K$ and a cocharacter $μ$. Kisin conjectured that the Kisin variety is connected in this case. We show that Kisin's conjecture holds if $K$ is totally ramfied with $n=3$ or $μ$ is of a very particular form. As an application, we also get a connectedness result for the deformation ring associated to $\barρ$ of given Hodge-Tate weights. We also give counterexamples to show Kisin's conjecture does not hold in general.
Let $k$ be a totally real field, and let $A/k$ be an absolutely irreducible, polarized Abelian variety of odd, prime dimension whose endomorphisms are all defined over $k$. Then the only strictly compatible families of abstract, absolutely irreducible representations of $\gal(\ov{k}/k)$ coming from $A$ are tensor products of Tate twists of symmetric powers of two-dimensional $λ$-adic representations plus field automorphisms. The main ingredients of the proofs are the work of Borel and Tits on the `abstract' homomorphisms of almost simple algebraic groups, plus the work of Shimura on the fields…
Galois groups of low dimensional abelian varieties over finite fields
University of Massachusetts Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；Inria and Laboratoire d’Informatique de l’École polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris（法国国家信息与自动化研究所、巴黎综合理工学院计算机实验室、法国国家科学研究中心、巴黎理工学院）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）
This paper surveys the methods that have been used to attack the conjecture, still open, that an abelian variety over a characteristic $0$ field with finitely generated Galois group is always of infinite rank.
Let $S$ be a Shimura variety and let $h$ be a Weil height function on $S$. We conjecture that the heights of special points in $S$ are discriminant negligible. Assuming this conjecture to be true, we prove that the sizes of the Galois orbits of special points grow as a fixed power of their discriminant (an invariant we will define in the text). In the case of Shimura varieties of abelian type, the height bound holds by the recently proved averaged Colmez formula, and our theorem gives a new proof of Tsimerman's Galois lower bound in this case. The main novelty is that our approach avoids the u…
We formulate a question regarding uniform versions of "large Galois image properties" for modular abelian varieties of higher dimension, generalizing the well-known case of elliptic curves. We then answer our question affirmatively in the exceptional image case, and provide lower estimates for uniform bounds in the remaining cases.
Inspired by Kummer theory on abelian varieties, we give similar looking descriptions of the Galois groups occuring in the differential Galois theories of Picard-Vessiot, Kolchin and Pillay, and mention some arithmetic applications.
Let $F$ be a totally real number field and let $p$ be a prime unramified in $F$. We prove the existence of Galois pseudo-representations attached to mod $p^m$ Hecke eigenclasses of paritious weight occurring in the coherent cohomology of Hilbert modular varieties for $F$ of level prime to $p$.
We study the Galois symbol map associated to the multiplicative group and an abelian variety which has good ordinary reduction over a $p$-adic field. As a byproduct, one can calculate the "class group" in the view of the class field theory for curves over a $p$-adic field.
We show that the compactly supported cohomology of certain $\mathrm{U}(n,n)$ or $\mathrm{Sp}(2n)$-Shimura varieties with $Γ_1(p^\infty)$-level vanishes above the middle degree. The only assumption is that we work over a CM field $F$ in which the prime $p$ splits completely. We also give an application to Galois representations for torsion in the cohomology of the locally symmetric spaces for $\mathrm{GL}_n/F$. More precisely, we use the vanishing result for Shimura varieties to eliminate the nilpotent ideal in the construction of these Galois representations. This strengthens recent results of…
We address the distribution properties of points of small height on proper toric varieties and applications to the related Bogomolov property. We introduce the notion of monocritical toric metrized divisor and we prove that equidistribution occurs for every generic, small sequence with respect to a toric metrized divisor, for every place if and only if the divisor is monocritical. Furthermore, when this is the case, the limit measure is a translate of the natural measure on the compact torus sitting in the principal orbit of the ambient toric variety. We also study the $v$-adic modulus distrib…
We introduce a method for producing congruences between Hecke eigenclasses, possibly torsion, in the coherent cohomology of automorphic vector bundles on certain good reduction Shimura varieties. The congruences are produced using some "generalized Hasse invariants" adapted to the Ekedahl-Oort stratification of the special fiber.
Let F be a totally real field, v an unramified place of F dividing p and rho a continuous irreducible two-dimensional mod p representation of G_F such that the restriction of rho to G_{F_v} is reducible and sufficiently generic. If rho is modular (and satisfies some weak technical assumptions), we show how to recover the corresponding extension between the two characters of G_{F_v} in terms of the action of GL_2(F_v) on the cohomology mod p.
In this article, we show that for any non-isotrivial family of abelian varieties over a rational base with big monodromy, those members that have adelic Galois representation with image as large as possible form a density-$1$ subset. Our results can be applied to a number of interesting families of abelian varieties, such as rational families dominating the moduli of Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves, trigonal curves, or plane curves. As a consequence, we prove that for any dimension $g \geq 3$, there are infinitely many abelian varieties over $\mathbb Q$ with adelic Galois representation havi…
Given an abelian variety $A$ of dimension $g$ over a number field $K$, and a prime $\ell$, the $\ell^n$-torsion points of $A$ give rise to a representation $ρ_{A, \ell^n} : \gal(\bar{K} / K) \to \gl_{2g}(\zz/\ell^n\zz)$. In particular, we get a mod-$\ell$ representation $ρ_{A, \ell} : \gal(\bar{K} / K) \to \gl_{2g}(\ff_\ell)$and an $\ell$-adic representation $ρ_{A, \ell} : \gal(\bar{K} / K) \to \gl_{2g}(\zz_\ell)$. In this paper, we describe the possible determinants of subrepresentations (or more generally, subquotients) of these two representation for $\ell$ a prime number, as $A$ varies ove…
This paper treats what we call `weak geometric liftings' of Galois representations associated to abelian varieties. This notion can be seen as a generalization of the idea of lifting a Galois representation along an isogeny of algebraic groups. The weaker notion only takes into account an isogeny of the derived groups and disregards the centres of the groups in question. The weakly lifted representations are required to be geometric in the sense of a conjecture of Fontaine and Mazur. The conjecture in question states that any irreducible geometric representation is a twist of a subquotient of …
Associated to an abelian variety $A$ of dimension $g$ over a number field $K$ is a Galois representation $ρ_A\colon Gal(\bar{K}/K)\to GL_{2g}(\hat{\mathbb{Z}})$. The representation $ρ_A$ encodes the Galois action on the torsion points of $A$ and its image is an interesting invariant of $A$ that contains a lot of arithmetic information. We consider abelian varieties over $K$ parametrized by the $K$-points of a nonempty open subvariety $U\subseteq \mathbb{P}^n_K$. We show that away from a set of density $0$, the image of $ρ_A$ will be very large; more precisely, it will have uniformly bounded in…
We study modular Galois representations mod $p^m$. We show that there are three progressively weaker notions of modularity for a Galois representation mod $p^m$: we have named these `strongly', `weakly', and `dc-weakly' modular. Here, `dc' stands for `divided congruence' in the sense of Katz and Hida. These notions of modularity are relative to a fixed level $M$. Using results of Hida we display a `stripping-of-powers of $p$ away from the level' type of result: A mod $p^m$ strongly modular representation of some level $Np^r$ is always dc-weakly modular of level $N$ (here, $N$ is a natural numb…
Let $p$ be prime, and $n,m \in \mathbb{N}$. When $K/F$ is a cyclic extension of degree $p^n$, we determine the $\mathbb{Z}/p^m\mathbb{Z}[\text{Gal}(K/F)]$-module structure of $K^\times/K^{\times p^m}$. With at most one exception, each indecomposable summand is cyclic and free over some quotient group of $\text{Gal}(K/F)$. For fixed values of $m$ and $n$, there are only finitely many possible isomorphism classes for the non-free indecomposable summand. These Galois modules act as parameterizing spaces for solutions to certain inverse Galois problems, and therefore this module computation provid…
For any Shimura variety of Hodge type with hyperspecial level at a prime $p$ and a lisse sheaf on it, we prove a formula, conjectured by Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90}, for the Lefschetz number of an arbitrary Frobenius-twisted Hecke correspondence acting on the compactly supported étale cohomology and verify another conjecture of Kottwitz \cite{Kottwitz90} on the stabilization of that formula. The main ingredients of our proof of the formula are a recent work of Kisin \cite{Kisin17} on Langlands-Rapoport conjecture and the theory of Galois gerbs developed by Langlands and Rapoport \cite{LR87}. Es…
Let $Z \to X$ be a finite branched Galois cover of normal projective geometrically integral varieties of dimension $d \geq 2$ over a perfect field $k$. For such a cover, we prove a Chebotarev-type density result describing the decomposition behaviour of geometrically integral Cartier divisors. As an application, we classify Galois covers among all finite branched covers of a given normal geometrically integral variety $X$ over $k$ by the decomposition behaviour of points of a fixed codimension $r$ with $0 < r < \dim X$.
We show, using the trace formula, that any Newton stratum of a Shimura variety of PEL-type of types (A) and (C) is non-empty at the primes of good reduction. Furthermore we prove conditionally the non-emptiness for Shimura data associated to odd Spin groups. Our results are conditional on Rapoport-Langlands conjecture and Arthur's conjectures on the discrete spectrum. Both these results have been announced by Arthur and Kisin in significant cases.
Given a KHT Shimura variety provided with an action of its unramified Hecke algebra $\mathbb T$, we proved in a previous work, see also the work of Caraiani-Scholze for other PEL Shimura varieties, that its localized cohomology groups at a generic maximal ideal $\mathfrak m$ of $\mathbb T$, appear to be free. In this work, we obtain the same result for $\mathfrak m$ such that its associated Galois $\overline{\mathbb F}_l$-representation $\overline{ρ_{\mathfrak m}}$ is irreducible, under the hypothesis that $[F(\exp(2iπ/l):F]>d$ where $F$ is the reflex field, $d$ the dimension of the KHT Shimur…
Given a prime number l greater than or equal to 5, we construct an infinite family of three-dimensional abelian varieties over Q such that, for any A/Q in the family, the Galois representation ρ_{A, l}: Gal_Q -> GSp(6, l) attached to the l-torsion of A is surjective. Any such variety A will be the Jacobian of a genus 3 curve over Q whose respective reductions at two auxiliary primes we prescribe to provide us with generators of Sp(6, l).
Let $A$ be an absolutely simple abelian variety without (potential) complex multiplication, defined over the number field $K$. Suppose that either $\dim A=2$ or $A$ is of $\operatorname{GL}_2$-type: we give an explicit bound $\ell_0(A,K)$ such that, for every prime $\ell>\ell_0(A,K)$, the image of the absolute Galois group of $K$ in $\operatorname{Aut}(T_\ell(A))$ is as large as it is allowed to be by endomorphisms and polarizations.
We compute modular Galois representations associated with a newform $f$, and study the related problem of computing the coefficients of $f$ modulo a small prime $\ell$. To this end, we design a practical variant of the complex approximations method presented in the book edited by B. Edixhoven and J.-M. Couveignes. Its efficiency stems from several new ingredients. For instance, we use fast exponentiation in the modular jacobian instead of analytic continuation, which greatly reduces the need to compute abelian integrals, since most of the computation handles divisors. Also, we introduce an eff…
Let $K$ be a number field, $A/K$ be an absolutely simple abelian variety of CM type, and $\ell$ be a prime number. We give explicit bounds on the degree over $K$ of the division fields $K(A[\ell^n])$, and when $A$ is an elliptic curve we also describe the full Galois group of $K(A_{\text{tors}})/K$. This makes explicit previous results of Serre and Ribet, and strengthens a theorem of Banaszak, Gajda and Krasoń. Our bounds are especially sharp in case the CM type of $A$ is nondegenerate.
This paper is a continuation to \cite{Gazaki2017}. For every integer $n\geq 1$, we consider the generalized Galois symbol $K(k;G_1,G_2)/n\xrightarrow{s_n} H^2(k,G_1[n]\otimes G_2[n])$, where $k$ is a finite extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$, $G_1,G_2$ are semi-abelian varieties over $k$ and $K(k;G_1,G_2)$ is the Somekawa K-group attached to $G_1, G_2$. Under some mild assumptions, we describe the exact annihilator of the image of $s_n$ under the Tate duality perfect pairing, $H^2(k,G_1[n]\otimes G_2[n])\times H^0(k,Hom(G_1[n]\otimes G_2[n],μ_n))\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}/n$. An important special case is …
I show that a conjecture of Joshi-Rajan on primes of Hodge-Witt reduction and in particular a conjecture of Jean-Pierre Serre on primes of good, ordinary reduction for an abelian variety over a number field follows from a certain conjecture on Galois rep- resentations which may perhaps be easier to prove (and I prove this conjecture for abelian compatible systems of a suitable type). This reduction (to a conjecture about certain sys- tems of Galois representations) is based on a new slope estimate for non Hodge-Witt abelian varieties. In particular for any abelian variety over a number field w…
For each nonsingular hyperelliptic curve of arbitrary genus, we construct a natural injection from the Galois cohomology of 2-torsion subgroups of Jacobian varieties of the curve to the set of isomorphism classes of nonsingular complete intersections of two quadrics. This gives a generalization of the result of Flynn and Skorobogatov.
We study the Galois actions on the l-adic schematic and Artin-Mazur homotopy groups of algebraic varieties. For proper varieties of good reduction over a local field K, we show that the l-adic schematic homotopy groups are mixed representations explicitly determined by the Galois action on cohomology of Weil sheaves, whenever l is not equal to the residue characteristic p of K. For quasi-projective varieties of good reduction, there is a similar characterisation involving the Gysin spectral sequence. When l=p, a slightly weaker result is proved by comparing the crystalline and p-adic schematic…
Let $X$ and $Y$ be smooth and projective varieties over a field $k$ finitely generated over $\mathbb Q$, and let $\ov X$ and $\ov Y$ be the varieties over an algebraic closure of $k$ obtained from $X$ and $Y$, respectively, by extension of the ground field. We show that the Galois invariant subgroup of $\Br(\ov X)\oplus \Br(\ov Y)$ has finite index in the Galois invariant subgroup of $\Br(\ov X\times\ov Y)$. This implies that the cokernel of the natural map $\Br(X)\oplus\Br(Y)\to\Br(X\times Y)$ is finite when $k$ is a number field. In this case we prove that the Brauer-Manin set of the product…
In a recent paper, Moshe Jarden proposed a conjecture, later named the Kuykian conjecture, which states that if A is an abelian variety defined over a Hilbertian field K, then every intermediate field of K(A_{tor})/K is Hilbertian. We prove that the conjecture holds for Galois extensions of K in K(A_{tor}).
This note provides an insight to the diophantine properties of abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication over number fields. We study the fields of definition of the endomorphisms on these abelian varieties and the images of the Galois representations on their Tate modules. We illustrate our results with several explicit examples.
Let $\{ρ_\ell\}_\ell$ be the system of $\ell$-adic representations arising from the $i$th $\ell$-adic cohomology of a complete smooth variety $X$ defined over a number field $K$. Let $Γ_\ell$ and $\mathbf{G}_\ell$ be respectively the image and the algebraic monodromy group of $ρ_\ell$. We prove that the reductive quotient of $\mathbf{G}_\ell^\circ$ is unramified over every degree 12 totally ramified extension of $\mathbb{Q}_\ell$ for all sufficiently large $\ell$. We give a necessary and sufficient condition $(\ast)$ on $\{ρ_\ell\}_\ell$ such that for all sufficiently large $\ell$, the subgrou…
We define and study a collection of special cycles on certain non-PEL Shimura varieties for $U(2,1) \times U(1,1)$ that appear naturally in the context of the recent conjectures of Gan, Gross and Prasad on restrictions of automorphic forms for unitary groups and conjectural generalizations of the Gross--Zagier formula. We prove a combinatorial formula expressing the Galois action in terms of the distance function on the Bruhat--Tits buildings for these groups. In addition, we calculate explicitly the Hecke polynomial appearing in the congruence relation conjectured by Blasius and Rogawski. Usi…
The aim of this paper is to extend our old results about Galois action on the torsion points of abelian varieties to the case of (finitely generated) fields of characteristic 2.
