Luis V. Dieulefait, V. Rotger
This note provides an insight to the diophantine properties of abelian surfaces with quaternionic multiplication over number fields. We study the fields of definition of the endomorphisms on these abelian varieties and the images of the Galois representations on their Tate modules. We illustrate our results with several explicit examples.
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In this paper we will give the calculus, the criterion, and the existence of the arithmetic Galois covers of higher relative dimensions.
Galois coinvariants and fundamental groups of arithmetic schemes
该研究针对有限生成域上的几何平展基本群与平展上同调，建立特定伽罗瓦扩张下共变式的有限性性质，进而得到数域上算术概型平展基本群的有限性结果。
In the present paper, we will show that three apparently disjoint objects: Galois representations arising from twenty-seven lines on a cubic surface (number theory and arithmetic algebraic geometry), Picard modular forms (automorphic forms), rigid Calabi-Yau threefolds and their arithmetic (Diophantine geometry) are intimately related to Hessian polyhedra and their invariants. We construct a Galois representation whose image is a proper subgroup of $W(E_6)$, the Weyl group of the exceptional Lie algebra $E_6$. We give a conjecture about the identification of two different kinds of $L$-function…
We study toric varieties over a field k that split in a Galois extension K/k using Galois cohomology with coefficients in the toric automorphism group. Part of this Galois cohomology fits into an exact sequence induced by the presentation of the class group of the toric variety. This perspective helps to compute the Galois cohomology, particularly for cyclic Galois groups. We use Galois cohomology to classify k-forms of projective spaces when K/k is cyclic, and we also study k-forms of surfaces.
Assume that $X$ and $Y$ are arithmetic schemes, i.e., integral schemes of finite types over $Spec(\mathbb{Z})$. Then $X$ is said to be quasi-galois closed over $Y$ if $X$ has a unique conjugate over $Y$ in some certain algebraically closed field, where the conjugate of $X$ over $Y$ is defined in an evident manner. Now suppose that $ϕ:X\to Y$ is a surjective morphism of finite type such that $X$ is quasi-galois closed over $Y$. In this paper the main theorem says that the function field $ k(X)$ is canonically a Galois extension of $k(Y)$ and the automorphism group ${Aut}(X/Y)$ is isomorphic to …
We construct explicit examples of E_8 lattices occurring in arithmetic for which the natural Galois action is equal to the full group of automorphisms of the lattice, i.e., the Weyl group of E_8. In particular, we give explicit elliptic curves over Q(t) whose Mordell-Weil lattices are isomorphic to E_8 and have maximal Galois action. Our main objects of study are del Pezzo surfaces of degree 1 over number fields. The geometric Picard group, considered as a lattice via the negative of the intersection pairing, contains a sublattice isomorphic to E_8. We construct examples of such surfaces for w…
Arithmetic descent of specializations of Galois covers
本文研究数域上Galois覆盖的特化能否算术下降到Q的问题，证明了允许基变换时在G正则可实现条件下答案通常为肯定，不允许基变换时循环群情形为肯定，并给出一个无反例的显式构造。
We study Galois representations attached to nonsimple abelian varieties over finitely generated fields of arbitrary characteristic. We give sufficient conditions for such representations to decompose as a product, and apply them to prove arithmetical analogues of results shown by Moonen and Zarhin in the context of complex abelian varieties (of dimension at most 5).
The main result of the paper is a reciprocity law which proves that compatible systems of semisimple, abelian mod $p$ representations (of arbitrary dimension) of absolute Galois groups of number fields, arise from Hecke characters. In the last section of the paper analogs for Galois groups of function fields of these results are explored, and a question is raised whose answer will require developments in transcendence theory in characteristic $p$.
We develop a computational framework for the statistical characterization of Galois characters with finite image, with application to characterizing Galois groups and establishing equivalence of characters of finite images of $\mathrm{Gal}(\overline{\mathbb{Q}}/\mathbb{Q})$.
We prove the equality of two non-logarithmic ramification filtrations defined by Matsuda and Abbes-Saito for the abelianized absolute Galois group of a complete discrete valuation field in positive characteristic. We also compute the refined Swan conductor and the characteristic form of a character of the fundamental group of a smooth separated scheme over a perfect field of positive characteristic by using sheaves of Witt vectors.
Differential equations have arithmetic analogues in which derivatives are replaced by Fermat quotients; these analogues are called arithmetic differential equations and the present paper is concerned with the "linear" ones. The equations themselves were introduced in a previous paper. In the present paper we deal with the solutions of these equations as well as with the differential Galois groups attached to the solutions.
We use techniques of relative algebraic K-theory to develop a common refinement of the existing theories of metrized and hermitian Galois structures in arithmetic. As a first application of this very general approach, we then use it to prove several new results, and to formulate a framework of new conjectures, concerning the detailed arithmetic properties of wildly ramified Galois-Gauss sums.
Descent properties for an abelian variety with extended Galois representation
本文研究了具有扩展伽罗华表示的阿贝尔簇的下降性质，证明了在特定条件下，类型I的阿贝尔簇的逆向成立。
Given an elliptic curve $E/k$ and a Galois extension $k'/k$, we construct an exact functor from torsion-free modules over the endomorphism ring ${\rm End}(E_{k'})$ with a semilinear ${\rm Gal}(k'/k)$ action to abelian varieties over $k$ that are $k'$-isogenous to a power of $E$. As an application, we show that every elliptic curve with complex multiplication geometrically is isogenous over the ground field to one with complex multiplication by a maximal order.
Inspired by Kummer theory on abelian varieties, we give similar looking descriptions of the Galois groups occuring in the differential Galois theories of Picard-Vessiot, Kolchin and Pillay, and mention some arithmetic applications.
Let K be a number field and A an abelian variety over K. We are interested in the following conjecture of Morita: if the Mumford-Tate group of A does not contain unipotent Q-rational points then A has potentially good reduction at any discrete place of K. The Mumford-Tate group is an object of analytical nature whereas having good reduction is an arithmetical notion, linked to the ramification of Galois representations. This conjecture has been proved by Morita for particular abelian varieties with many endomorphisms (called of PEL type). Noot obtained results for abelian varieties without non…
Exceptional covers of the projective line with genus-one Galois closure: arithmetic forms over finite fields
本文对几何伽罗瓦闭包亏格1的可分不可约驯服例外射影直线映射分类，给出有限域上算术固定域形式的编码准则，获秩2支撑公式等结果，明确特征与障碍的相关性质。
We study the relationship between the local and global Galois theory of function fields over a complete discretely valued field. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for local separable extensions to descend to global extensions, and for the local absolute Galois group to inject into the global absolute Galois group. As an application we obtain a local-global principle for the index of a variety over such a function field. In this context we also study algebraic versions of van Kampen's theorem, describing the global absolute Galois group as a pushout of local absolute Galois groups.
In this paper we investigate the image of the $l$-adic representation attached to the Tate module of an abelian variety over a number field with endomorphism algebra of type I or II in the Albert classification. We compute the image explicitly and verify the classical conjectures of Mumford-Tate, Hodge, Lang and Tate, for a large family of abelian varieties of type I and II. In addition, for this family, we prove an analogue of the open image theorem of Serre.
It is shown that the Galois closure of the henselization of a one dimensional local field arising in geometric and arithmetic situation is separably closed.
Galois groups of low dimensional abelian varieties over finite fields
本文基于伽罗华群、牛顿多边形和角度秩三种同态不变量，定义新的加权置换表示不变量，用于研究阿贝尔表面和简单阿贝尔三次簇中这三个不变量之间的微妙关系。
Let $k$ be a totally real field, and let $A/k$ be an absolutely irreducible, polarized Abelian variety of odd, prime dimension whose endomorphisms are all defined over $k$. Then the only strictly compatible families of abstract, absolutely irreducible representations of $\gal(\ov{k}/k)$ coming from $A$ are tensor products of Tate twists of symmetric powers of two-dimensional $λ$-adic representations plus field automorphisms. The main ingredients of the proofs are the work of Borel and Tits on the `abstract' homomorphisms of almost simple algebraic groups, plus the work of Shimura on the fields…
We show all the possible structures of finite subgroups of the automorphism groups of elliptic curves. Here the automorphism means the biholomorphic transformation. Using the result, we determine every Galois group G at outer Galois point for genus-one curve with singular points. In particular, if G is abelian, then its order is at most nine. However if not so, the order is unbounded. Furthermore, we give every defining equation of the curve with the Galois point in the case where G is abelian.
In this paper we extend a conjecture of Ash and Sinnott relating niveau one Galois representation to the mod p cohomology of congruence subgroups of SL(n,Z) to include Galois representations of higher niveau. We then present computational evidence for our conjecture in the case n=3 in the form of three-dimensional Galois representations which appear to correspond to cohomology eigenclasses as predicted by the conjecture. Our examples include Galois representations with nontrivial weight and level, as well as irreducible three-dimensional representations which are in no obvious way related to l…
This paper surveys the methods that have been used to attack the conjecture, still open, that an abelian variety over a characteristic $0$ field with finitely generated Galois group is always of infinite rank.
This paper treats what we call `weak geometric liftings' of Galois representations associated to abelian varieties. This notion can be seen as a generalization of the idea of lifting a Galois representation along an isogeny of algebraic groups. The weaker notion only takes into account an isogeny of the derived groups and disregards the centres of the groups in question. The weakly lifted representations are required to be geometric in the sense of a conjecture of Fontaine and Mazur. The conjecture in question states that any irreducible geometric representation is a twist of a subquotient of …
The refined Swan conductor is defined by K.\ Kato \cite{KK2}, and generalized by T.\ Saito \cite{wild}. In this part, we consider some smooth $l$-adic étale sheaves of rank $p$ such that we can be define the $rsw$ following T.\ Saito, on some smooth dense open subscheme $U$ of a smooth separated scheme X of finite type over a perfect fields $κ$ of characteristic $p>0$. We give an explicit expression of $rsw(\mathcal{F})$ in some situation. As a consequence, we show that it is integral.
We formulate a general question regarding the size of the iterated Galois groups associated to an algebraic dynamical system and then we discuss some special cases of our question.
This paper is a continuation to \cite{Gazaki2017}. For every integer $n\geq 1$, we consider the generalized Galois symbol $K(k;G_1,G_2)/n\xrightarrow{s_n} H^2(k,G_1[n]\otimes G_2[n])$, where $k$ is a finite extension of $\mathbb{Q}_p$, $G_1,G_2$ are semi-abelian varieties over $k$ and $K(k;G_1,G_2)$ is the Somekawa K-group attached to $G_1, G_2$. Under some mild assumptions, we describe the exact annihilator of the image of $s_n$ under the Tate duality perfect pairing, $H^2(k,G_1[n]\otimes G_2[n])\times H^0(k,Hom(G_1[n]\otimes G_2[n],μ_n))\rightarrow\mathbb{Z}/n$. An important special case is …
In this note we relate the property of a semisimple l-adic Galois representation being "F-split" for a number field F to its having abelian image. By F-split we mean that the characteristic polynomials of Frobenii all split in F.
We prove a conjecture by Kawaguchi-Silverman on arithmetic and dynamical degrees, for self-morphisms of semi-abelian varieties. Moreover, we determine the set of the arithmetic degrees of orbits and the (first) dynamical degrees of self-morphisms of semi-abelian varieties.
In connection with our previous work on semi-galois categories, this paper proves an arithmetic analogue of Christol's theorem concerning an automata-theoretic characterization of when a formal power series over finite field is algebraic over the polynomial ring. There are by now several variants of Christol's theorem, all of which are concerned with rings of positive characteristic. This paper provides an arithmetic (or F_1) variant of Christol's theorem in the sense that it replaces the polynomial ring with the ring of integers of a number field and the ring of formal power series with the r…
We study the Galois symbol map associated to the multiplicative group and an abelian variety which has good ordinary reduction over a $p$-adic field. As a byproduct, one can calculate the "class group" in the view of the class field theory for curves over a $p$-adic field.
We formulate a question regarding uniform versions of "large Galois image properties" for modular abelian varieties of higher dimension, generalizing the well-known case of elliptic curves. We then answer our question affirmatively in the exceptional image case, and provide lower estimates for uniform bounds in the remaining cases.
Based on the analogies between mapping class groups and absolute Galois groups, we introduce an arithmetic pro-$\ell$ analogue of Orr invariants for a Galois element associated with Galois action on étale fundamental groups of punctured projective lines. At the same time, we also introduce pro-$\ell$ Orr space as an arithmetic analogue of Orr space whose third homotopy group is a target group of Orr invariant. We then determine its rank as $\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}$-module following Igusa-Orr's computation. Moreover, we investigate its relation with Ellenberg's obstruction to $π_1$-sections associate…
An abelian variety over a number field is called L-abelian variety if, for any element of the absolute Galois group of a number field L, the conjugated abelian variety is isogenous to the given one by means of an isogeny that preserves the Galois action on the endomorphism rings. We can think of them as generalizations of abelian varieties defined over L with endomorphisms also defined over L. In the one dimensional case, an elliptic curve defined over L gives rise to a Galois representation provided by the Galois action on its Tate module. This classical Galois representation has been a centr…
This paper justifies an assertion in (Elder, Proc AMS 137 (2009), no 4, 1193--1203) that Galois scaffolds make the questions of Galois module structure tractable. Let $k$ be a perfect field of characteristic $p$ and let $K=k((T))$. For the class of characteristic $p$ elementary abelian $p$-extensions $L/K$ with Galois scaffolds described in mentioned paper, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for the valuation ring $\mathfrak{O}_L$ to be free over its associated order $\mathcal{A}_{L/K}$ in $K[\Gal(L/K)]$. Interestingly, this condition agrees with the condition found by Y. Miyata, con…
This is an essay to accompany the author's lecture at the introductory workshop on `Nonabelian fundamental groups in arithmetic geometry' at the Newton Institute, Cambridge in July, 2009.
Field Arithmetic studies the interplay between arithmetical properties of fields and their absolute Galois groups. Here we studies fields satisfying local global principles for rational points of varieties and profinite groups satisfying local global principles for solvability of embedding problems.
We prove that certain fields have the property that their absolute Galois groups are free as profinite groups: the function field of a real curve with no real points; the maximal abelian extension of a 2-variable Laurent series field over a separably closed field; and the maximal abelian extension of the function field of a curve over a finite field. These results are related to generalizations of Shafarevich's conjecture.
We consider stacks of filtered phi-modules over rigid analytic spaces and adic spaces. We show that these modules parametrize p-adic Galois representations of the absolute Galois group of a p-adic field with varying coefficients over an open substack containing all classical points. Further we study a period morphism (defined by Pappas and Rapoport) from a stack parametrizing integral data and determine the image of this morphism.
Given a smooth projective curve $X$ of genus at least 2 over a number field $k$, Grothendieck's Section Conjecture predicts that the canonical projection from the étale fundamental group of $X$ onto the absolute Galois group of $k$ has a section if and only if the curve has a rational point. We show that there exist curves where the above map has a section over each completion of $k$ but not over $k$. In the appendix Victor Flynn gives explicit examples in genus 2. Our result is a consequence of a more general investigation of the existence of sections for the projection of the étale fundament…
The arboreal Galois group of a polynomial $f$ over a field $K$ encodes the action of Galois on the iterated preimages of a root point $x_0\in K$, analogous to the action of Galois on the $\ell$-power torsion of an abelian variety. We compute the arboreal Galois group of the postcritically finite polynomial $f(z) = z^2 - 1$ when the field $K$ and root point $x_0$ satisfy a simple condition. We call the resulting group the arithmetic basilica group because of its relation to the basilica group associated with the complex dynamics of $f$. For $K=\mathbb{Q}$, our condition holds for infinitely man…
We construct an explicit example of a genus $2$ curve $C$ over a number field $K$ such that the adelic Galois representation arising from the action of $\operatorname{Gal}(\overline{K}/K)$ on the Jacobian of $C$ has image $\operatorname{GSp}_4(\widehat{\mathbb Z})$.
We give an effective version of a result reported by Serre asserting that the images of the Galois representations attached to an abelian surface with $\End(A)= \mathbb{Z}$ are as large as possible for almost every prime. Our algorithm depends on the truth of Serre's conjecture for two dimensional odd irreducible Galois representations. Assuming this conjecture we determine the finite set of primes with exceptional image.
This paper is devoted to the explicit description of the Galois descent obstruction for hyperelliptic curves of arbitrary genus whose reduced automorphism group is cyclic of order coprime to the characteristic of their ground field. Along the way, we obtain an arithmetic criterion for the existence of a hyperelliptic descent. The obstruction is described by the so-called arithmetic dihedral invariants of the curves in question. If it vanishes, then the use of these invariants also allows the explicit determination of a model over the field of moduli; if not, then one obtains a hyperelliptic mo…
This paper explores some first-order properties of commuting-liftable pairs in pro-$\ell$ abelian-by-central Galois groups of fields. The main focus of the paper is to prove that minimized inertia and decomposition groups of many valuations are first-order definable using a predicate for the collection of commuting-liftable pairs.
Given an abelian variety $A$ of dimension $g$ over a number field $K$, and a prime $\ell$, the $\ell^n$-torsion points of $A$ give rise to a representation $ρ_{A, \ell^n} : \gal(\bar{K} / K) \to \gl_{2g}(\zz/\ell^n\zz)$. In particular, we get a mod-$\ell$ representation $ρ_{A, \ell} : \gal(\bar{K} / K) \to \gl_{2g}(\ff_\ell)$and an $\ell$-adic representation $ρ_{A, \ell} : \gal(\bar{K} / K) \to \gl_{2g}(\zz_\ell)$. In this paper, we describe the possible determinants of subrepresentations (or more generally, subquotients) of these two representation for $\ell$ a prime number, as $A$ varies ove…
Let $\mathcal{A}_g$ denote the moduli stack of principally polarized abelian varieties of dimension $g$. The arithmetic height, or arithmetic volume, of $\overline{\mathcal{A}}_g$, is defined to be the arithmetic degree of the metrized Hodge bundle $\overlineω_g$ on $\overline{\mathcal{A}}_g$. In 1999, Kühn proved a formula for the arithmetic volume of $\overline{\mathcal{A}}_1$ in terms of special values of the Riemann zeta function. In this article, we generalize his result to the case $g=2$.
In \cite{S}, Shyr derived an analogue of Dirichlet's class number formula for arithmetic Tori. We use this formula to derive a Brauer-Siegel formula for Tori, relating the Discriminant of a torus to the product of its regulator and class number. We apply this formula to derive asymptotics and lower bounds for Galois orbits of CM points in the Siegel modular variety $A_{g,1}$. Specifically, we ask that the sizes of these orbits grows like a power of Discriminant of the underlying endomorphism algebra. We prove this unconditionally in the case $g\leq 5$, and for all $g$ under the Generalized Rie…
We give an exact formula for the number of $G$-extensions of local function fields $\mathbb{F}_q((t))$ for finite abelian groups $G$ up to a conductor bound. As an application we give a lower bound for the corresponding counting problem by discriminant.
In this paper we use the Galois module structure for the classical parameterizing spaces for elementary p-abelian extensions of a field K to give necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of any embedding problem which is an extension of Z/p^nZ with elementary p-abelian kernel. This allows us to count the total number of solutions to a given embedding problem when the appropriate modules are finite, and leads to some nontrivial automatic realization and realization multiplicity results for Galois groups.
Let V be a p-adic representation of the absolute Galois group G of Q_p that becomes crystalline over a finite tame extension, and assume p odd. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for V to be isomorphic to the Tate module V_p(A) of an abelian variety A defined over Q_p. These conditions are stated on the filtered (ϕ,G)-module attached to V.
Uniform irreducibility of Galois action on the $\ell$-primary part of Abelian $3$-folds of Picard type
本文研究了皮卡型阿贝尔3折的ℓ-幂部分上格罗森德克尔作用的均匀不可约性，并将其推广到具有虚二次域乘法的二维阿贝尔3折族。
Let $L/K$ be a finite Galois extension whose Galois group $G$ is non-abelian and characteristically simple. Using tools from graph theory, we shall give a closed formula for the number of Hopf-Galois structures on $L/K$ with associated group isomorphic to $G$.
In this article, we show that for any non-isotrivial family of abelian varieties over a rational base with big monodromy, those members that have adelic Galois representation with image as large as possible form a density-$1$ subset. Our results can be applied to a number of interesting families of abelian varieties, such as rational families dominating the moduli of Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves, trigonal curves, or plane curves. As a consequence, we prove that for any dimension $g \geq 3$, there are infinitely many abelian varieties over $\mathbb Q$ with adelic Galois representation havi…
This paper is the sequel of our paper "Arithmetic height functions over finitely generated fields" (cf. math.NT/9809016). In this paper, we define the canonical height of subvarieties of an abelian variety over a finitely generated field over Q. We also prove that the canonical height of a subvariety is zero if and only if it is a translation of an abelian subvariety by a torsion point.
We determine the Galois module structure of the parameterizing space of elementary $p$-abelian extensions of a field $K$ when $\text{Gal}(K/F)$ is any finite $p$-group, under the assumption that the maximal pro-$p$ quotient of the absolute Galois group of $F$ is a free, finitely generated pro-$p$ group, and that $F$ contains a primitive $p$th root of unity if $\text{char}(F) \neq p$.
We study equivariant de Rham discriminants associated to arithmetic varieties which support a tame action by a finite group; we form these discriminants by endowing the de Rham cohomology with pairings arising from duality theory. Such equivariant discriminants are shown to break up naturally into a metric part and a signature part. In a previous paper we described the equivariant Arakelov discriminants, obtained by endowing the equivariant determinant of de Rham cohomology with various metrics. In this paper we study the associated equivariant signature information; in particular, we show tha…
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