We explore the theory of multiple zeta values (MZVs) and some of their $q$-generalisations. Multiple zeta values are numerical quantities that satisfy several combinatorial relations over the rationals. These relations include two multiplicative relations, which arise naturally from comparison of the MZVs with an underlying algebraic structure. We generalise these concepts by introducing the parameter $q$ in such a way that as $q\to 1^-$ we return to the ordinary MZVs. Our special interest lies in two $q$-models recently introduced by H. Bachmann. He further conjectures that the $\mathbb{Q}$-spaces generated by these $q$-generalisations coincide. In this thesis we establish a particular case of Bachmann's conjecture.
Recently (see [1]) I has introduced an interesting the Euler-Barnes multiple zeta function. In this paper we construct the q-analogue of Euler-Barnes multiple zeta function which interpolates the q-analogue of Frobenius-Euler numbers of higher order at negative integers.
This work is an example driven overview article of recent works on the connection of multiple zeta values, modular forms and q-analogues of multiple zeta values given by multiple Eisenstein series.
In this paper, we construct certain analogues of the Arakawa-Kaneko zeta functions. We prove functional relations between these functions and the Mordell-Tornheim multiple zeta functions. Furthermore we give some formulas among Mordell-Tornheim multiple zeta values as their applications.
We prove a new linear relation for a q-analogue of multiple zeta values. It is a q-extension of the restricted sum formula obtained by Eie, Liaw and Ong for multiple zeta values.
In the space of bounded real-valued functions on the interval $(0,1)$, we study the convergent sequences of $q$-analogues of multiple zeta values which do not converge to $0$. And we obtain the derived sets of the set of some $q$-analogue of multiple zeta values.
A q-analogue of the Riemann zeta function was studied in [Kaneko et al. 03] via a certain q-series of two variables. We introduce in a similar way a q-analogue of the Dirichlet L-functions and make a detailed study of them, including some issues concerning the classical limit of the q-analogue left open in [Kaneko et al. 03]. We also examine a "crystal" limit (i.e. q->0) behavior of the q-analogue. The q-trajectories of the trivial and essential zeros of the Riemann zeta function are investigated numerically when q moves in (0,1]. Moreover, conjectures for the crystal limit behavior of zeros o…
We study a class of q-analogues of multiple zeta values given by certain formal q-series with rational coefficients. After introducing a notion of weight and depth for these q-analogues of multiple zeta values we present dimension conjectures for the spaces of their weight- and depth-graded parts, which have a similar shape as the conjectures of Zagier and Broadhurst-Kreimer for multiple zeta values.
We prove an identity for multiple zeta star values, which generalises some identities due to Imatomi, Tanaka, Tasaka and Wakabayashi. This identity gives an analogue of cyclic insertion type identities, for multiple zeta star values, and connects the block decomposition with Zhao's generalised 2-1 formula.
We present explicit formulas for Hecke eigenforms as linear combinations of q-analogues of modified double zeta values. As an application, we obtain period polynomial relations and sum formulas for these modified double zeta values. These relations have similar shapes as the period polynomial relations of Gangl, Kaneko and Zagier and the usual sum formulas for classical double zeta values.
In this paper, we introduce $q$-analogues of the Barnes multiple zeta functions. We show that these functions can be extended meromorphically to the whole plane, and moreover, tend to the Barnes multiple zeta functions when $q\uparrow 1$ for all complex numbers.
We give new proofs of two functional relations for the alternating analogues of Tornheim's double zeta function. Using the functional relations, we give new proofs of some evaluation formulas found by H. Tsumura for these alternating series.
Two integral representations of q-analogues of the Hurwitz zeta function are established. Each integral representation allows us to obtain an analytic continuation including also a full description of poles and special values at non-positive integers of the q-analogue of the Hurwitz zeta function, and to study the classical limit of this q-analogue. All the discussion developed here is entirely different from the previous work in [4]
We establish finite analogues of the identities known as the Aoki-Ohno relation and the Le-Murakami relation in the theory of multiple zeta values. We use an explicit form of a generating series given by Aoki and Ohno.
We obtain a class of quadratic relations for a q-analogue of multiple zeta values (qMZV's). In the limit q->1, it turns into Kawashima's relation for multiple zeta values. As a corollary we find that qMZV's satisfy the linear relation contained in Kawashima's relation. In the proof we make use of a q-analogue of Newton series and Bradley's duality formula for finite multiple harmonic q-series.
We consider a cyclic analogue of multiple zeta values (CMZVs), which has two kinds of expressions; series and integral expression. We prove an `integral$=$series' type identity for CMZVs. By using this identity, we construct two classes of $\mathbb{Q}$-linear relations among CMZVs. One of them is a generalization of the cyclic sum formula for multiple zeta-star values. We also give an alternative proof of the derivation relation for multiple zeta values.
In this survey article, we discuss the algebraic structure of q-analogues of multiple zeta values, which are closely related to derivatives of Eisenstein series. Moreover, we introduce the formal double Eisenstein space, which generalizes the formal double zeta space of Gangl, Kaneko, and Zagier. Using the algebraic structure of q-analogues of multiple zeta values, we will present a realization of this space. As an application, we will obtain purely combinatorial proofs of identities among (quasi-)modular forms.
We study a certain class of q-analogues of multiple zeta values, which appear in the Fourier expansion of multiple Eisenstein series. Studying their algebraic structure and their derivatives we propose conjectured explicit formulas for the derivatives of double and triple Eisenstein series.
In [Ok] Okounkov studies a specific $q$-analogue of multiple zeta values and makes some conjectures on their algebraic structure. In this note we compare Okounkovs $q$-analogues to the generating function for multiple divisor sums defined in [BK1]. We also state a conjecture on their dimensions that complements Okounkovs conjectural formula and present some numerical evidences for it.
In this paper, we focus on a q-analogue of the Riemann zeta function at positive integers, which can be written for s\in\N^* by ζ_q(s)=\sum_{k\geq 1}q^k\sum_{d|k}d^{s-1}. We give a new lower bound for the dimension of the vector space over \Q spanned, for 1/q\in\Z\setminus\{-1;1\} and an even integer A, by 1,ζ_q(3),ζ_q(5),...,ζ_q(A-1). This improves a recent result of Krattenthaler, Rivoal and Zudilin (\emph{Séries hypergéométriques basiques, q-analogues des valeurs de la fonction zeta et séries d'Eisenstein}, J. Inst. Jussieu {\bf 5}.1 (2006), 53-79). In particular, a consequence of our resul…
We know at least two ways to generalize multiple zeta(-star) values, or MZ(S)Vs for short, which are $q$-analogue and $t$-interpolation. The $q$-analogue of MZ(S)Vs, or $q$MZ(S)Vs for short, was introduced by Bradley, Okuda and Takeyama, Zhao, etc. On the other hand, the polynomials interpolating MZVs and MZSVs using a parameter $t$ were introduced by Yamamoto. We call these $t$-MZVs. In this paper, we consider such two generalizations simultaneously, that is, we compose polynomials, called $t$-$q$MZVs, interpolating $q$MZVs and $q$MZSVs using a parameter $t$ which are reduced to $q$MZVs as $t…
We provide a $q$-analogue of Euler's formula for $ζ(2k)$ for $k\in\mathbb{Z}^+$. Our main results are stated in Theorems 3.1 and 3.2 below. The result generalizes a recent result of Z.W. Sun who obtained $q$-analogues of $ζ(2)=π^2/6$ and $ζ(4)=π^4/90$.
In 1999, Iwan Duursma defined the zeta function for a linear code as a generating function of its Hamming weight enumerator. It has various properties similar to those of the zeta function of an algebraic curve. This article extends Duursma's theory to the case of the formal weight enumerators and shows that there exists a similar structure to that of the weight enumerators of type II codes. The extremal property of the formal weight enumerators is also considered and an analogue of the Mallows-Sloane bound is deduced.
J. R. Wilton obtained an expression for the product of two Riemann zeta functions. This expression played a crucial role to find the approximate functional equation for the product of two Riemann zeta functions in the critical region. We find analogous expressions for the product of two Dedekind zeta functions and then use these expressions to find some expressions for Dedekind zeta values attached to arbitrary real as well as quadratic number fields at any positive integer.
For each positive integer n, we determine the set of symmetric functions f for which the congruence f(p/1,p/2,...,p/(p-1)) \equiv 0 mod p^n holds for all sufficiently large primes p. Our determination is conditional on a conjecture regarding the modulo p independence of Bernoulli numbers. In a recent work the author introduced a new truncated analogue of the multiple zeta function and investigated a class of relations among values of this function at positive integers. The question answered in the present work is equivalent to the determination of the relations satisfied by values of the corre…
Recently, the present authors jointly with Tauraso found a family of binomial identities for multiple harmonic sums (MHS) on strings $(\{2\}^a,c,\{2\}^b)$ that appeared to be useful for proving new congruences for MHS as well as new relations for multiple zeta values. Very recently, Zhao generalized this set of MHS identities to strings with repetitions of the above patterns and, as an application, proved the two-one formula for multiple zeta star values conjectured by Ohno and Zudilin. In this paper, we extend our approach to $q$-binomial identities and prove $q$-analogues of two-one formulas…
We introduce the notion of finite multiple harmonic q-series at a primitive root of unity and show that these specialize to the finite multiple zeta value (FMZV) and the symmetrized multiple zeta value (SMZV) through an algebraic and analytic operation, respectively. Further, we obtain families of linear relations among these series which induce linear relations among FMZVs and SMZVs of the same form. This gives evidence towards a conjecture of Kaneko and Zagier relating FMZVs and SMZVs. Motivated by the above results, we define cyclotomic analogues of FMZVs, which conjecturally generate a vec…
For Kleinian groups acting on hyperbolic three-space, we prove factorization formulas for both the Selberg zeta-function and the automorphic scattering matrix. We extend results of Venkov and Zograf from Fuchsian groups, to Kleinian groups, and we give a proof that is simple and extendable to more general groups.
We consider certain double series of Eisenstein type involving hyperbolic-sine functions. We define certain generalized Hurwitz numbers, in terms of which we evaluate those double series. Our main results can be regarded as a certain generalization of well-known results of Hurwitz, Herglotz, Katayama and so on. Our results also include recent formulas of the third-named author which are double analogues of the formulas of Cauchy, Mellin, Ramanujan, Berndt and so on, about certain Dirichlet series involving hyperbolic functions. As an application, we give some evaluation formulas for $q$-zeta f…
The aim of this paper is to define new generating functions. By applying the Mellin transformation formula to these generating functions, we define q-analogue of Genocchi zeta function, q-analogue Hurwitz type Genocchi zeta function, q-analogue Genocchi type l-function and two-variable q-Genocchi type l-function. Furthermore, we construct new genereting functions of q-Hardy-Berndt type sums and q-Hardy-Berndt type sums attached to Dirichlet character. We also give some new relations related to q-Hardy-Berndt type sums and q-Genocchi zeta function as well.
In recent years Lichtenbaum has conjectured a description for the special values of Hasse--Weil zeta functions in terms of ``Weil-étale cohomology''. In earlier papers we studied a class of foliated dynamical systems which had some similarities with arithmetic schemes. Assuming that certain zeta regularized determinants exist we now prove an analogue of Lichtenbaum's conjectures for a particularly simple class of such dynamical systems: Using results of Álvarez López and Kordyukov we express the leading coefficient $ζ^*_R (0)$ of the Ruelle zeta function $ζ_R (s)$ at $s = 0$ in terms of analyt…
Recently, R. Tauraso established finite $p$-analogues of famous Apéry series for $ζ(2)$ and $ζ(3).$ In this paper, we present several congruences for finite central binomial sums arising from the truncation of Apéry-type series for $ζ(4)$ and $ζ(5).$ We also prove a $p$-analogue of Zeilberger's series for $ζ(2)$ confirming a conjecture of Z. W. Sun.
The analogue of the Bruhat-Tits building of a p-adic group in F1-geometry is a single apartment. In this setting, the trace formula gives rise to a several variable zeta function analogously to the p-adic case. The analogy carries on to the fact that the restriction to certain lines yield zeta functions which are defined in geometrical terms. Also, the classical formula of Ihara has an analogue in this setting.
An elementary method of computing the values at negative integers of the Riemann zeta function is presented. The principal ingredient is a new q-analogue of the Riemann zeta function. We show that for any argument other than 1 the classical limit of this q-analogue exists and equals the value of the Riemann zeta.
We study generating functions for multiple zeta star values in general form. These generating functions provide a connection between multiple zeta star values and multiple Euler sums, which allows us to express each multiple zeta star value in terms of multiple alternating Euler sums, and specifically, reduce the length of blocks of twos in the resulting sums.
The $t$-adic symmetric multiple zeta values were defined Jarossay, which have been studied as a real analogue of $\boldsymbol{p}$-adic finite multiple zeta values. In this paper, we consider the star analogues based on several regularization processes of multiple zeta-star values: harmonic regularization, shuffle regularization, and Kaneko-Yamamoto's type regularization. We also present the cyclic sum formula for $t$-adic symmetric multiple zeta(-star) values, which is the counterpart of that for $\boldsymbol{p}$-adic finite multiple zeta(-star) values obtained by Kawasaki. The proof uses our …
Using the Jackson integral, we obtain the $q$-integral analogue of the Raabe type formulas for Barnes multiple Hurwitz-Lerch zeta functions and Barnes and Vardi's multiple gamma functions. Our results generalize $q$-integral analogue of the Raabe type formulas for the Hurwitz zeta functions and log gamma functions in [N. Kurokawa, K. Mimachi, and M. Wakayama, Jackson's integral of the Hurwitz zeta function, Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo (2) 56 (2007), no. 1, 43--56]. During the proof we also obtain a new formula on the relationship between the higher and lower orders Hurwitz zeta functions.
In this paper, we study multiple zeta values (abbreviated as MZV's) over function fields in positive characteristic. Our main result is to prove Thakur's basis conjecture, which plays the analogue of Hoffman's basis conjecture for real MZV's. As a consequence, we derive Todd's dimension conjecture, which is the analogue of Zagier's dimension conjecture for classical real MZV's.
We prove three theorems on finite real multiple zeta values: the symmetric formula, the sum formula and the height-one duality theorem. These are analogues of their counterparts on finite multiple zeta values.
In this paper, we will give a certain formula for the Riemann zeta function that expresses the Riemann zeta function by an infinte series consisting of $K$-Bessel functions. Such an infinite series expression can be regarded as an analogue of the Chowla-Selberg formula. Roughly speaking, the Chowla-Selberg formula is the formula that expresses the Epstein zeta-function by an infinite series consisting of $K$-Bessel functions. In addition, we also give certain analogues of the Chowla-Selberg formula for Dirichlet $L$-functions and $L$-functions associated with holomorphic cusp forms. Moreover, …
We derive two new analogues of a transformation formula of Ramanujan involving the Gamma and Riemann zeta functions present in the Lost Notebook. Both involve infinite series consisting of Hurwitz zeta functions and yield modular relations. As a special case of the first formula, we obtain an identity involving polygamma functions given by Andrew P. Guinand and as a limiting case of the second formula, we derive the transformation formula of Ramanujan.
We introduce an algebra which describes the multiplication structure of a family of q-series containing a q-analogue of multiple zeta values. The double shuffle relations are formulated in our framework. They contain a q-analogue of Hoffman's identity for multiple zeta values. We also discuss the dimension of the space spanned by the linear relations realized in our algebra.
We establish a tannakian formalism of $p$-adic multiple polylogarithms and $p$-adic multiple zeta values introduced in our previous paper via a comparison isomorphism between a de Rham fundamental torsor and a rigid fundamental torsor of the projective line minus three points and also discuss its Hodge and etale analogues. As an application we give a way to erase log poles of $p$-adic multiple polylogarithms and introduce overconvergent $p$-adic multiple polylogarithms which might be $p$-adic multiple analogue of Zagier's single-valued complex polylogarithms.
In this paper we present some new identities of hypergeometric type for multiple harmonic sums whose indices are the sequences $(\{1\}^a,c,\{1\}^b),$ $(\{2\}^a,c,\{2\}^b)$ and prove a number of congruences for these sums modulo a prime $p.$ The congruences obtained allow us to find nice $p$-analogues of Leshchiner's series for zeta values and to refine a result due to M. Hoffman and J. Zhao about the set of generators of the multiple harmonic sums of weight 7 and 9 modulo $p$. Moreover, we are also able to provide a new proof of Zagier's formula for $ζ^{*}(\{2\}^a,3,\{2\}^b)$ based on a finite…
Inspired by a recent work of M. Nakasuji, O. Phuksuwan and Y. Yamasaki we combine interpolated multiple zeta values and Schur multiple zeta values into one object, which we call interpolated Schur multiple zeta values. Our main result will be a Jacobi-Trudi formula for a certain class of these new objects. This generalizes an analogous result for Schur multiple zeta values and implies algebraic relations between interpolated multiple zeta values.
The sum formula for finite and symmetric multiple zeta values, established by Wakabayashi and the authors, implies that if the weight and depth are fixed and the specified component is required to be more than one, then the values sum up to a rational multiple of the analogue of the Riemann zeta value. We prove that the result remains true if we further demand that the component should be more than two or that another component should also be more than one.
We give explicit formulas for the recently introduced Schur multiple zeta values, which generalize multiple zeta(-star) values and which assign to a Young tableaux a real number. In this note we consider Young tableaux of various shapes, filled with alternating entries like a Checkerboard. In particular we obtain new sum representation for odd single zeta values in terms of these Schur multiple zeta values. As a special case we show that some Schur multiple zeta values of Checkerboard style, filled with 1 and 3, are given by determinants of matrices with odd single zeta values as entries.
